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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREfT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

(71*)  •72-4503 


CiHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/iCIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Taohnioal  and  Bibltographic  NotM/NotM  tachnlquM  at  bibliographiquaa 


The 
totr 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  avallabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  MMIographlcally  unlqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  Imagaa  In  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  algnificantiy  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  ehaclcad  balow. 


r^  Colourad  covara/ 


n 


□ 


Couvartura  da  eoulaur 

Covara  damagad/ 
Couvartura  andommagAa 


□   Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  palllcul4a 

□   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 
La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

□   Colourad  mapa/ 
Cartaa  gAographiquaa  an  eoulaur 

□   Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  eoulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  biaua  ou  noira) 

rri   Colourad  plataa  and/or  iiluatration*/ 


n 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  eoulaur 

Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Rail*  avae  d'autraa  doeumanta 

Tight  binding  may  eauaa  thadowa  or  diatortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  aarrAa  paut  eauaar  da  i'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  int4riaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  raatoration  may 
appaar  within  tlia  taxt.  Wlianavar  possibia,  thaaa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  eartainaa  pagas  bianchas  aJoutAaa 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaisaant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais,  ioraqua  cala  Atait  possibia,  cas  pagaa  n'ont 
pas  «t«  fiim«as. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  suppl4mantairas: 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilmi  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
qu'll  lul  a  *t4  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Laa  dAtaiia 
da  eat  axamplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  .'ua  bibliographlqua,  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raprodulta,  ou  qui  pauvant  9H\gm  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  norrnala  da  fllmaga 
aont  indiqute  ei-daaaoua. 


D 
D 
D 
0 
D 
13 
D 
D 
D 
□ 


Colourad  pagaa/ 
Pagaa  da  eoulaur 

Pagaa  damaged/ 
Pagaa  andommagiaa 

Pagaa  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pagaa  reataurAes  at/ou  peliiculAea 

Pagaa  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pagaa  dieoiorAes,  tachatAea  ou  piquAea 

Pagea  detached/ 
Pegea  dAtachias 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaperence 

Quality  of  print  variea/ 
QualitA  inAgala  de  i'impreaaion 

includes  supplementary  materiel/ 
Comprend  du  matirial  auppiimantaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Beuie  Mition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  pertialiy  obscured  by  errata 
aiipa,  tiasuea,  etc.,  heve  been  refiimed  to 
enaure  tha  beet  possible  imege/ 
Les  pages  totaiament  ou  pertiellement 
obacurcies  per  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  una  peiure, 
etc.,  ont  At*  filmAes  i  nouveeu  de  fepon  A 
obtenir  la  meiileure  imege  possible. 


The 
posi 
of  ti 
fiimi 


Orig 
begi 
the  I 
sion 
othe 
first 
sion, 
or  ill 


The 
shall 
TINl 
whic 

IMapi 
diffe 
entir 
begii 
right 
requi 
meth 


This  item  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filma  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

7 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  h«re  has  bean  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nationai  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  fiimA  f ut  reproduit  grAce  k  ia 
gAnArositA  de: 

Bibliothique  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quaiity 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  ia 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
pramlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  appara?tra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  mey  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


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3 

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iHe  JV^enon)inee  Iron  I^Dge." 


From  its  Genesis  to  its,  Revefation. 


r;  tl 


"     ^  #  #  QS^  tanb  u»fo«e  ttonet  ate  3von, 

anb  out  of  )»9oM  ^iffii  tfou  iiui)^«t  6%  qgfvA««." 

— The  Book  of  Dtutei-onomv. 


Swain  &  Tate  Co.,  Printbrs,  Milwaukbk. 


A  Business  Invitation  to  the  Menominee  Iron  Range 


Kddressed  to  joii, 


FROM    THE    LUMBERMAN    AND    THE    MINER 


.^^i<as^'"='^° 


"Say,   Partner:    Won't  you  come  over  and  'chip  in?'  " 


t'l 


Z^t  (JRenominee  3ron  (Kange. 


ITS    CITIES: 


THEIR  INDUSTRIESpf  RESOURCES, 


Beinc  a  Skktch  ok    ihk  Discovkkv  anh  Dkvki.ohmkn  i   ok   IHK 


&vtat  3tott  Ore  QBebe  of  t^e  (JXovt^, 


SlTUATEO    WITHIN    PORrif)NS    OK     TIIK    Si  A  IKS    OK 


Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  South  of  Lake  Superior, 


SUHMIITEO     AS    A    HaND-BoOK      KOk    THK      InKORMATION    OK     I  IIOSK     SkKKINC    A     PrOFITAHI.E 

FiKi.i)  KOR  Laiior  ani>  Invkstmknt, 

BY 


lODadtx  (R.  (nur»e)>. 


Author  of  "Ten   Years  in    Winnipeg,"    "Keewatin,  the  Di:batahie  Land,"    "Escanaba,  the 

Iron  Port  of  the    World ,"   etc.,  etc. 


lD\i%  (Wap0  anb  3«tt0fta«on0^ 


•Man*  MW*^  to  Aft  (T  (Ihjmih,  ki  Uw  fnir  IMI,  hj  Walur  R.  Rww;,  !■  Ik*  ■■»  •«  IIm  Ukrariu,  ai  Waiktailw. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PREFACE. 
Expltinatory  of  the  objects  of  the  publication,  and  tht;  scope  of  its  reference.  .  .      7      14 

CHAPTER  1. 
Thk  Mknominkk  RivKk  Coi;.nikv  -The  Old  and  tl>e  New 17-  27 

CHAPTER  II. 
The  Menominkk  Ikon    Ka.N(;iv-  Discovery  and  Development 29-  41 

CHAPTER  III. 
The  Oke  ani»   iiik   Iko.v  ui    ihk  Mknominke— Comparative  and  Affirmative...    43     55 

CHAPTER  IV. 
The  Iron  Mines  ok  hie  Menominee   Kance — Facts  and  Fancies 57     65 

CHAPTER  V. 
The  Cities  and  Towns  ok   the  Range — Their  Industries  and  their  Resources. 

NokWAV 67-  85 

Ikon  Mountain 87-117 

Fi.oKENCK 1 18-127 

Ckysiai.   Falls 128   148 

Iron  River 140-141  and  149 

With  Statistical  Tables  and  Statements  of  Facts. 


Iffa^'fratJoD^. 


♦  Lml  LL  of  the  artistic  Half  Tone  Plates  and  I'lioto-Knjjravin^s  which  embellish  this 
jy  X  publication,  have  been  enj{raved  by  the  Marr  tV-  Richards  KnKraving  Co.  kA 
Milwaukee,  from  photographs  taken  especially  for  the  purpose.  To  Mr.  Madley  of  the 
Thomson-Van  Oepoele  Electric  Mining  Co.  of  Boston,  I  am  indebted  for  the  underground 
llash  light  views. 

For  the  typographical  merits  of  the  pamphlet,  Swain  &  Tate  Co.  also  of  Milwaukee 
are  capably  responsible. 

The  Map  of  the  range  which  was  compiled  with  special  regard  to  the  references  1 
have  made  to  local  geography,  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Dunbar  Scott  of  the  Millie  Mining 
Co.,  Iron  Mountain. 

As  to  my  estimate  of  the  kindness  of  the  (piintette  of  hulies  who  permitteil  nie  to 
perpetuate  their  portraits  in  print,  I  find  it  cjuite  impossible  to  express  my  appreciation 
in  cold  type.  My  desire  to  place  in  evidence  that  iron  was  not  the  only  natural 
attraction  native  to  the  Menominee,  is,  I  am  now  certain,  distinctly  demonstrated  in  the 
more  magnetic  allurements  presented  by  these  feminine  symbols  of  its  Northern  Lights. 


Subject 


PhoTOI.KAI'IIKK. 


SlllJECT. 


I'llOTOGKArilKK. 


Kiver-man  and  Miner. ...  By  Murdoch  &  Mortenaen 
Shaft  No.  I,  Mamilton  Mine— Group  of 

Officials  and  Miners,  By  Murdoch  <S:  Mortensen 

Miss  Delia  t'elch Hy  Lee 

Shaft,  Chapin  Mine,  1878... Old  I'hoto,  Mr.  Hambly 

Initial  Letter 

i'aper  Mill,  Lower  Quinnesec  Fa'ls...By  Mortensen 


Chapin  and  Ludin^;ton  Mine— Hydrau- 
lic Works  and  Air  C'om pressors  — 
Menominee  Kiver By  Mortensen. 

Residence;  of  Mr.  Jno.  T.  Jones By  Murdoch 

Pumps  at  work,  13th  Level,  Mamilton 
Mine,  Mr.  l''esint;,  Capt  Carbis 
and  others Mr    Hadley 


LoK  Jam  on  Paint  River Residence  of  Mr.  K.  F.  Brown Hy    Murdoch. 


Birds-eye  view  of  Iron  Mountain.  . .  .By  Mortensen. 

I)r  Nelson  P.  Hulst By  Stein. 

Hon.  Jno.  L.  Buell By  Mortensen. 

Vulcan  Hotel By  Miller 

Mr    Lew  Whitehead By  Bordewick. 

Timber  Shaft,  Chapin    Mine— Group 

of  Miners By  Brown. 

Miners  Hand  Drilling,  H.  Shields  and 

J.  D.  Cudlip By  Murdoch. 

Miners  in  Cage — Descending  Pewabic 

Mine By  Mortensen. 

Rand  Air  Drill,  4th  Level,  Ludington 

Mine — Capt.      Davis,      Engineer 

.McDermott,  etc By  Mr.    Hadley. 

.\  Menominee  Ore  Carrier,  The  K.  C.  Pope 

Through  courtesy  of  Cleveland  A/nrhii'  A'.-7'vt.'. 

Hirds-eye  view  of  Norway By  Bordewick. 

"  Current  Block,"  Norway By  Bordewick. 

West  Vulcan  and  Currie  Mines,  Penn 

Mining  Co By  Bordewick. 

Shaft  House  2,  .dragon  Mine,  Group 

of  Officials  and  Miners By  Bordewick. 

Street  View,  Norway By  Bordewick. 

Mr   J.  B.  Knight By  Bordewick. 

Kand  Rock  Drill,  12th  Level,  Hamilton 

Mine,  Capt.  Carbis  and  others Mr.  Hadley 

Hauling  Logs  in  the  Winter By  Julin. 

Hirds-eye  view.  Iron  Mountain By  Mortensen. 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  R'y  Station,  By  Mortensen. 

Mr.  John  R.  Wood 

Wood's  Bank  Block By  Mortensen. 


High  School,  Iron  Mountain, 

Drawing  by  Architect  Clancy. 

Fisher  Block,  Iron  Mountain, 

Drawing  by  Architect  Clancy 

Mr.  Jno.  T.  Jones 

Wood's  Santlstone  Block.  Iron  Moun- 
tain  By  Mortensen, 

Court  House  and  Jail,  Florence By  Julin 

Mr.  H    D    F'isher By  Armstrong. 

■Wisconsin  Saw  Logs— A  big  haul By  Murdoch. 

Mr.  Chas.  Loughrey By  Julin. 

Public  School,  Florence By  Julin. 

Dr   Cook's  Camp.  Brule  River By  Julin. 

The  Mansfield  Mine,  Crystal  Falls By  McCourt. 

Mr.  John  Parkes.  Crystal  Falls By  McCourt. 

Court  House,  Crystal  Falls By  McCourt. 

Paint   River  Falls  and   Water  Power, 

Crystal  Falls By  McCourt 

Mr.  A    Lustfield,  Crystal  Falls By  Brush. 

Lockwood  House,  Crystal   Falls ..By  McCourt. 

Public  School,  Cryst.il  Falls By  McCourt. 

The  Dunn  Mine,  Crystal  Falls By  McCourt 

Mr.  Harte's  Residence,  Crystal  Falls     By  McCourt. 

Mr.  Lusttield's  Store,  Crystal  Falls.  .  .  .By  McCourt. 

Trout  Fishing  on  the  Brule,  Iron  River 

Ore  Chute  and  Tram  Car,  13th  Level, 

Hamilton  Mine   Mr.  Hadley 

A  Menominee  Belle,  Miss  McKinstry.By  Mortensen. 

The  Chimes  of  the  Menominee — 
Mrs.  Claude  Atkinson,  Miss  M. 
Bush  and  Miss  Kitty  McConnell, 

By  McCourt,  Bordewick  and  Mortensen 


75 


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^   I  II K  facts  rt'tortleil  in  this  inoiio^^rapli,  other  than  those  facts  ac(|uire(i  by  a  stu«ly  of 
-*-     avaihibie  statistics,  if  not  actually   won   at   the   mouth   of   a  derringer,  have   yet 
been  extractecj,  with  few  exceptions,  from  very  unwiliiiif^  witnesses. 

The  dilemma  which  confronted  me  in  my  task,  can  be  fairly  well  appreciated  when 
it  is  understood  that  out  of  over  sixteen  hundred  circidars  of  exiiortation,  addressed  to 
all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men,  less  than  a  dozen  gentlemen  respected  the  invitation. 
Sixteen  hundred  recipients  "failed  to  connect."  For  obvious  reasons  this  inexplicable 
apathy  is  to  be  regretted,  and  is  mentioned  more  with  the  purpose  on  the  part  of  the 
writer,  of  insisting  upon  plenary  absolution  at  the  liantis  of  locally  interested  critics,  for 
with  a  view  to  fortifying  his  position  against  comment  on  any  sins  of  omission,  a  saving 
clause  was  inserted  in  the  intro«luctory  prospectus,  which  read  as  follows: 

To  place  all  matters  of  alleged  fact  in  ccinnection  with  the  ranKe,  beyond  the  pale  of  doubt,  your 
written  opinion,  l>aHed  upon  an  actual  knowledge  of  the  subjects  referred  to,  is  urgently  sounht  If  you  do 
not  care  to  accept  your  share  of  this  reasonable  responsibility,  any  criticism  you  may  feel  constrained  to 
make  after  publication,  will  fail  to  indicate  that  y(>u  "  were  really  interested  in  the  reliability  of  the  work." 

To  those  few  who  realized  the  importance  of  disseminating  literal  literature,  con- 
cerning a  territory  destined  to  furnish  and  to  forge  the  king-l)olts  of  America's  commer- 
cial world,  and  with  whom  a  sense  of  imiversal  duty  prevailed  over  other  considerations, 
1  proffer  my  thanks. 

To  Dr.  N.  P.  Hulst,  of  Milwaukee,  Gen.  Man.  Pewabic  Mine;  Mr.  John  T.  Jones, 
Supt.  of  Hamilton  Ore  Co.;  Mr.  J.  H.  Knight,  Editor  of  Norway  Current;  Mr.  Kelly, 
Gen.  Man.  Penn.  Mining  Co.;  Mr.  John  H.  Wood,  Pres.  First  National  Hank,  Iron 
Mountain;  Rev.  Father  Bourion,  Mr.  H.  D.  Fisher  and  Mr.  Frank  Waring,  of  Florence, 
Mr.  A.  Lustfield  and  Mr.  Gerome  Schwartz,  of  Crystal  Falls,  and  Mr.  Lew  Whitehead, 
of  Vulcan,  and  to  Major  S.  G.  Brock,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Statistics  Treasury  Dept.,  and 
Dr.  David  T.  Day,  of  the  Division  of  Mines,  Washington,  my  acknowledgments  for 
valuable  information  are  especially  owing.  To  some  other  gentlemen  I  am  also  under 
obligations  to  a  lesser  degree.  As  to  the  contingent  of  chronic  promisors,  whose  profuse 
pledges  remain  unfulfilled  I  commend  them  to  the  consideration  of  my  successors.  To 
those  who  were  always  too  busy  (  "Don't  you  see  Sir,  that  I  am  too  busy?")  to  talk  busi- 
ness, or  even  to  be  approached,  and  an  interruption  of  whose  child-like  reveries,  would. 


I'HE  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


were  the  dreamers  to  be  believed,  disturb  the  balance  of  the  world,  I  extend  my 
apology  and  make  natuial  allowance.  To  those  other  few,  equally  estimable  yet  more 
refreshingly  frank  and  understandable  gentlemen,  who  referred  to  pits  more  bottomless 
than  euphonious,  where  the  earth  forever  melts  in  a  fervent  heat,  and  spoke  of  an  over- 
ture of  clubs,  I  would  merely  remind  them,  that  in  the  advanced  prosperity  which  must 
follow  a  wider  knowledge  of  the  native  riches  on  which  the  very  thresholds  of  their 
houses  rest,  though  they  will  share  in  all  the  benefits  that  will  follow  such  publicity  they 
can  never  hope  to  claim  the  smallest  particle  of  credit. 

It  is  particularly  trusted  that  the  mission  of  these  unpretentious  pages  or  their 
proper  status  in  the  world  of  books,  will  not  be  confounded.  In  no  sense  are  they 
hazarded  as  a  literary  effort,  or  with  the  presumption  that  they  will  rank  with  any  of  the 
more  elaborate  and  recognized  chronicles  of  Michigan's  achievements.  A  great  dearth 
of  literature  descriptive  of  the  famouL  local  resources  of  these  portions  of  the  states 
dedicated  to  the  "beaver"  and  the  "wolverine,"  exists.  It  was  deemed  that  any 
addition  to  such  scant  records  no  matter  how  immature  the  style,  provided  unassailable 
facts  were  presented,  should  be  of  practical  avail  in  spreading  the  knowledge  of  the 
wonders  of  marvellous  Menominee,  and  so  be  acceptable  to  a  public  forever  thirsting  for 
information. 

I  am  aware  that  publications  of  this  nature  are  prone  to  carry  greater  respect  if  they 
are  free  from  any  indication  of  being  issued  as  a  business  venture.  Again,  on  the  other 
hand,  if  issued  under  the  auspices  of  local  interests  they  are  probably  more  apt  to  present 
colored  and  partial  views,  the  result  of  a  not  unnatural  desire  to  place  everything  in  the 
best  possible  light.  I  therefore  submit  that  in  the  plan  now  pursued,  namely  a  review 
by  an  impartial  observer,  the  naked  truths  are  more  liable  to  be  presented  than  they 
would  be  by  any  of  the  ordinary  methods  universally  in  vogue.  The  writer  being 
distinctly  free  from  provincial  prejudice  and  completely  independent  of  control,  the  state- 
ments hereinafter  made  may  be  accepted  as  reliable.  Whilst  exception  may  be  taken 
to  certain  conclusions  reached,  involving  a  difference  of  opinion  only,  no  exception  need 
be  taken  to  the  facts  as  recited  which  in  every  case  have  been  subjected  to  all  possible 
verification. 

Profound  belief  in  Menominee's  future,  a  belief  encouraged  by  the  staunch  advocacy 

of  practical  representatives  of  the  Range,  must  stand  the  excuse  for  the  existence  of  this 

epitome  of  truths  r.^w  presented.     The  pith  of  the  rangeman's  creed — which  forms  the 

excuse  for  my  research,  and  the  scope  of  my  enquiry — is  best  explained  by  a  quotation 

from  the  prospectus  already  mentioned,  and  which  preceeded  my  investigations,  and  the 

compiling  of  this  pamphlet. 

Distinctly  foremost  as  a  controlling  factor  in  the  expansion  of  trade  and  the  enlistment  of  capital,  is 
the  unstinted  publicity  of  facts  relating  to  the  physical  aspect  and  commercial  situation  of  any  region, 
which  aspires  to  compete  in  the  world's  race  for  supremacy  in  any  special  line  of  product  or  manufacture. 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


extend  my 
>le  yet  more 
!  bottomless 

of  an  over- 
which  must 
lids  of  their 
iblicity  they 

res  or  their 
ise  are  they 
h  any  of  the 
great  dearth 
af  the  states 
ed   that   any 

unassailable 
■ledge  of  the 

thirsting  for 

spect  if  they 
on  the  other 
pt  to  present 
thing  in  the 
ely  a  review 
d  than  they 
riter  being 
1,  the  state- 
ay  be  taken 
;eption  need 
all  possible 

Ich  advocacy 
Itence  of  this 
forms  the 
la  quotation 
)ns,  and  the 

It  of  capital,  is 
jf  any   region, 
manufacture. 


The  people  of  the  Northern  Peninsula  of  Michigan  and  its  parallell  territory  in  Wisconsin,  have  l)een 
slow  to  adopt  the  pacific  methods  of  modern  trade  warfare — the  necessary  outcome  of  commercial 
competition — which  have  been  so  successfully  employed  in  the  iron  producing  states  of  the  South.  Alabama. 
Virtjinia.  the  Carolinasand  Tennessee  in  particular,  have  almost  dried  up  the  printers  founts,  and  exhausted 
his  fonts,  in  publishing  to  the  outside  world  in  attractive  form  the  history  of  their  resources,  and  have 
actually  stormed  the  commercial  strongholds  of  the  North  itself,  hoping  even  to  seduce  the  business  men 
of  the  inland  marine  states  from  allegiance  to  their  highlands  of  superior  mineral  and  timber,  for  the 
doubtful  advantages  of  the  inferior  iron  fields  of  the  over-heated  South. 

Not  a  southern  city  of  the  least  magnitude — with  less  abundant  advantages  than  have  the  majority 
of  its  prototypes  in  the  North,  or  one  whose  town  plat  even  exists  only  in  the  minds  of  the  promoters — but 
has  been  written  up,  and  its  alleged  resources  advertised  in  an  attractive  way.  Not  a  day  passes  but 
illustrated  literature,  preaching  in  glowing  terms  southern  possibilities,  reaches  the  northern  manufacturer 
to  disturb  his  peace  of  mind,  or  to  induce  the  hesitating  investor  to  concentrate  his  attentions  on  those 
somewhat  torrid  latitudes. 

Whilst  statements  more  or  less  exaggerated  are  thus  placed  in  circulation,  the  fact  must  not  be  lost 
sight  of,  that  the  South  if  producing  a  much  less  valuable  grade  of  ore  than  the  Lake  Superior  region, 
holds  out  some  cogent  reasons  for  recognition,  in  the  way  of  low  freight  rates  and  less  exacting  royalties. 

The  vastness  of  the  Menominee  Mines,  the  unapproachable  excellence  of  their  ores,  the  dense  forests 
of  pine  and  hardwood,  with  an  unlimited  supply  of  structural  timber,  pulp  wood,  lumber,  charcoal  and 
other  fuels,  offering  material  for  every  known  branch  of  manufacture,  together  with  the  inestimable  value 
of  the  many  river's  enormous  water  power,  whilst  all  contributing  to  make  a  region  incalculably  rich  in 
natural  resource— have  never  been  presented  to  an  inquisitive  public  in  condensed  book  form. 

It  is  in  a  measure  to  present  a  counter-irritant  to  this  southern  fever,  that  I  invite  a  closer  study  of  the 
great  trade  possibilities  of  the  Iron  ranges  of  the  Menominee,  which  may  righteously  be  regarded  as  perhaps 
the  richest  region  of  ferriferous  deposit  in  the  known  world. 

A  region,  upon  the  churned  bosom  of  whose  restless  parent  stream  annualb"  float 
some  600,000,000  feet  of  logs  cut  within  its  limits,  can  surely  be  excused  for  courting 
public  criticism. 

What  are  these  rivers  saying?  What  is  the  burden  of  their  invitation?  What  is 
the  practical  interpretation  of  the  music  of  their  ripple,  and  of  the  psalm  of  their 
cataracts?     Listen!  it  is  this: 

"We  are  dying  to  be  harnessed  in  the  interests  of  commerce.     We  are  eter- 

"nally  and  aimlessly  beating  against  the  rocks.      Won't ^v^'^  come,  man  of  indus- 

" trial   science  and  lead  us  the  way  we  would  go?     At  six  points  alone,  alongside 

"flourishing  towns,  we  offer  you  our  free  services  equal  to  twenty  thousand  horse 

"power.     It  is  yours  for  the  asking.     Won't  you  come?" 

These  streams  offer  every  trade  inducement   in  the  way  of   cheap  and  applicable 

co-operation  to  the  men  who  seek  new  fields  for  manufacturing   industries.     The  raw 

material,  the  wood  and   the  iron,  are   at  hand  in  plethoric  abundance.      The  market  is 

both  local  and  territorial,  the  demand   is   daily   increasing,   but  the   supply   at   present 

comes  from  abroad.      The  forests   of    the   Menoininee   butter  the  bread  of  the  eastern 

manufacturer,  who  grows  rich  on  their  crude  product.     The  Iron  Mountain  consumer, 

after  paying  two  freights  on  his  manufactured  necessaries  of  life,  besides  commissions  to 

various  middle-men,  realizes  in  common  with  his  neighbors  in  other  towns  of  the  range, 

tiiat  it  is  about    time  he   disbursed    his  wages  nearer  home,  and  in  supporting  local 

industries,  indirectly  benefited  himself. 


lO 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


An  Iruit  Range  such  as  the  Menominee,  with  a  list  of  thirty-two  mines,  only  twelve 
of  which  however,  produced  during  the  last  calendar  year  over  20,000  tons  of  ore  each, 
and  only  six  of  which  produced  over  100,000  tons  each,  whilst  the  total  output  of 
fourteen  others  only  reached  96,000  tons,  yet  managed,  with  this  majority  of  infant 
industries  to  ship  2,282,237  tons  of  hematite  to  eastern  smelters,  being  considerably 
less  than  one-sixlh  only  of  the  total  product  of  the  United  States,  and  greatly  less  than 
one-third  only  of  all  the  ore  mined  in  Michigan — has  surely  the  vested  right  by  reason 
of  native  endowment  to  demand  and  exact  the  attention  of  the  world. 

North  and  west  of  the  Menominee  Range,  inclusive  also  of  all  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin, I  find  by  a  study  of  the  last  Census  Report  (Bulletin  No.  12)  that  there  is  a 
population  of  over  8,000,000  of  people  in  the  States  and  Territories  marketably  tributary 
to  the  Lake  Superior  Iron  fields.  Accepting  the  estimate  of  300  pounds  per  capita  v? 
the  present  consumption  of  iron  in  the  United  States,  I  find  that  about  1,250,000  tons 
of  iron  would  at  the  present  time  be  annually  necessary  for  the  immediate  wants  of 
these  people.  Hence  it  would  take  to-day  more  than  200,000  tons  of  ore  in  excess  of 
the  Menominee  Range  product  of  1890,  to  supply  the  existing  want  of  the  consumers 
geographically  and  commercially  dependent  on  an  iron  mart  yet  to  be  established  in  the 
bulls  eye  of  the  greatest  ore-beds  of  the  world,  and  this  without  any  regard  to  an 
increase  of  population  or  the  accelerating  demand  of  the  future. 

The  chief  portion  of  this  hand  '  :^"k  is  justly  devoted  to  a  resume  of  the  physical 
features,  resources  and  industrial  an  ■.  .>  ges  of  the  Range,  as  a  whole — as  the  situs  of 
the  iron  fields  which  will  within  th.  itury  supply  the  entire  Northwestern  States — 
which  resume  forms  the  comprehensive  text  and  key  to  the  special  advantages  presented 
by  each  of  the  towns  and  villages  within  its  borders.  The  limited  space  at  my  disposal 
permits  but  the  veriest  outline  sketch  of  their  several  histories,  and  is  entirely  too 
restricted  for  the  purposes  of  detailed  chronology.  Their  separate  mention  indeed  is 
more  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  inherent  and  extraordinary  worth  of  the  country 
subject  to  their  control,  an  authority  imposed  upon  them  by  the  rapid  expansion  of 
their  governmental  functions,  and  of  the  industries  upon  which  they  are  built,  and 
which  has  forced  them  into  existence  within  a  decade. 

A  short  ten  years  since  the  oldest  child  of  this  urban  family  was  the  crudest  kind  of 
a  mining  village,  canvas-housed,  board-shacked,  and  log-cabinned,  sheltering  one  hun- 
dred or  less  swart  miners  of  divers  nationalities  under  the  sombre  arches  of  whispering 
pines.  Could  the  few  tall  trees,  relico  of  the  original  forest,  which  now  in  places  cast 
their  ornamental  shadows  on  electric  lamp  posts  and  the  pilasters  of  sandstone  blocks, 
tell  to  you  the  story,  they  are  never  tired  of  whispering  to  each  other,  amid  the  showers 
of  glistening  needles,  falling,  falling,  a  sweet  winding-sheet  upon  the  graves  of  departed 


The  Menominek  Iron  Range. 


II 


only  twelve 
of  ore  each, 
al  output  of 
ity  of  infant 
considerably 
tly  less  than 
;ht  by  reason 

an  and  Wis- 
it  there  is  a 
ibly  tributary 
)er  capita  ^s 
250,000  tons 
iate  wants  of 
i  in  excess  of 
le  consumers 
)lished  in  the 
regard  to  an 

the  physical 
s  the  situs  of 
;ern  States — 

es  presented 
my  disposal 
entirely  too 

ion  indeed  is 
the  country 

expansion  of 

e  built,   and 

idest  kind  of 
ng  one  hun- 
whispering 
places  cast 
Itone  blocks, 
I  the  showers 
of  departed 


facts,  you  would  carry  away  with  you  a  just  impression — far  outside  of  my  power  to 
impart — of  the  awful  results — I  use  the  adjective  intentionally — of  the  subtle  forces  of 
nature.  Out  of  chaos  has  arrived  a  new  order  of  things.  Out  of  tene  jus  forest  wrack, 
and  silent  hills  of  jasper,  have  sprung  important  towns  vital  with  active  commerce,  and 
vibrant  day  and  night  with  the  aggressive  shriek  of  steam,  the  blows  of  the  pick,  the 
muffled  friction  of  the  hoists,  the  sonorous  roar  of  emptying  skips,  the  crisp  creak  of 
electricity,  and  the  high  pitched  singing  of  compressed  air.  Towns  whose  utilization  of 
certain  modern  scientific  appliances,  surpasses  in  some  particulars  all  other  cities  of  the 
world;  towns  whose  material  advancement  is  literally  based  on  the  incalculable  and 
inexhaustible  value  of  the  foundations  of  their  streets,  and  whose  adjacent  barriers  of 
marketable  woods  make  even  invasion  profitable  whilst  it  lasts,  and  conquest  doubly  so. 

Few  of  the  men  who  drifted  into  the  wilderness  of  the  range  in  the  dying  '70's 
dreamed  of  the  revelations  and  successes  which  were  to  follow  their  primal  exploits. 
American  and  Englishman,  Italian  and  Frenchman,  Swede  and  Belgian,  Polak  and  Fin- 
lander,  who  followed  in  the  blazed  tracks  of  the  early  prospectors,  realized  even  less 
than  did  the  yet  earlier  French  explorers,  what  mighty  questions  of  commercial  polity 
hung  upon  their  efforts,  whilst  even  their  exploiting  scientific  precursors,  who  first 
damned  their  compasses  for  too  faithful  variations,  and  later  woke  the  echoes  of  the  iron 
cliffs  of  Waucedah,  with  their  ultimate  shouts  of  discovery,  failed  to  comprehend  in  its 
entirety — as  we  also  at  this  relatively  late  date  do  likewise — the  significance  attaching  to 
the  unlocking  of  the  iron  gates  of  the  Menominee.  To  the  men  who  first  wrought  and 
still  labor  in  these  "sunless  caves,"  the  thanks  of  the  nation  are  due  for  their  patient 
and  insistent  heroism.  As  for  the  discoverers,  who  through  a  war  of  conflicting  rumors, 
in  the  face  of  great  physical  privation,  and  in  the  absence  of  all  written  reports,  insti- 
tuted a  mineral  inquisition,  subpoenaed  the  testimony  of  the  rocks,  and  compelled  these 
highlands  of  diorite  to  disclose  the  dark  secrets  of  the  ages,  does  not  their  compensation 
exist  in  the  betterment  of  their  fortunes,  and  the  record  of  their  researches,  more 
enduring  even  than  the  mineral  their  efforts  brought  to  light. 

This  inland  sea  of  metallic  mountains,  these  pine-capped  pyramids  of  Huronian 
rock,  within  whose  subterranean  terraces  rest  immense  lenticular  masses  of  hematite 
and  magnetite  of  unsurpassed  purity,  remain  to-day,  practically  speaking,  a  terra  well 
nigh  incognita.  The  richness  of  its  deposits  and  the  peculiar  character  of  its  geological 
conformation,  renders  its  study  and  its  scientific  dissection  an  inviting  field  for  the 
explorer  and  the  capitalist.  Leagues  of  ferruginous  hills  still  sun  their  rust-red  slopes 
undisturbed  by  diamond  drill  or  giant  powder.  Of  the  millions  of  tons  of  ore  in  sight, 
they  are,  it  is  estimated,  but  an  infinitesimal  fraction  of  the  vast  body  of  66  per  cent, 
mineral,  which  underlies  its  eroded   plane.      Few  days  pass  by,  but  new  deposits  are 


la 


Thk.  Menomink.k.  Iron  Ranck. 


annuunced  in  localities  likely  as  not  previously  abandoned,  whilst  from  less  prospected 
places,  news  of  fresh  discoveries  is  constantly  joaching  the  towns.  To  systematically 
explore  the  Menominee  Range  would  occupy  an  army  of  experts  until  the  crack  of  doom, 
Hitherto  it  has  been  but  scratched  at,  an  amount  of  work  comparatively  equivalent  to 
that  of  a  years  labor  by  a  lame  chicken  on  a  skating  rink.  That  its  thorough  examina- 
tion will  be  accomplished  by  the  present  generation,  is  an  idea  not  to  be  entertained  for 
a  moment.  That  it  offers  extraordinary  opportunities  to  the  members  of  the  industrial 
world  is  a  self  evident  proposition. 

The  combination  of  circumstances — ^chiefly  as  a  matter  of  fact,  a  combination  of 
conflicting  moneyed  interests,  effecting  the  producer  of  the  ore,  the  shipper,  and  the 
utilizer  of  the  crude  manufacture,  ably  precipitated  by  "strikes" — which  this  current 
year  has  witnessed,  culminating  in  a  declining  market  for  ore  and  a  consequent  decrease 
in  the  prophesied  production  of  iron,  is  a  result  which  has  before  to-day  followed  upon 
similar  conditions.  This  temporary  lull  in  the  markets,  however,  carries  no  moral  with 
it  as  far  as  the  question  of  the  world's  .iccelerating  demand  for  iron  is  concerned,  it 
merely  carries  a  warning,  to  the  trader  to  study  more  closely  those  principles  of  political 
economy  which  should  govern  his  business.  Iron  is  all  right.  It  is  the  kings  of 
finance  who  want  regulating. 

The  per  capita  consumption  of  iron  in  the  United  States  in  i88g,  calculated  on  a 
population  of  64,000,000  was  300  pounds,  or  8,500,000  tons  in  all.  The  product  of  the 
country  for  that  year  was  7,603,642  tons,  a  shortage  in  iron  for  our  own  wants  of  nearly 
one  million  tons.  If  the  consumption  of  iron  in  the  United  State  ■  alone,  continues  to 
increa.se  in  the  same  relative  ratio  to  its  population,  and  in  corresponding  proportion  to 
the  per  capita  increase  during  the  twelve  years  preceding  1889,  then  the  home  consump- 
tion of  iron  as  estimated  by  leading  statisticians  and  based  upon  the  simple  conditions 
governing  similar  forecasts  made  for  previous  periods — subsequently  verified  by  facts — 
will  be  for  the  year  igoo,  instead  of  seven  millions,  over  fourteen  million  tons,  and 
these  figures  are  reached  without  making  any  allowance  for  the  growing  and  more  general 
utilization  of  iron,  or  any  regard  for  the  inevitable  development  of  demand.  Were  this 
feature  taken  into  consideration — and  surely  with  our  knowledge  of  the  new  uses  of 
iron  in  expanding  areas  of  industry,  it  is  imperatively  permissible — fifteen  to  twenty  per 
cent,  might  reasonably  be  added  to  the  sum  of  this  calculation.  In  order  that  you  can 
get  a  good  northwestern  "cinch"  on  these  figures,  I  will  produce  a  key  by  which  their 
reliability  may  be  tested  : 


In  1836  the  product  of  the  United  States  in  net  tons  was  883,137 

1867         •■             "  "             ■•                "            ■•  1,461,626 

1878         "            "  "             '■                "            "  2,577,361 

1889  ••             ■■  "             "                 "             "  8,516,068 

1890  "            "  "            "                "            "  10,307,028 


INCREASB. 

65  per  cent. 
76 
238 
21 


Thk  Mknominek  Iron  Range. 


13 


iss  prospected 
systematically 
;rack  of  doom, 
J  equivalent  to 
High  examina- 
mtertained  for 
the  industrial 

;ombination  of 
ipper,  and  the 
ch  this  current 
quent  decrease 
followed  upon 
,  no  moral  with 
IS  concerned,  it 
jles  of  political 
s  the   kings  of 

calculated  on  a 
product  of  the 
vants  of  nearly 
le,  continues  to 
proportion  to 
lome  consump- 
nple  conditions 
fied  by  facts — 
lion  tons,  and 
more  general 
id.     Were  this 
le  new  uses  of 
n  to  twenty  per 
that  you  can 
by  which  their 

INCREASE. 

65  per  cent. 
76 
>38 
21 


In  igoo  every  known  iron  producing  country  of  both  hemispheres  will  be  canvassed 
to  supply  the  world's  want  of,  say  50,000,000  tons.  In  1889,  the  consumption  of  iron 
throughout  the  whole  globe  was  placed,  in  round  numbers,  at  25,000,000  gross  tons, 
this  to  meet  the  demands  of  1,400,000,000,  of  population.  If  the  increase  in  the  con- 
sumed production  of  iron  in  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  of  iSgo  exceeded  that 
of  the  preceding  twelve  months  by  1,790,960  net  tons,  an  increase  of  over  20  per  cent., 
it  is  within  quite  reasonable  bounds  to  admit  the  value  of  the  previous  statement.  The 
inexhaustible  fields  of  superlative  ore  which  underlie  the  bold  crags  of  the  Menominee, 
will  then  be  taxed  to  solve  the  earth's  problem,  and  her  hills  will  be  vocal  to  the  chorus 
of  the  pick.  A  Michigan  peninsula  which  in  1890  produced  8,104,029  tons  of  iron  ore, 
valued  at  |!25, 000,000,  with  eighty-two  mines,  some  only  partially  developed,  others  only 
in  the  dawn  of  their  development,  should  with  increased  facilities— the  outcome  of  wisely 
invested  capital — supply  her  quota  of  this  compounding  demand,  a  demand  which  allow- 
ing 10  per  cent,  per  annum  for  ten  years  as  additional  to  the  present  ratf  of  consumption 
—the  world  over — would  permit  Menominee,  if  she  held  the  same  relative  position  to  all 
other  iron  ore  producing  districts  that  she  does  to-day,  to  more  than  double  iier  output, 
and  this  without  ta.»ing  into  consideration  the  known  diminishing  production  of  iron 
stone  in  Great  Britain  and  of  certain  other  countries. 

Neither  is  it  only  to  assist  her  in  the  production  of  her  ore,  that  tht'  Menominee 
desires  aid,  but  in  the  no  less  important  matter  of  the  conversion  of  the  raw  product 
into  the  crude,  and  the  crude  into  the  perfected  article.  The  annual  consumption  of 
iron  in  the  Northwestern  States  conveniently  tributary  to  the  Michigan  and  Wisconsin 
iron  fields — and  which  later  must  be  supplied  direct  from  the  points  where  the  assembl- 
ing of  all  the  component  articles  is  the  cheapest — based  upon  a  300  per  capita  allowance 
for  the  population,  should  amount  as  previously  shown  to  about  1,250,000  tons.  Only 
225,537  tons  of  this  were  produced  in  Michigan  last  year.  How  long  is  this  condition 
of  things  going  to  continue.  How  long  is  the  Northwest,  with  the  continental  centre  of 
population  yearly  gravitating  towards  its  higher  latitudes,  going  to  rest  under  the 
imposition  of  double  freights  on  its  raw  exports,  double  in  the  sense  that  the  "con- 
verted" material  has  to  pay  return  freight,  after  its  manipulation  by  eastern  furnace- 
men.  I  submit  full  details  on  this  question  of  freights  vs.  fuel,  elsewhere.  Even  the 
"Solid"  South  with  its  inferior  ores  has  to  seek  Michigan  mines  for  its  tithe  of  true 
mineral  leaven,  without  which  its  lean  products  would  be  unmarketable  for  higher 
purposes.  It  is  not  proposed  that  old  established  industries  should  move  north,  their 
legitimate  territory  of  occupation  needs  them,  but  it  is  urged  that  hesitating  capital  now 
at  rest,  should  be  induced  to  consider  the  business  features  of  this  presentment  of  facts, 
iind  thoroughly  investigate  the  opportunities  the  Menominee  offers  before  throwing  out 
the  industrial  anchor  elsewhere.     And  this  whole  subject  must  be  regarded  from   the 


H 


TiiK  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


broadest  trade  standpoint.  It  is  no  (|uestion  of  sectional  enterprise.  I  submit  it  as  a 
commercial  pe{;  of  national  import,  upon  which  tlie  first  shrewd  member  of  the  congress 
of  finance,  who  dares  to  enter  this  lobby  which  leads  to  the  nation's  strong-L  x,  can 
hang  his  Cardinals  hat. 

Where  are  the  men  who  would  reap  the  benefit  of  this  certain  development  in 
trade  ? 

if******* 

If  I  have  aroused  in  you  who  read,  the  faintest  interest  in  the  "illimitable  possi- 
bilities" of  this  northern  heritage  of  metullic  wealth,  will  you  bear  with  me  a  bit  further 
whilst  1  strive  to  convince  you  that  I  recite  nothing  but  verities,  as  you  follow  me  into 
*     *     *     "a  land  whose  stones  are  iron,  and  out  of  whose  hills  thou  mayest  dig  brass." 

WALTER  R.   NURSEY. 
Iron  Mountain,  Mich.,  Oct.  30,  1891. 


"  Doti  t  you  think  you  had  better  come  /  " 


submit  it  as  a 
f  the  congress 
rong-L    X,  can 

velopnient    in 


rnitable  possi- 
le  a  bit  further 
5II0W  me  into 
St  dig  brass." 

URSEY. 


Miners  En(;ac;ki)  in  Hand   Drim.ino. 
J.   D.  CiJULiF  ANi)  H.   Shields. 


Shakt,  Chapin  Mink,   1878. — Oi.u  Photo. 


|and  botto; 
kith  its  al 
its  harves 
lo  the  sou 
fKuint  its  1 
the  summ 
|[c'et  abov( 
embroider 
iKiimee  lal 
Btreams  is, 


CHAP'IKK    1. 


Tl)e  Aenominee  Reiver  Country. 


.    "^ 


ia«->'-^'^>^-'' 


The  Old  and  the  New. 


H  ROUGH  miles  of 
contracted  courses,  leap 
the  turbulent  waters  of  the 
^,  Menominee.  Leaf^iies  of  con- 
diluent  liquid  highways  swell  this  river's 
turgid  volume. 
yf  Starting  from  the  elevated  divide  which 
separates  the  balancing  flood  that  .seeks 
egress  to  Lake  Superior,  the  (iulf  of 
Mexico  or  Lake  Michigan — the  Hemlock 
'river,  the  Paint,  the  Brule  and  the  Michi- 
gammie  in  turn,  unitedly  pour  the  turmoil 
of  their  brown  waters  into  its  hungry  lap. 
Througii  fastnesses  of  pine  and  hemlock,  rock  and 
ripple,  an  arboretum  of  forest  incense,  profitably  capable 
of  agricultural  development,  where  it  opens  into  savannah 
ind  bottom  lands,  full  of  mineral  wealth  and  rich  in  marketable  lumber,  this  river  drains 
kvith  its  affluents  an  area  of  over  3000  scjuare  miles,  and  at  last  surrenders  its  secrets  and 
Its  harvest  into  the  broad  bosom  of  majestic  Michigan,  three  hundred  meandering  miles 
10  the  southward.  Its  waters  have  a  history,  and  little  wonder  that  the  red  bucks  which 
liaunt  its  trossachs  grow  fat  and  sweet  as  they  champ  its  succulent  vegetation.  From 
liie  summit  of  the  water  shed  on  the  line  of  the  Marquette  and  Ontanagon  railroad,  1186 
jfeet  above  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee,  steal  the  streams,  that  like  silver  tentacles 
Mnbroider  the  woods,  and  discharge  their  boisterous  babble  into  pine  hemmed  Mich- 
Igamee  lake  220  feet  below  the  crest  of  the  divide.  This  reservoir  of  many  highland 
Streams  is,  however,  taxed   beyond  its  capacity  and  discharges  the  bulk  of   its  overflow 


i8 


Tmk  Mknominkk  Iron  Ran(;k. 


into  ono  chief  channel,  which  by  devious  ways,  and  receiving  much  encouragement  from 
many  waywanl  brooks  in  tlie  wilderness,  conducts  the  same  named  water  southward  td 
the  lirule,  when  uniting  forces,  and  with  joint  tributaries,  they  continue  the  noisy  racf 
over  one  right  of  way  until  later  as  they  realize  their  associated  im|  irtance,  and  becom' 
indiscreetly  turbulent,  they  receive  a  check  by  nature,  tund)le  headlong  over  a  graniti 
bench,  and  irretrievably  mixed,  undergo  fresh  baptism  at  the  hands  of  the  hydrographei 
and  henceforth  under  the  married  name  of  Menominee  hurry  seaward,  finally  washing; 
the  golden  beaches,  or  expending  their  wedded  strength  on  the  resonant  cliffs  of  Lak<' 
Michigan. 

To  get  thus  far  it  has  had  to  pass  over  ledges  of  titanic  granite  or  through  scarped 
gulches  less  adamantine,  bored  out  by  the  persistent  efforts  of  accumulated  eras.  Under 
the  sond)re  shades  of  forest  arches,  the  home  of  the  predatory  wolverine — I  refer  to  thi 
animal,  not  the  statesman — by  lawns  of  bright  beaver  meadow  or  through  treacherous 
muskeg,  through  a  country  pregnant  with  pronounced  geological  contradictions,  whicli 
disturb  the  scientist  and  confound  the  explorer,  its  waters  wend  their  obstructed  way, 
and  after  a  succession  of  endeavors  through  compressed  channels,  bearing  with  it  its 
song  of  conquest,  it  penetrates  the  rim  of  the  wilderness,  drowns  all  opposing  barriers 
in  a  drench  of  white  foam,  and  in  a  series  of  cataracts,  which  stand  like  pillars  of 
alabaster  carved  out  of  the  green  thicket,  each  one  of  which  exceeds  its  predecessor  in 
sav  ^e  beauty,  it  reaches  its  downfall,  and  rests  from  endeavor  as  it  tells  the  story  ol 
its  wonders  to  the  listening  slopes  of  pastoral  Green  Bay. 

The  Menominee  Range  of  to-day,  that  is  the  iron  producing  district  which  bears  its 
name,  is  practically  embraced  in  the  belt  of  country,  which  with  a  varying  width  of  from 
twelve  to  twenty-five  miles,  has  its  southeastern  boundary  in  township  39  north,  range 
27  west,  and  its  northwestern  boundary  at  township  43  north,  rangt.  35  west.  Both  of 
these  points  are  in  Michigan.  Its  course,  however,  runs  through  a  portion  of  Florence 
county,  Wisconsin,  south  of  the  rivers  Menominee  and  Brule,  which  successively  form, 
as  far  as  the  range  is  concerned,  the  dividing  line  between  the  two  interested  states.  \ 
Reference  to  the  map  which  faces  this  chapter,  will  make  all  matters  of  local  and  terri- 
torial geography  clear,  and  give  a  correct  idea  of  the  erratic  distribution  of  its  riparian 
features. 

The  first  mention  of  the  discovery  of  iron  ore  in  America  is  credited  to  Thomas 
Harriott,  the  geographer  of  the  second  expedition  to  Virginia,  in  1585,  and  the  first 
shipment  of  ore  followetl  twelve  years  later,  when  on  April  10,  1608,  the  colony  at 
Jamestown  despatched  a  cargo  to  England  from  which  seventeen  tons  of  iron  were 
made  and  sold  to  the  old  East  India  Company  at  twenty  dollars  a  ton.  Upon  the 
attempt  of  these  sime  civilizers  to  construct  furnaces,  or  rather  works,  in  1622,  at 
Falling  Creek  sixty-six  miles  above  Jamestown,  members  of  an  opposing  cult  amongst 
the  resident  red  men  there,  despatched  347  of  their  number.  In  1844  Michigan 
undertook  to  disclose  the  fact  that  she  could  emulate  the  "land  of  cotton,"  for  that 
year  Mr.  Burts  party  of  surveyors  who  were  at  work  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present  town 
site  of  Negaunee,  discovered  through  the  coquetry  of  their  compasses  the  existence  oi 
the  king  of  metals,  and  more  than  verified  the  discoveries  of  Dr.  Houghton  in  1840, 
who  had  then  declared — his  energies  however  being  doubtless  all  directed  towards  tie 
solution  of  the  copper  question — that  though  hematite  ore  was  abundantly  disseminated 


Tick  Mknominkk  Ikon   Ramik. 


»9 


ira^^emeiit  from 
■r  southward  tn 
:  the  noisy  rati 
:c,  and  becDni'    | 

over  a  granitr 
e  hydrographei 
finally  washing 
t  cliffs  of   Lake 

lirough  scarpe<l 
id  eras.  Undt-r 
J — I  refer  to  tlu' 
iigh  treacherous 
idictions,  which 
obstructed  way, 
aring  with  it  its  J 
,)posing  barrier' 
I  like  pillars  of 
i  predecessor  in 
ills  the  story  ot 

t  which  bears  its 
ig  width  of  from 
39  north,  rangt 
west.     Both  of  ] 
ion  of  Florence 
ccessively  form, 
terested  states, 
ocal  and  terri- 
of  its  riparian  | 

ited  to  Thomas' 
and  the  first! 
\,  the  colony  at| 
is   of  iron  were! 
ton.      Upon  the! 
ks,    in   1622,   at 
ig  cult  amongst 
1844    Michigan 
otton,"  for  that 
le  present  townj 
Lhe  existence  of] 
ighton  in  184), 
ed  towards  tie] 
ly  disseminatii 


"through  all  the  rocks  of  the  metamorphic  group,  it  did  not  appear  in  siifficit-nt 
"(juantity  at  any  one  point  that  had  been  examim-d  to  be  of  practical  importance." 
According  to  Major  T.  li.  Hrooks,  (Geological  survey  of  Michigan  1K73)  Mr.  W.  A. 
Hurt,  then  United  States  Deputy  Surveyor,  was  engaged  in  establishing  township  lines, 
and  making  geological  observations,  and  on  the  nineteenth  of  September  while  running 
the  east  line  of  township  47  north,  range  27  west,  he  observeti  by  means  of  the  solar 
compass  "remarkable  variations  in  the  direction  of  the  needle,  amounting  to  H7  degrees 
from  the  normal."  Thus  was  officially  established  the  existence  of  iron  ore  in  the 
Upper  Peninsula.  If  doubt  remained,  it  was  removed  two  years  afterwards,  for  in  1H46 
V.  W.  Kirtland,  E.  S.  Rockwell,  VV.  H.  Mimroe,  and  T.  H.  Hrooks,  members  of  the 
"Jackson  Co.,"  which  had  purchased  a  mineral  location  on  Teal  Lake  at  ^2.50  per  acre, 
returned  from  the  mouth  of  the  Carp  river  with  300  pounds  of  ore  on  their  backs,  which 
in  August  of  the  same  year,  was  converted  at  the  bog  ore  forge  of  Mr.  Olds  at  Cocoosh 
prairie  into  the  first  bar  of  iron  ever  made  from  Michigan  ore.  In  1H50,  Mr.  Crawford 
of  the  Sharon  Iron  Works  at  Newcastle,  Penn.,  shipped  five  tons  of  ore,  which  was 
made  into  blooms  and  rolled  into  bar  iron  at  that  place.  The  product  was  found  to  be 
excellent.  In  1852,  seventy  tons  were  taken  to  Sharon  in  the  same  state,  and  converted 
into  pig,  but  it  was  not,  however,  until  1856  out  of  the  6790  tons  produced  in  the  entire 
peninsula,  that  the  first  regular  shipments  of  ore  commenced,  and  which  amoimted 
during  that  season  to  about  5000  tons.  The  superlative  (juality  of  Lake  Superior  ore, 
exacted  from  thence  onward  the  foremost  industrial  attention. 

In  1840,  Dr.  Douglas  Houghton,  the  earliest  state  geologist,  wrote  the  Hon.  A. 
Porter  that  "ores  of  zinc,  tron  and  manganese  occurred  in  the  vicinity  of  the  south 
"shore  of  Lake  Superior,  but  doubted  whether  either  of  these,  unless  it  were  zinc  and 
"  iron,  was  in  sufficient  abundance  to  prove  of  importance."  It  i?  therefore  probable 
to  quote  Major  Brooks,  "that  up  to  that  date  no  Indian  traditions  worthy  of  credence, 
"in  regard  to  large  deposits  of  iron  ore,  had  come  to  his  knowledge." 

Thus  was  the  first  shot  fired  that  announced  the  peninsula  reign  of  hematite,  and 
later  urged  into  a  confession  of  complicity,  the  adjacent  Menominee,  which  not  even  the 
prostration  of  the  iron  industry  through  the  great  panic  of  1873  was  sufficient  to  retard. 
Though  the  maxim  which  Jeclares  that  "out  of  seeming  evil  is  often  educed  good,"  may 
be  somewhat  trite,  it  is  none  the  less  correct,  for  it  was  out  of  the  financial  troubles  of 
1843 of  the  State  of  Michigan — the  result  of  the  "five  million  loan" — that  the  interrupted 
researches  of  Dr.  Houghton,  which  led  to  the  discoveries  as  related,  were  re-instituted 
partly  through  federal  assistance. 

Meanwhile  the  blue  bastions  of  the  Menominee  slept,  but  continued  to  increase  with 
their  tears  the  red  furrows  which  scarred  their  sides,  and  which  ultimately  helped  to 
reveal  the  wonders  they  for  so  long  had  scrupulously  concealed.  How  long  had  these 
silent  hills  lain  dormant?  How  long  in  stern  submission  to  the  inexorable  command  of 
their  creator  had  they  mutely  bowed  with  unyielding  patience  to  the  divine  will?  Aye! 
how  long!  Let  us  unfold  the  turned  down  pages  of  the  book  of  time  and  scan  for  a 
moment  the  records  of  the  ages. 

Without  attempting  a  comparative  anatomy  of  the  first  books  of  the  Pentateuch, 
with  the  calculations  and  deductions  of  more  profane  writers,  it  is  sufficient  for  our 
purpose  to  remember  that  there  was  a  period  of  remotest  antiquity  when  this  sphere  was 


Thk  Mknominrk  Iron  Ranok. 


in  a  state  of  appallin^  elcinuntary  confiiKion.  The  elements  were  at  iiniverHal  war. 
Earth,  air,  fire  and  water  stni^'^led  for  mastery.  Cohimns  uf  opiKiue  steam,  and  a  p&ll 
of  Cimmerian  smoke,  douhth-ss  sttrroiirKh-d  the  ^dohc  which  hy  the  possihh-  astronomers 
in  the  neighboring'  phinets,  must  have  heeii  ri  ^'arded  with  dire  alarm.  This  sur^in^  sea 
of  mud  cliarged  with  inconceivable  gases,  became  a  celestial  St.  Catherine's  wheel, 
whose  fiery  spouts  are  still  apparent  in  smothered  volcanoes.  Now  heaving,  now 
subsiding,  rock  and  water  fought  for  supremacy,  and  finally,  not  without  long  continued 
strife,  compromis(;d  matters,  by  a  process  of  allotment.  This  heated  controversy  was 
allowed  to  cool  by  mutual  consent,  though  the  result  Wiis  not  an  eipial  division  of  the 
spoils,   for   whilst   terra  firma  secured   a   somewhat   divided  (me-fourth    interest    in   the 


WVWv, 


Paper  Mill,   Lower  Quinnesec  Falls. 

terrestrial  deal,  the  waters  pre-empted  the  entire  remainder,  nearly  140,000,000  square 
miles.  Neither  indeed  were  these  agrarian  rights  secured  at  the  first,  for  the  mountain 
chains  which  to-day  wrinkle  the  face  of  the  land,  and  those  other  elevated  plateaus, 
which  give  scenic  charm  to  the  world's  surface,  have  as  a  matter  of  fact  been  stolen 
from  the  depths,  the  outcome  of  a  triple  alliance  between  earth,  air  and  fire,  and  which 
is  evidenced  to  this  day  in  the  assuaging  of  even  the  very  ocean  in  places,  the  upheaval 
of  mountains  and  the  formation  of  islands.  This  division  after  all  is  not  so  unequal  an 
one  as  it  seems  to  be.  A  few  years  since  the  earth  was  computed  to  weigh  5852  trillions 
of  tons.  The  density  of  the  earth  is  nearly  six  times  that  of  water.  Allowing  for  weai 
and  tear  this  seems  then  to  fairly  balance  the  property  partition.  In  accordance  with  this 
post-diluvian  agreement,  the  organic  substances  composing  the  earth  were  permitted 
slowly  to  mature,  though  this  structural  process  was  of  gradual  formation.  Continent . 
emerged  from  the  bosom  of  the  deep,  and  vegetable  and   mineral  crsations  succeedec 


ThK    MK.NflMINKr    Ikon    HAXIiK. 


ai 


iinivLTHiil  war. 
ail),  aiui  a  pall 
\c  astronomers 
lis  sitr^inK  sea 
uiriiie's  wheel, 

lit-avinn,  now 
lonn  coiUinuetl 
jntroversy  was 

division  of  the 
interest    in   the 


000,000  square 
the  mouutaiii 
ated  plateaus, 
act  been  stolen 
ire,  and  which 
,  the  upheaval 
so  unequal  an 
1  5852  trillions 
wing  for  wear 
dance  with  this 
vere  permitted 
Continent . 
ons  succeedei 


iM(  li  other  during  the  untold  a^es  wliu  li  fullowiil.  j-'nr  a  while  iieher^s  and  KlaciurH 
tiaverseil  the  lowlands  at  their  «)wn  «.we«t  will,  hearing  on  their  brittle  laps.  specimenH 
(if  ^eolony  from  older  or  newer  l.iiids.  wliii  h  with  no  otln  1  possible  object  in  view 
llian  to  pn/./le  the  scientist,  they  permitted  to  slide  at  reckless  random  into  the  shallow 
seas  of  00/e,  or  left  baskiie^  011  the  split  r. imparls  of  i-ternal  hills  a  thoiisaiul  leagues 
away.  Ami  so  the  ai  ciimiil.ited  sediments  ol  the  oceiiii  in  turn  Ix-came  the  metal  bearing 
rocks  of  northern  Michi(;.iii.  This  was  not  ai  i  omplislied,  howevt-r,  without  vigorous 
protest,  and  was  doubtless  lonK  subseipicnt  to  the  period,  when  cycles  of  years  previously 
,1  vast  pond  of  sullen  water  submerged  this  north  land.  whe!\  under  the  jjray  liKht  which 
jiiooded  on  the  d«;<'p,  mariners  of  a  lost  race  tried  for  soundings  in  the  basin  of  the 
Menominee. 

Of  the  i^rvM  ^eolonical  mivs,  tin;  mesozoic,  which  followed  the  carboniferous  era,  is 
till'  period  which  left  a  greater  legacy  of  mineral  wealth  than  any  otlu-r.  This  was 
followed  by  the  tertiary  epoch,  remarkabU;  for  its  development  in  the  animal  and  vege- 
table world,  (ii^antic  mastodons  ranged  throuj^h  forests  of  timber,  not  rivalled  even  by 
the  giants  of  the  Vosemite.  To  this  reign  of  rank  abund.mce,  succeeded  the  nipping 
centuries  of  the  glacial  dynasty,  whose  duration  no  man  knows,  l-'or  untold  time  the 
earth  lay  dead,  not  dormant,  under  a  cerement  of  ice  5000  feet  in  depth,  which  precluded 
the  possibility  of  life  of  any  description.  Snow  whiter  than  porphyry  mantled  the 
universe,  and  audible  silence  wrapped  the  ghost-like  mountains.  The  earth  revolved 
and  sped  through  space,  a  gleaming  and  gigantic  snowball.  The  longest  spell  of  frost 
on  record;  no  January  thaw.  Indeed  I  believe  there  was  no  suspicion  of  a  thaw  for 
over  2,000  years.  Tobogganing  was  in  favor,  and  snow  shoes  at  a  premium.  It  is  the 
earlier  zoic  pc.ioil  however,  in  which  we  are  interested,  for  about  that  time  the  iron 
industry  as  j'ou  may  say,  was  first  established  by  the  torrents  of  hot  steam,  and  rivers 
of  molten  rock,  which  converted  the  interior  of  the  earth  into  furnace  and  crucible  at 
one  and  the  same  time.  And  so  these  subterranean  fires  remained  banked  though  in 
full  operation;  but,  boiling  over,  the  forces  of  this  terrible  gallipot  blew  into  fragments 
the  confining  crust,  and  later  created  with  its  upheaval  the  iron  ranges  of  Superior. 

In  the  written  "Relations"  of  the  Jesuit   Fathers,  who  were   the  first  missionaries 

to  spread  the  evangel  of  the  white  man  amongst  the  red  skinned  pagans  of  old   North 

America,   and  which   writings   cover  a   period  extending  from    the   year    1632  to   1672, 

fre(pient  allusion  is   made  to  the  existence   of  economic  minerals  in   the  region   whose 

coast  is  swept  by  the  tempestuous  billows  of  mighty  Lac  des  Illinois.      Indeed  the  fact 

[that  copper  existed  on  the  pictured  coast  of  south  Superior,  was  published  to  the  outside 

I  world  in   1636  through   a  book   written   by   La  Garde   and  printed  in    Paris.      In   1640 

I'ierre  Boucher  published  at  the  same  capital,  a  small  work  on  the  Lake  Superior  mines. 

I  Whilst   too  much   credit,  so  he   writes,  and  honor  cannot   be  bestowed  upon  the  early 

Jesuit  Missionaries  for  the  practical  results  of  their  exploits,  the  discovery  of  the  copper 

region    was    actually    announced     in    La    Garde's    book,   five    years    previous    to    the 

establishment    of  the    Sault    Ste    Marie    mission,    which    was   accomplished  by   Father 

|Haynbault  and  Ja(jues  in  1641  (Andreas'  History).      In  1666  Claude  AUouez  wrote  that 

among  the  savages  who  frecpiented  the  great  lakes,  pieces  of  copper  twenty  pounds  in 

[weight  were  frequently  found,  "and  helil  by  them  in  superstitious  awe  and  esteemed  by 

jthem  as   domestic  gods. "     In  1668  Jacques  Marquette,  undaunted  as  an  explorer,  and 


22 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


with  no  equal  as  an  evangelist,  exploited  these  wastes  of  wilderness,  and  whilst 
converting  the  restless  Otchipwes  from  their  rude  rituals,  did  not  neglect  to  study  thi' 
riddles  presented  in  the  metallurgy  of  its  forest  floors.  To  quote  a  recent  writer,  "it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  to  the  unremitting  inquisitiveness  of  this  venerable  priest, 
the  northern  portion  of  the  State  of  Michigan  owes  the  debt  due  for  its  primal  and 
practical  discovery."  From  Sault  Ste  Marie  about  this  time.  Father  Marest,  an  active 
successor  to  Hennepin  and  Le  Caron,  wrote  that  "the  country  was  rich  as  Mexico  in 
mines  of  untold  wealth,  witii,  however,  no  one  to  work  them."  In  1672  a  map  was 
published  in  Paris  by  these  indefatigable  Jesuits,  showing  with  considerable  accuracy 
1600  miles  of  coast  line.  In  1689  Baron  La  Houtan  in  his  book  of  travels  described  the 
copper  mines  of  the  peninsula.  In  1721  P.  De  Charlevoix  published  similar  information. 
In  1765  Captain  Jonathan  Carver  brought  the  (piestion  of  mining  to  both  a  focus  and  a 
climacteri:.  A  company  was  formed  in  England,  and  in  1771  commenced  operations 
on  the  banks  of  the  Ontonagon  river,  under  the  management  of  Alexander  Henry. 
The  enterprise  proved  unsuccessful,  work  was  discontinued,  Mr.  Henry  declaring  his 
reason  for  abandoning  the  experiment  that  "the  country  would  have  to  he  cultivated 
and  peopled  before  its  copper  could  be  profitably  mined."  This  same  region  produced 
2,433,743  short  tons  of  copper  ore  last  year  at  a  cost  of  $7,478,828.  But  neither  Captain 
Carver  nor  Mr.  Superintendent  Henry  were  the  earliest  Argonauts,  for  far  away  back 
after  the  building  of  the  original  Eiffel  tower,  known  as  Babel,  Anno — ^not  Domini, 
but — Mundi  1757,  the  confusion  of  tongues  drove  the  gossips  from  Ararat,  some  of 
whose  descendants  profiting  by  the  experience  of  their  ancestors  during  the  deluge,  set 
their  ships  courses,  faced  the  mysteries  of  the  unknown  western  seas,  and — in  tho 
absence  of  a  prohibitive  poll  tax— established  a  new  Mongolian  kingdom  on  the  inviting 
shores  of  western  America.  These  builders,  these  tower  and  mound  builders,  soon 
1  2came  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  enterprise  indigenous  to  western  latitudes. 
Mementos  of  their  industry  remain  to  this  day — practical  legacies  of  skill — in  the  shape 
of  the  ladders,  the  levers,  the  chisels  and  hammer  heads  discovered  by  the  early  French 
explorers  in  the  open  veins  of  the  Michigan  copper  mines,  and  in  the  specimens  of  free 
copper  found  within  their  ancient  tumuli,  and  scattered  throughout  the  entire  northwest. 

The  temptation  is  great  to  follow  up  the  story  of  the  discoveries  and  varyini^ 
development  of  the  minerals  of  this  wonderful  Northland,  and  place  on  record  the 
civilizing  influences  handed  down  to  us  from  our  so-called  savage  precursors.  These 
recitals,  however,  are  intended  to  deal  with  the  living  business  truths  of  to-day.  It  is 
not  to  what  has  been  done,  but  rather  to  what  we  are  doing,  and  to  what — as  inheritors 
of  the  greatest  known  mining  region  of  the  world — we  are  capable  of  doing,  that  the 
attention  of  the  practical  student  of  trade  and  industry  is  now  directed. 

Whilst  you  can  accept  or  reject  this  apocrypha  of  these  early  ages,  as  it  best  pleases 
you,  let  me  present  as  an  alterative  some  hard  ^acts,  solid  as  number  one  blue  hematite, 
mined  from  the  surface  outcrop  of  naked  truth  and  hammered  into  an  unbreakable  bar 
of  actual  realities. 

My  authority  and  base  of  supply  for  the  dates,  quantities,  values  and  computations, 
scattered  through  these  pages,  exists  in  the  printed  or  unwritten   records   of  authorize ! 
enumerators,  supervisors,  inspectors,  the  reports   of  the  government,  and  the  comput; 
tions  of   independent  statisticians,  economists   and   well  known  writers.      Let    me  no  v 


relate  t 
cruditit 
refutati 
It 
old  Me 
voyagei 
establis 
a  colore 
seiisitiv 
is  a  "til 
the  raisi 
iilackmi 
Chippev 
with  fui 
esting. 
existed  i 


This 

instituted 

->f  the  old 

Cut  em,  pe 

I  regions—  ' 

I  the  Menoi 

le  still  liv 

land  Cliarl 

(if  the  surv 

a  hnal  stai 

than  Chap 

[the  vvavini 

liii  1832  CO 


The  Menominkk  Iron  Kance. 


23 


;s,    and   whilst 
t  to  study  tin 
jtit  writer,  "it 
nerable  priest. 
its  primal  and 
rest,  an  active 
as   Mexico  in 
72   a  map   was 
rable  accuracy 
i  described  the 
ar  information, 
a  focus  and  ;i 
ced  operations 
xander   Henry. 
,'  declaring  his 
)  be  cultivated 
jgion  produced 
neither  Captain 
far  away  back 
) — not   Domini, 
irarat,   some  of 
the  deluge,  set 
s,    and — in  the 
on  the  inviting 
builders,   soon 
tern    latitudes, 
1 — in  the  shape 
e  early  Frencli 
cimens  of  free 
tire  northwest. 
s  and  varyim; 
on  record  tin 
Lirsors.     These 
to-day.      It  is 
—as  inheritors 
loing,  that  tin 

it  best  pleases 
Iblue  hematite, 
[breakable   bni 

[computations, 
of  authorize! 
the  computi 
Let    me  no  v 


relate  then  the  story  of  to-day,  and  wliilst  I  beg  your  merciful  criticism  of  pen  and  ink 
crudities,  and  modestly  advance  my  own  personal  conclusions,  I  desire  to  challenge 
refutation  of  all  submitted  facts. 

It  may  interest  our  southern  industrial  rivals  to  know  that  the  first  white  man  in 
iijd  Menominee  county  was  a  negro.  He  reached  the  river  in  company  with  a  Canadian 
voyageur  previous  to  i  79(1,  and  before  the  advent  of  Chappieu,  the  Indian  trader,  who 
established  an  out-post  for  the  American  Fur  Company,  about  that  time.  The  idea  of 
;t  colored  gentleman  being  on  the  stockade,  fence,  or  what  you  will,  irritated  the  extreme 
sensitiveness  of  the  red  skin  regulators,  who  th(Mi  infested  the  shore-lands,  anyway  there 
is  a  "tumuli"  on  the  banks  of  the  Peshtigo  river,  called  "Nigger's  Hill."  Whether 
the  raising  of  this  mound  followed  in  not  unnatural  secpience,  upon  the  raising  of  the 
Mackman's  wool,  I  offer  no  opinion;  I  merely  note  the  circumstance.  Thousands  of  / 
Chippewas  congregated  hereabouts  at  that  time,  and  the  rivers  and  woods  swarming 
with  fm  bearing  animals  and  game,  made  barter  with  Chappieu  and  his  followers  inter- 
esting. His  fort  strongly  palisaded  with  heavy  timbers  to  resist  Indian  attack,  still 
existed  in  the  early  sixties. 


Residence  of  Mr.  John  T.  Jones,  Iron  Mount.ain. 

This  peddler  in  pelts,  this  progressive  exponent  of  that  branch  of  commerce  first 
instituted  by  that  organization  of  "  gentleman  adventurers  of  England  "  under  the  name 
<if  the  old  Hudson  Bay  Company,  whose  trade  ensign  bearing  its  inviting  legend  Pro  pelle 
Ciitem,  penetrated — and  to-day  still  flies  as  I  can  bear  personal  witness  in  remote  Arctic 
regions—  was  a  representative  regenerator.  The  fort  stood  on  the  Wisconsin  bank  of 
tin;  Menominee.  Chappieu  mated  with  a  squaw.  Some  of  his  descendants  are  said  to 
l>e  still  living  about  the  Peshtigo  river  in  the  state  named.  In  1822  William  Farnsworth 
iind  ('harles  Brush,  a  brace  of  alleged  white  men  appeared  upon  the  scene.  The  story 
<if  tlie  survival  of  the  fittest  was  re-enacted,  and  Chappieu,  after  losing  his  property,  made 
;i  final  stand  higher  up  the  stream.  The  new  comers  appeared  to  be  men  of  greater  parts 
than  Chappieu.  They  spread  themselves,  and  extended  their  operations.  They  viewed 
tlie  vvaving  standards  of  the  coniferous  forests,  and  sized  up  the  river's  water  power,  and 
ill  1832  completed  the  first  saw-mill  ever  built  on  the  Menominee.      Its  cutting  capacity 


24 


The  Menominee  Iron  Ranoe. 


was  6,000  to  8,000  feet  daily.  Mark  the  contrast  of  to-day.  The  same  river  which  then 
floated  the  few  sticks  of  timber  into  their  primitive  mill  pond,  now  annually  bears  upon 
its  bosom  past  the  abandoned  dam  site,  over  500  million  feet  of  sawlogs.  In  the  wake 
of  these  enterprising  civilizers  came  John  G.  Kittson,  son  of  a  British  officer  and  clerk 
under  Chappieu,  a  stirring  man,  actively  engaged  in  trading  and  exercising  marked 
influence  over  the  Indians.  Mr.  Kittson  was  the  first  granger  in  the  county,  and 
operated  two  farms  on  the  river,  one  at  Wausaukee  Bend,  and  the  other  at  Chappieu' s 
Rapid.  These  limits  permit  but  mere  mention  of  the  leading  names  connected  with  the 
further  colonizing  of  the  district.  Co-temporary  history,  such  as  it  is,  or  anyway  such  as 
is  accessible,  relates  the  pastoral  story  of  the  loves  of  Bartholomew  Chevaliere,  with  the 
daughter  of  Waubaushesh,  a  Menominee  chief,  whose  assignations  in  the  bosky  coverts 
of  primeval  glades  were  later  published  in  material  form  in  the  flaxen  flecked  locks  of  a 
less  brown  skinned  odalisque,  their  joint  daughter  Marinette,  who  subsequently  became 
the  wife  of  John  B.  Jacobs,  and  afterwards  the  faithful  spouseof  one,  William  Farnsworth. 
Their  seed  multiplied  as  the  sand  upon  the  sea  shore,  and  the  town  of  Marinette,  Wis., 
the  scene  of  their  honeymoon,  remains  and  flourishes  in  order  to  perpetuate  these  facts. 

The  majority  of  the  early  settlers  about  this  time  reached  Green  Bay  from  Canada. 
They  set  sail  in  their  primitive  but  staunch  batteaux,  ascending  the  mighty  St. 
Lawrence,  whose  terraced  woodlands  smiled  on  this  hegira  of  hardy  explorers.  Poling 
and  portaging  up  these  tortuous  torrents,  in  the  trackless  footsteps  of  the  still  earlier 
Iroquois  voyageurs  who  had  led  Frontenac  and  De  Salaberry  to  fresh  fields  of  pacific 
conquest,  this  vanguard  of  colonization  fought  its  way.  They  crossed  Ontario's  steel 
blue  flood,  stemmed  the  turbid  tides  of  Niagara,  portaging  above  the  great  fall  and  the 
Chippewa  rapids  into  ever  tempestuous  Erie,  thence  by  the  Detroit  river  and  Lake 
St.  Clair  they  reached  the  footstool  of  Huron's  sombre  sea,  580  feet  above  their  starting 
point.  Undaunted,  they  breasted  its  angry  waters,  and  laughing  at  the  chops  of  the 
Mackinaw  channel,  left  Michillimacinac  a  purple  pyramid  on  their  starboard,  and 
challenged  the  yet  more  boisterous  breakers,  which  turn  to  yeast  the  black  expanse  of 
restless  Michigan,  before  they  sought  shelter  from  tempest  and  pilgrimage  in  the  less 
menacing  harbors  of  peaceful  Green  Bay.  The  voyage  occupied  several  months.  Its 
dangers  and  hardships  can  be  estimated. 

About  this  time  the  entire  population  of  the  whole  Territory  of  Michigan  was  only 
some  25,000.     The  Indians  were  peaceable  and  indeed  soon  commenced  to  drift  into 
even  bucolic  ways.     The  river  teemed  with  sturgeon  and  the  bay  with  whitefish,  and 
here  at  the  emptying  place  of  the  broad  stream,   Menominees  and  Chippewas,  with 
tomahawks  rusty  with  peace,  speared  and  netted  the  glittering  fishes.      In  the  gloaming^ 
of  summer  evenings  their  villages  were  bowers  of  picturesqueness.     Glimpses  of  salmon 
colored  birch  bark  tepees  peeped  from  the  green  arbors  of  hemlock.     Countless  canoes 
lined  the  rush  grown  beach,  whilst  canopied  under  the  white  limbed  balm  of  Gileads.| 
and  brown  boled  balsams,  scores  of  bistre  shaded  wigwams  stood  out  on  the  edge  o:| 
the  forest.     Later  these  woods  would  echo  to  the  sound  of  aboriginal  rr3rry  making 
Great  pillars  of  bannocks  and  damper  smoked   before  the  many  camp  fires.     Huge; 
copper  kettles  steamed  furiously,  filled  to  the  full  with  junks  of  venison  and  perhaps  pork 
stewing  in  the  bouillon.      The  aroma  of  fragrant  tea  arose  from  a  host  of  smaller  vessels 
Piles  of  pancakes,  reeking  and  pungent  with  sturgeon  oil,  stood  in  greasy  columns  itj 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range, 


25 


^er  which  then 
Uy  bears  upon 
In  the  wake 
fficer  and  clerk 
cising   marked 
,6  county,   and 
at  Chappieu's 
lected  with  the 
anyway  such  as 
aliere,  with  the 
e  bosky  coverts 
eked  locks  of  a 
juently  became 
im  Farnsworth. 
[arinette,  Wis., 
late  these  facts. 
y  from  Canada, 
he    mighty    St. 
)lorers.     Poling 
the   still  earlier 
fields  of  pacific 
Ontario's  stee 
reat  fall  and  the  ] 
river  and  Lake 
e  their  starting 
he  chops  of  the  j 
starboard,   and 
lack  expanse  of 

?ge  in  the  less^ 
al  months.      Its ; 


:higan  was  only 
;ed  to  drift  into 
|h  whitefish,  and 
;hippewas,  witbi 
I  In  the  gloamin 

ipses  of  salmoiij 
;ountless  canoe^^ 
)alm  of  Gileads,; 

on  the  edge  0:^ 

rr^rry  makings 
ip  fires.     Huge' 
|id  perhaps  poi  k 

smaller  vessels - 
leasy  columns  iii 


warm  proximity  to  the  heat,  whilst  crisping  in  the  glowing  embers  red-Heshed  trout,  and 
plump  whitefish  sputtered  temptingly.  Round  and  about  would  flit  a  squad  of  busy 
old  wives,  perfect  mistresses  of  the  situation,  brought  out  into  bold  prominence  by  the 
lurid  glare  of  forked  flames — their  bizarre  costumes  and  accentuated  features  forming  a 
study.  With  wooden  spoons  they  would  visit  the  bubbling  cauldrons  and  stir  the  surging 
contents,  and  throw  armfuls  of  sweet  scented  cedar  wood  upon  the  consuming  fires. 
Round  and  about  would  lounge  the  ravenous  head-men  appeasing  their  cry  of 
" ducJiayfaymin,"  (we  are  hungry)  with  the  inevitable  pipe,  rank  with  willow  weed, 
whilst  further  apart  the  young  bucks,  a  blanketed  circle,  would  kill  time  with  Indian 
"monte"  or  the  "game  of  the  bowl,"  discuss  projected  barter  with  the  crimson  shirted 
voyageurs,  or  under  shadow  of  the  juniper  trees  arrange  for  trysts  later  on  with  the 
younger  women  of  the  tribe,  whose  native  chic,  purple  black  hair,  milk-white  teeth  and 
winning  ways,  if  somewhat  wanton,  foretold  surrender.  The  Michigan  Indian 
womenkind  as  a  rule,  are  not  a  delectable  lot.  When  young — very  young — before 
exposure,  greasy  pigments  and  the  consequences  of  maternity  had  done  their  work, 
there  were  some  not  altogether  unattractive.  Their  complexions  covered  a  wide  range, 
from  dead  pale  olive  to  dark  dingy  brown,  but  it  was  the  combination  of  the  former 
with  dusky  carmine,  that  presented  any  real  beauty.  Some  of  these  belles  at  the 
Menominee  had  large  languishing  eyes,  ver-  tender  and  lustrous,  and  which  they  had 
acquired  the  art  of  using  to  perfection.  Their  long  black  hair  would  be  spread  upon  a 
flat  head  and  low  broad  brow,  and  carried  behind,  would  end  in  a  snake-like  coil  of 
plaits,  hanging  half  way  down  the  back,  and  whipped  about  with  colored  ribbons  like  a 
mare's  tail  at  a  country  fair.  There  was  but  little  grace  in  the  figure,  the  development 
being  too  redundant,  and  not  improved  by  a  loose  magenta  colored  bodice.  A  bright 
parti-colored  shawl  helped  to  hide  the  roundness  of  shoulders,  whilst  a  skirt,  short  to 
the  knees,  would  display  a  pair  of  broad  bead-worked  garters,  strapped  round  blue 
cloih  leggings,  ablaze  with  the  glitter  of  glass,  about  the  concealment  of  which  no 
anxiety  seemed  to  be  betrayed.  Full  of  humor,  laughter  would  follow  even  the 
implication  of  a  joke,  and  then  the  broad  and  visible  expanses  of  gray  brown  bosoms 
would  set  the  torques  of  brass  which  rested  on  their  surface,  in  clinking  motion,  and 
rouse  the  echoes  of  the  woods. 

From  the  time  of  the  first  Indian  Treaty  negotiated  by  Lieut. -Governor  St.  Clair 
of  Upper  Canada,  in  1781,  to  the  Treaty  of  Detroit,  1835,  various  treaties  have  been 
saccessfully  carried  out  with  the  Indians  of  the  upper  Peninsula,  with  cession  of  territory 
and  extinguishment  of  titles.  Mixed  marriages,  war  and  pestilence,  have  planted, 
however,  their  inevitable  check  upon  the  red  man's  desire  to  "survive  extinction."  Tn 
1 81 2,  of  warriors  alone,  there  were  in  the  northwest  8,390,  besides  33,000  women  and 
children.  In  1884  there  were  about  6,900  Indians  all  told,  in  all  Michigan,  207  of 
whom  resided  in  the  county  of  Menominee.  This  is  the  dark  side  of  the  medal 
representing  the  savage  and  uncivilized  era;  what  does  the  reverse  show?  In  1810  the 
white  population  of  all  Michigan  was  but  4528.  In  1890  it  was  2,089,792.  It  has 
increased  at  the  rate  of  about  28  per  cent,  in  the  last  decade.  To-day  in  Menominee 
County  alone,  previous  to  its  partition  into  Dickinson  County — of  which  more  hereafter- 
it  stands  at  33,939  souls.  These  figures  present  an  interesting  text  for  the  ethnologist, 
and  a  wonderful  commentary  on  the  civilizing  efforts  of  the  earliest  settlers,  and  the 


26 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


industrial  trade  which  followed  the  planting  of  the  flag.  The  entire  Indian  population 
of  the  whole  country  including  Alaska,  barely  exceeds  300,000  at  the  present  time. 

Andrew  Gosland,  John  Quimby,  Baptiste  Premeau,  Moses  Hardwick  and  others 
also  imparted  vigor  into  the  early  history  of  the  district,  and  prepared  the  way  for  the 
more  material  men  of  might,  who  with  the  pacific  outfit  of  modern  equipments,  ere  long 
attacked  the  pine  clad  buttresses  of  the  Menominee,  and  whilst  the  air  became  filled  with 
the  music  of  the  woodman's  axe  and  the  song  of  flying  chips,  the  monarchs  of  the  forest 
bowed  their  tufted  heads,  and  through  the  long  avenues  thus  opened,  the  light  of 
knowledge  penetrated;  a  gathering  flood  of  commercial  sunshine  invaded  the  valleys  and 
ascended  the  slopes,  later  to  reveal  the  mysteries  and  unspeakable  riches  of  Michigan's 
irondom. 

The  most  important  factors  at  this  time,  in  1856,  and  in  this  direction,  were  the 
lumbering  companies  organized  and  the  mills  operated  by  the  Fowlers  and  Hosmers,  the 
Wells  Bros.,  Jesse  Spalding  and  H.  H.  Porter,  the  two  last  named  incorporating  their 


A  Log  Jam  on  the  Paint  River. 

venture  in  1872  under  the  name  of  the  Menominee  River  Lumber  Co.  The  same  year, 
the  great  Ludington  combination  also  erected  their  first  mill  at  Mission  Point  at 
Marinette.  Nelson  Ludington  of  Chicago,  Harrison  Ludington,  afterwards  Governor  of 
Wisconsin,  and  Daniel  Wells  of  Milwaukee,  and  subsequentl}',  in  1858,  Isaac  Stephenson, 
being  the  chief  promoters.  In  1863,  this  corporation,  or  rather  certain  members  of  it, 
reorganized,  Mr.  Van  Schaick  securing  an  interest.  With  some  changes  in  their  personel 
all  of  these  last  named  companies  still  remain  kings  of  the  industry.  The  members  of 
the  old  Kirby-Carpenter  company  also  organized  in  1856,  and  still  retain  their  rank 
amongst  the  leaders  of  the  lumber  barons  of  the  continent.  About  this  time  the  number 
of  saw  mills  in  all  Michigan  was  placed  at  sixty-one,  with  an  annual  product  of 
108,000,000  feet.  Ninety  per  cent,  of  this,  however,  was  cut  in  the  Saginaw  District. 
The  value  of  the  cut  in  1879  had  increased  to  ;J6o,ooo,ooo,  whilst  the  amount  sawed  had 
reached  3,100,000,000  feet.  Ten  j'ears  later  the  lumber  cut  of  Michigan  had  swelled  to 
4,207,741,224  feet,  exclusive  of  2,469,878  750  shingles.  Of  this  the  Menominee  River 
District  furnished  533,968,172  feet  of  lumber  and  195,767,000  shingles.  Truly  tli  ■ 
banner  range  of  the  Upper  Peninsula  is  pregnant  with  vast  trade  possibilities! 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


2; 


lian  populaiion 
lent  time, 
ick  and  others 
the  way  for  the 
nents,  ere  long 
:ame  filled  with 
hs  of  the  forest 
d,  the  light  of 
the  valleys  and 
5  of  Michigan's 

ction,  were  the 
d  Hosmers,  the 
Drporating  their 


The  same  year, 

ission    Point    at 

ds  Governor  of 

lac  Stephenson. 

members  of  it. 

n  their  personel 

he  men'bers  of 

tain   their  rank 

me  the  number 

ual    product   of 

ginaw  District. 

unt  sawed  had 

had  swelled  tn 

nominee   River 

;s.       Truly    the 

lities! 


In  1863,  but  twenty-six  short  years  after  the  admission  of  the  state,  the  old  county 
of  Menominee  was  organized.  The  men  at  this  time,  who  were  foremost  in  securing 
the  necessary  legislation,  and  who  were  closely  identified  with  its  creation,  were 
E.  S.  Ingalls,  who  engineered  the  passage  of  the  act  of  organization;  John  Quimby, 
Salmon  P.  Saxton,  J.  R.  Brooks,  S.  M.  Stephenson,  and  James  S.  Pendall,  the  then 
district  member.  The  Hon.  Daniel  Goodwin  was  the  first  judge  of  this,  the  eleventh 
judicial  circuit.  From  the  date  of  the  consummation  of  this  important  event,  the 
development  of  the  range  lands  proceeded  with  startling  leaps  of  progress. 

The  Menominee,  however,  had  yet  to  receive  its  baptism  of  adversity,  and  it 
arrived  on  the  wings  of  the  October  wind  in  1871.  During  that  summer  the  dog  days 
had  come  and  departed  with  sirocco-like  gales.  Fcr  five  burning  months  no  drop  of 
rain  had  fallen;  valley  and  height  lay  pulsating  under  the  unbroken  scorch  of  sunbeams. 
I  he  streams  all  but  ran  dry.  The  jwamps  became  like  so  much  sponge.  Water  was 
with  difficulty  obtained.  The  dead  leaves  in  the  forest  were  literal  tinder;  the  fallen 
branches  were  the  match- wood.  No  such  "spell"  had  been  experienced  for  years. 
The  peninsula  panted.  On  the  evening  of  October  8th,  the  fi^es  which  had  been 
smouldering  for  some  little  time,  but  which  had  occasioned  no  particular  uneasiness, 
were  suddenly  fanned  into  fury  by  a  wild  wind  which  developed  into  a  tornado.  From 
Oconto,  Wisconsin,  the  flames  were  driven  towards  Peshtigo,  a  swath  of  fire  twelve 
miles  in  width,  consuming  everything  in  its  path.  Smoking  ruins  and  the  charred 
remains  of  human  beings  and  animals  alone  being  left  as  mute  witnesses  of  once  pros- 
perous homesteads.  Peshtigo  was  reached  at  eight  o'clock;  one  short  hour  later  the 
village  was  in  ashes.  Hundreds  of  men,  women  and  children  were  lost  in  this  holocaust. 
.\t  nine  o'clock  it  was  a  gray  waste,  a  very  cemetery  of  cremation.  Half  an  hour  later, 
the  banks  of  the  Menominee  were  swept.  The  village  of  Menekaunee  went  up  in  fire; 
the  intruder  leapt  the  river  and  reduced  Gilmore's  mill  to  first  principles.  A  mile  north 
of  the  town  the  river  was  again  crossed,  and  another  160  square  miles  of  partial  civili- 
zation was  burned.  Hospitals  were  erected,  search  parties  organized,  and  the  dying  and 
the  dead  recovered  and  removed.  Of  the  terrors  and  the  anguish  uf  that  night,  the 
harrowing  details  are  best  left  unwritten.  The  sum  of  the  calamity  may  be  understood 
when  the  following  fact  is  realized.  Within  four  hours  the  fires  swept  over  an  area  of 
nearly  400  square  miles,  and  over  1,200  persons  perished  in  the  flames. 

The  law  of  compensation  is  an  universal  one.  Crushing  disasters,  whether  personal, 
local,  or  national  in  their  effect,  are  invariably  succeeded  by  a  corresponding  measure  of 
prosperity.  An  all-wise  creator,  in  imposing  misfortunes,  seldom  refrains  from  equalizing 
the  trouble,  by  subsequent  and  equivalent  blessings.  If  the  region  1  write  of — I  speak 
not  of  the  human  sacrifice — had  been  compelled  to  surrender  at  loss  the  value  of  its 
forests,  was  not  the  divulgement  of  its  mineral  wealth,  which  occurred  about  this  time, 
a  beneficent  trade  compensation.  Hitherto  divine  command  had  denied  access  to  the 
master-key  of  Menominee's  greatness.  The  sesame,  which  for  so  long  had  remained 
unspoken,  was  at  last  pronounced,  and  with  the  advent  of  the  '70's,  the  bolts  com- 
menced to  he  withdrawn  which  were  to  disclose  the  vast  vaults  that  contained  the  true 
ferruginous  treasury  of  the  western  world. 


w 


O 


> 

Q 


Th( 
the  yeai 
half-bre 
western 
by  the  p 
Spe 
more  the 
I  of  ore  d( 
in  the  cc 
I  ear  of  F; 
I  to    four 
whispere 
nierchan 
Cleveland 
exceptioi 
with  varj 
made,  an 
primitive 
day  time. 

(claimed  1 
ready  to 
These  dii 
'  asserts,  ' 
j  could  not 
'  Forei 

j  Breitung, 
I  sxploratio 
^  i\as  unren 
^  J'liiipped  ' 
pumen,  p 
|iiformatio 
awnships 


CHAPTER    II. 


TI)e  Aenominee  Iron  Kange. 


Dl.scovcrv  ^nd  Devetopmcnt. 

The  mountain  solitudes  of  the  Menominee,  as  has  already  been  related,  had  up  to 
the  year  1870,  been  disturbed  only  by  the  raids  of  the  pine  cruiser,  the  canzonet  of  the 
half-breed  batteaux  man,  and  the  metallic  clip  of  the  woodman's  axe,  and  the  further 
western  exploiting  of  these  rude  spirits  had  been  barred  solely  by  the  cataracts  created 
by  the  precipices  at  Bequinnesec. 

Speculation  without  being  rife,  had  yet  existed  in  a  passive  form  in  the  minds  of  the 

more  thoughtful  of  the  older  settlers,  as  to  the  not  improbable  possibility,  of  the  existence 

of  ore  deposits  similar  to  those  discovered,  and  already  worked  to  intermittent  advantage 

in  the  county  of  Marquette.     So  far  back  as  1866,  Indians  had  poured  into  the  wondering 

ear  of  Father  Bourion  stories  of  the  great  fields  of  iron,  that  flanked  the  river  only  three 

to   four   days   journey  from   its  mouth,    and   these  travellers'    tales  had   in  turn  been 

whispered   into  the   more  practically  alert  ears  of  Edward    Breitung,    then   a  general 

merchant  in  the  village  of  Negaunee.      On  the  Superior  slope  up  to  1864  the  Jackson, 

[Cleveland   and  Lake   Superior  were   the   only  mines   in   operation,    and  they   with   the 

[exception  of  the  Jackson,  whose  hiitory  has  already  been  sketched,  had  been  producing 

Iwith  varying   degrees  of   success  ever  since   1854,  with  no  new   discoveries  having  been 

Imade,  and  these,  according   to   Father  Bourion,  had   been   worked  chiefly  in  the  most 

Iprimitive  way  "  in  open  pits,  where  only  few  men  could  labor  with  advantage,  and  only  in 

Iday  time."     These  mines   "  had  worked  scarcely   six  years,  when  captains   and  miners 

|claimed  that  they  were   nearly  exhausted,  and  the  few  discouraged  settlers  were  getting 

ready  to  abandon  the  ungrateful  field  which  did  not  promise  anything  but  starvation." 

•iThese  discouraging   reports   were  not  believed  by   all,    for  as  my  friend   Pere  Bourion 

|asserts,    "there  were   those  amongst  the  most  intelligent  part  of  the  community,   who 

:ould  not  but  realize,  that  in  the  course  of  time,  new  mines  would  be  discovered." 

Foremost  among  the  limited  few  who  shared  in  this  belief,  was  the  Hon.  Edward 
I^reitung,  who — whilst  the  owners  of  the  existing  mines  not  only  refrained  from  further 
explorations,  but  seemed  apathetic   about  the  further  development  of  their  properties — 
as  unremittingly  active   in   his   investigations,  always   having  at   hand  a  band  of  well- 
quipped  explorers  available  for  the  field  at  any  moment.      Stirred  by  the  reports  of  the 
[tumen,  priest  and  trader   studied  the   map  of   Michigan,  and   judging  from  the  meagre 
Information  furnished,  if  true,  concluded  that  the  deposits  were  located  in  range  29  or  30, 
)wnships  40 "or  41.     Subsequent  discoveries  proved  the  correctness  of  these  surmises. 


30 


Thk  Mknominf.k  Iron  Ran(;k. 


At  tl\is  tmu",  however,  all  ot  Mr.  Breitung's  eiierf^ies  were  concentrated  on  tin 
development  of  the  old  Washington  (the  present  Hnnibolt)  mine,  and  in  exploring  tin 
spot  on  which  tlie  great  Republic  now  stands. 

In  i8()(),  Thomas  and  Hartley  lireen,  of  the  town  of  Menominee,  located  a  "mine' 
bearing  their  surname,  on  section  22,  township  39,  range  2S.  No  further  explorations 
however  were  proceeded  with  until  1870,  when  the  fee  of  the  property,  consisting  ol 
three  "forties,"  having  passed  into  the  hands  ot  the  discoverers  and  Judge  Ingalls  and 
S.  I'.  Saxton,  the  latter  commenced  the  first  active  mining  operations  recorded  in  tlic 
region  by  sinking  several  test  pits  and  cutting  two  long  trenches  across  the  formation. 
Tiiis  deposit  outcropped  adjacent  to  the  present  railway  station  at  VVaucedah. 

A  lull  in  operations  in  18  o  permitted  revived  attention  to  be  directed  Menominer 
wards  and  John  N.  Armstrong,  an  old   woodsman   and   explorer,  was  sent   to   prospect 
upon  the  new  range,  and  examine  and  take  up  lands  for  Mr.  Breitnng.      Acting  upon  the 


information  thus  ac- 
secured  part  of  sec- 
range  29.  At  about 
C'lrry,  anothei  ex- 
river  and  instituted  a 
suspected  mineral, 
ers  it  was  learned — 
Whitehead,  one  of 
on  the  range — "that 
ore  was  in  place  but 
ever  likely  to  come 
Active  operations, 
in  abeyance.  The 
was  purely  tentative 
itive,  and  it  was  not 
specimens  of  the  ore 
of  the  Hon.  Harrison 


Dr.  Nelson    V.   Hulst. 


quired,  Mr.  Breitun^; 
tion  10,  township  39, 
the  same  time  S.  D. 
plorer,  ascended  the 
similar  search  for  the 
From  these  adventur 
so  writes  Mr.  Lew 
the  earliest  settlers 
a  banded  ferruginous 
that  little  good  was 
of  it." 

however, yet  remained 
work  of  Mr.  Saxton 
and  completely  prim 
until  1872,  when  sonif 
had  reached  the  hands 
Ludington,  then  Gov 


': 


ihc  ell 

[x'ints 

He  or( 

jH)int 

uliere, 

went,  i 

lie  disc 

terizes 

iiiterpr 

linanci; 

left  evi 

ixpert^ 

.As   a   r 


ernor  of  Wisconsin,  and  had  by  him  been  brought  to  Milwaukee  for  purposes  ot 
analysis,  and  submitted  to  Dr.  Nelson  P.  Hulst,  chemist  for  the  Milwaukee  Iron 
Company,  that  the  business  attention  of  representative  iron  men  was  drawn  to  the  mineral 
resources  of  the  range.  The  result  of  this  examination  proving  beyond  question  the 
high  quality  of  the  product  as  tested,  the  company  decided  to  proceed  with  the  thorough 
exploration  of  the  country,  and  to  this  end  the  services  of  Dr.  Hulst — who  was  vesttd 
with  plenipotentiary  powers — were  secured.  So  with  proper  regard  for  the  eternal 
fitness  of  things,  the  expert  who  had  put  to  crucial  test  the  latent  virtues  of  the  specimeiib 
as  submitted,  was  further  entrusted  with  the  responsibility  of  determining  the  commercial 
value  of  the  alleged  ore  beds  of  the  new  Menominee.  In  explanation  of  the  doctor's 
peculiar  qualifications,  it  might  be  mentioned  that  he  was  a  graduate  of  Yale,  and  of  the 
class  of  1870  of  the  Scientific  School  of  Mining  Engineers. 

In  pursuance  of  this  far-sighted  policy  on  the  part  of  the  Milwaukee  Iron  Company. 
Mr.  Hulst  departed  for  the  wilderness  in  the  month  of  June  of  the  same  year,  acting 
under  the  instructions  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Hagerman,  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Van  Dyke  of  Milwaukee, 


i^aphaej 
range, 
consequt 
attention 
geograpl 
In  tl 
— part  t 
explorerj 
developn 
on  the  ra 
dedicatee 
related  tc 

"To 
Ithein  by  t 


THK.    Ml'.NOMINKF,    IkON    RaNP.E. 


31 


trated    011    tin 
1  rxploriiiK'  tin 

iteil  a  "mine' 
jr  explorations 
y,  consisting  ol 
Ige  Ingalls  and 
recorded  in  tin 
;  the  formation, 
edali. 

ed  Menominei 
3nt  to   prospect 
Acting  upon  the 
i,   Mr.   Breitun^; 
o,  township  31). 
ame  time   S.  1>. 
r,    ascended   tin 
ir  search  for  the 
I  these  adventui 
•rites    Mr.     Lew 
earliest     settlers 
uled  ferruginous 
little    good    was 

ver,  yet  remained   ! 
of    Mr.    Saxton 
ompletely  prim 
1872,  when  sonic 
leached  the  hands 
|ngton,  then  Gov 
[for    purposes  oi 
iMilwaukee    Iron 
n  to  the  mineral 
nd   question  the 
ith  the  thorough 
who  was  vestfi^l 
for  the  eternal 


ihc  chief  promoters  of  the  corporation  naineil.  1  Ic  visited  llic  itrfi-n  location  and  other 
puiiils,  anil  returned  to  headipiarters  fully  satislieil  with  the  results  of  his  investigations, 
lie  organized  a  working  i>arty,  and  in  the  following  October  re  visited  the  same  objective 
point  with  a  force  of  seventy  men,  sank  test  pits  on  the  Waucedah  property  and  else- 
where, and  worked  west  and  north  to  I'elch  Mountain,  prospecting  and  exploring  as  he 
went,  and  building  supply  roads  into  otherwise  inaccessible  places.  Duritig  this  period 
lie  discovered  the  Vulcan  mines,  where  the  typical  blue  soft  hematite,  which  charac- 
terizes the  product  of  the  range,  was  fotmd  in  abundance,  and  was  thus  employed  in 
interpreting  the  hieroglyphics  of  these  dull  escarpments,  until  1H73,  when  the  memorable 
(inancial  panic  descended  like  a  bolt  out  of  a  clear  sky,  burked  further  speculations,  and 
lift  everything  at  a  standstill  until  1876.  At  this  time  every  pine  cruiser  was  a  mineral 
expert-  in  his  mind  though  not  one  in  twenty  could  tell  "trap  rock"  from  "iron  ore." 
As   a   matter   of    fact,  however,  with   the   exception  of    Dr.    Ilulst,  Mr.  liuell  and    Mr. 


Vui.cAN  Hotel. 


Raphael  Pumpelli,  there  were  but  one  or  two  other  scienrea  explorers  on  the  entire 
range.  Reports  as  to  its  extraordinary  mineral  wealth  soon  came  to  be  circulated,  as  a 
consequence  of  these  observations  of  professional  and  amateur  mineralogists,  and  the 
attention  of  the  outside  world  of  iron  was  soon  riveted  on  the  rufous  rocks,  which, 
geographically  speaking,  trended  west  by  north  from  isolated  Waucedah. 

In  these  first  days  of  exploration  no  one  played  a  more  important — if  less  prominent 
-part   than  did    Mr.    Lewis  Whitehead,  engaged   by  Dr.  Hidst  as  chief  of   a  party   of 
explorers,  and  who  left   Negaunee   on  the   i8th   of   September,  1872,    for   the   scene  of 
development.      In  the  back  parlor  of  the  old  fashioned  Vulcan  Hotel,  the  first  rest  house 
f  the  specimens   a,,,^  ^j^^  range,  and  a  very  haven  of  ease  for  the  weary  exploiter — a  sketch  of  which  is  here 
thecommerci.il   1  dedicated  to  all  old-timers,  and  submitted  as  a  memento  of  early  days — Mr.  Whitehead 


of   the   doctor^^  j 
I  Yale,  and  of  the  ^ 

Iron  Company.  , 
ime  year,  acting 
ce  of  Milwaukee, 


related  to  the  writer,  a  few  weeks  since,  the  tale  of  his  experiences. 

Mr.  Whitehead's  Story. 

"To  begin  operations,"  said  my  host,  "I  hired  twelve  men  at  Negaunee  and  took 
them  by  tug  boat  from  Escr  ^iba  to  Menominee,  thence  by  road  up  the  river  for  sixty 
miles,  to  the  property  then  '  lown  as  the  Breen  mine.     We  arrived  there  September  23d, 


32 


TiiK   Mknominkk   Iron   Kanck. 


aiul  louiul  a  camp  already  prepared,  lar^i'  enough  to  acioiiiiiKidate  twenty  iiiuii.  ()t  the 
few  pits  sunk  at  that  time  one  was  in  iuown  hematite.  On  Ni)Vemi)t;r  ist,  wc;  ceased 
our  exph>rations  for  a  time,  h-avinp;  a  sliowinj;  of  hrown  hematite  one  hundred  (eel 
wiiU>  luirtli  and  south,  aitliouj^h  tlic  pits  ('xposed  jas|)er  anti  <piart/  mixed,  ah)nf^  the  hell 
for  three-fourtlis  of  a  mile.  At  this  time  tlie  rijjht  t)f  w.iy  (or  the  hrancli  hne  of  thi 
("liicafjo  iV  Northwestern  railway  liad  Iuh'U  cut  out  two  tliirds  of  the  Wiiy  (rom  Towers 
on  th«'  main  hne  ol  the  Peninsula  division  to  the  ilreen,  aiul  can\|)s  constructed,  but  tin 
work  was  discontinued  and  the  camps  were  hurned  the  following'  summer. 

In  1S7J,  Dr.  N.  V.  llulstand  Dr.  Creiiner — the  latter  of  whom  originally  visited 
the  district  in  !<S()7  had  camped  on  section  10,  township  jij,  ran^e  H),  anil  had  done 
some  test  pitting;,  which  resulted  in  one  of  the  i>its  between  sections  i)  and  10,  showinn 
blue  hematite.  On  Octol)er  15th,  1  marked  a  tree  near  the  pres(!nt  Vulcan  depot,  and 
bej^an  the  erection  of  cam])s  for  forty  men.  At  the  sahie  time  a  supply  ronJ  was  cut  to 
the    Hreen    mine,  t)ver   which   the  men  were  brout^ht  to  lireitung,  as  the  camp  was  then    1 


called.  A  road  was  also 
Sturgeon  river,  the  New 
to  my  surprise  I  found 
to  the  Menominee  River 
who  was  in  charge,  had  his 
Across  the  river  in  VVis- 
had  commenced  a  clearing, 
woman,  and  was  engaged 
now  brought  direct  from 
and  an  extensive  explora- 
along  the  range.  Portions 
township  39,  range  29,  were 
drifts.  In  mining,  the  old 
with  black  powder,  was 
shores  of  Green  Baj'.  Gly- 
was  little  used  at  that  time, 


i-^  A/j*' 


Mr.   Lew  Wiuteiieaii. 


cut  to  the  mouth  of  the 
York  farm  of  to-day  where 
a  logging  camp  belonging 
Lumber  Co.  Mr.  Rice, 
wife  and  family  with  him, 
consin,  Mr.  I'at  Mullins 
He  had  married  an  Indian 
in  trading.  Supplies  were 
Menominee  to  Preitung, 
tion  for  ore  could  be  begmi 
of  sections  6,  9,  10  and  11, 
explored  by  pits,  shafts  and 
clay  bar  used  for  wet  holes, 
hauled  by  team  from  the 
cerine  in  its  liquid  state 
and  Giant  powder  was  not   1 


well  known.  The  pits  and  trenches  near  the  line  of  sections  9  and  10,  soon  showed  a 
blue  ore  57  feet  deep,  70  feet  wide  and  155  feet  in  length,  which  was  estimated  at  about 
one-third  rock,  or  41,230  tons  of  ore  in  sight.  This  deposit  was  afterwards  called  the 
Vulcan.  Our  supplies  at  this  time,  together  with  the  mail  and  the  doctor,  came  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Menominee  River.  Seven  days  were  allowed  the  teams  to  make  the 
round  trip.  On  January  ist,  1873,  our  buildings  consisted  of  a  dining  camp,  sleepin;; 
shanty,  smith  shop,  supply  shed,  and  a  ten  by  twelve  foot  office,  built  of  logs  ami 
situated  in  the  midst  of  dense  forest  and  swamp,  from  which  issued  swarms  of  torment- 
ing flies.  The  camp  was  covered  with  "shakes" — cedar  slabs  four  feet  long,  and  as 
wide  as  the  cut  would  permit — and  caulked  with  moss.  The  Indians  supplied  us  witli  3 
plenty  of  venison  and  the  wolves  with  music.  In  March  of  1873,  a  saw  mill  was  erected 
with  a  four-foot  circular  and  a  capacitj'  of  10,000  feet  per  day,  and  here  was  cut  the 
lumber  used  in  the  first  frame  structure  built  upon  the  range.  This  building  was  used  I 
as  a  store  and  office.  The  mill  sawed  in  all  about  100,000  feet.  This  same  month 
trains  were  running  between  Menominee  and  Escanaba." 


TIh!   Mk.nominI'.k   Ikon   Hancik. 


n 


'  men.  C)t  tin 
I  St,  we  ceasi'tl 
;  hundred  feet 
,  nlon^  the  l)oli 
icl>  hnt'  of  thi 
y  from  Towers 
tructed,  but  thi 

ijjinally   visited 
antl   liad  done 
md  lo,  sliowin^ 
lean  depot,  and 
rn:>.d  was  cut  tn 
camp  was  then 
moiith   of    tlif 
of  to-day  where 
:amp  belonging 
;n.       Mr.     Kici', 
iimily  with  him. 
r.    Tat    Mullins 
arried  an  Indian 
Supplies  wer(! 
3    to     Treitun;(, 
could  be  begun 
6,  9,  lo  and  1 1, 
pits,  shafts  and 
d  for  wet  holes, 
team   from   the 
ts    liquid    state 
powder  was  not 
soon  showed  a 
mated  at  about 
ards  called   the 
ctor,  came  from 
ms  to  make  the 
camp,  sleepin^; 
ilt  of    logs   and 
rms  of  tormeni- 
et   long,  and  as 
upplied  us  with 
nill  was  erected 
ere  was  cut  the 
ilding  was  used 
is  same  month 


At  this  time  Mr.  Whitehead  brought  his  wiff  and  family  to  shart!  his  fortunes  in 
the  wiitlerness,  making  Mrs.  Whitehcail  and  Mrs.  Kice,  who  was  settled  at  the  nunjth 
itf  the  Sturgeon  river,  the  two  pioneer  white  women  ot   the  iron  rang*-. 

("ontinuing,  said  Mr.  Whittdiead,  "The  siMumer  of  1H73  was  spent  on  tnany 
s((  lions  of  the  rang(!.  (iroups  of  iin'ii  in  parties  of  from  live  to  ten  wert;  sent  out. 
Mr.  Clark  Koland  was  foninan  at  Section  10,  whih-  Mr.  Daniel  Hundy  was  assistan' 
fxplorer,  and  divided  his  time  cither  with  Dr.  Iliilst  or  myself  in  running  strttion  lines, 
taking  to|)ogra|)hy,  or  locating  camps.  In  the  same  year  a  wagon  road  was  surveyed 
and  (  ut  out    to    I'elc.h    Mountain,  section    22,    township   .\2,    range   2H,   now    known    as 


M 


etropolitan.  This  road  was  called  the  iron  Koad.  its  length  from  Vulcan  to  Mtitro- 
politan  was  23  miles,  and  its  cost  to  the  Milwank«'e  Iron  Co.  was  #1,300.  Camps  w«:re 
put  in,  and  in  the  fall  of  1^73,  i\  s/ii/>/>///i;^  ore  uuis  Jounii.  Iron  Mountain  or  the  Lnilington 
Mine  property  was  t«'sted  by  Dr.  Ilnlst  the  early  part  of  this  wintcir,  but  a  banded  ore 
only  was  found.  (It  might  be  well  t<j  state  for  the  information  of  the  unlearned,  that 
by  a  "banded  ore"  Mr.  Whitcshead  referred  lo  a  formation  of  jasper  rock  an<l  iron-ore, 
resting  upon  each  other  in  layers  like  a  sandwich.)  At  tlit;  same  tiuje  Mr.  Dickey's 
homestead,  west  of  (Juinnesec,  and  the  Curry  miiu;  pro|)erty,  were  explored  for  ore  by 
Dr.  Ilulst.  We  found,  however,  but  three  points  showing  a  shipping  ore,  the  Tret-n, 
West  Vulcan  and  Metropolitan,  l)y  which  names  ihey  are  still  known  to  this  day. 
In  March  of  1H74,  our  party  was  disbanded  and  driven  from  the  range  by  the  "panic" 
then  raging. 

Besides  our  own  work  in  1H73,  Mr.  John  L.  Diiell  had  also  been  doing  some  on  the 
Ouinnesec  property  and  had  actually  carted  some  ore  to  Menominee,  and  this  was  the 
third  great  step  towards  opening  up  the  Iron  Range. 

They?/-.f/  step  was  by  the  Breen  iioys;  the  second  hy  the  explorers  under  Dr.  llulst, 
for  the  Milwaukee  Iron  Co.;  the  third  hy  the  shipment  of  ore  by  Mr.  Buell. 

On  October  Hth  I  was  sent  by  the  company  to  test  Mr.  Buell' s  working  at  the 
Ouinnesec.  Deepened  the  shaft  to  35  feet,  and  then  drifted  north  39  feet,  all  through 
shipping  ore.      On  January  4,  1H75,  we  broke  camp,  and  the  wilderness  of  the  Menominee 

Iron  Range  was  abandoned  until  1H77." 

*  *  *  *  *  *'«  « 

Let  us  leave  Mr.  Whitehead  and  his  interesting  reminiscences  for  a  while,  and 
follow  up  the  operations  of  Mr.  Buell.  Dr.  Hulst's  initial  explorations  and  discoveries 
have  already  been  related.  If  you  are  interested  in  a  man's  work,  it  is  better  to  give  you 
an  insight  into  his  physical  and  mental  capabilities,  for  it  adds  to  your  interest  in  his 
exploits.  You  are  fairly  familiar  by  this  time  with  N.  T.  Hulst  and  L.  Whitehead,  let 
me — though  I  am  not  a  dealer  in  biographies — introduce  you  to  John  L.  Buell. 

Mr.  Buell  is  an  Indiana  man  by  nativity.  He  '\s  facile  princeps  a  representative  range 
man,  and  a  born  explorer.  He  drove  the  first  wagon  and  jerk-line  team  that  ever  pulled 
out  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  over  the  intervening  800  miles  of  broken  trail  for  Pike's 
Peak,  and  steered  in  those  early  days  a  "four  yoke  of  cattle"  outfit  up  the  Arkansaw. 
He  possesses  high  scholarly  attainments,  can  rebuke  a  wayward  miner  in  other  than  his 
mother  tongue,  or  hold  an  educated  audience  with  his  oratory.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  legislature  of  1873-4,  at  Lansing,  Mich.,  for  the 
united  crunties  of  Mackinaw,  Schoolcraft,  Delta  and  Menominee. 


34 


Tmk   Mf.nominff.  Iron   Ran(!F.. 


On  the  ioth  of  May,  1R73,  Mr.  Hiiell  commenced  his  first  practical  explorations  011 
the  range,  on  the  southeast  (piarter  of  section  34,  township  40,  range  30,  the  present 
site  of  the  original  niiinrwscc  mine.  On  the  2(1  day  of  August,  same  year,  ore  was 
struck  hy  a  lint;  of  test  pits,  on  a  formation  running  from  south  to  north.  In  the  wiiitct 
and  spring  of  1H73  4,  the  first  consignment  of  ore  mined  on  the  range  was  taken  1)\ 
Mr.  Buell  by  sleigh  and  wagon  to  Menominee,  about  seventy  miles  in  all,  forty  miles  of 
which  was  over  the  state  road.  Fifty-three  tons  was  thus  transported,  the  analysis 
showing  66.07  nit'tallic  iron,  .013  in  phosphorus,  and  4  in  silica.  This  product  was 
smelted  by  tlu!  Menominee  Furnace  Co.  Mr.  Huell  had  an  interest  in  the  property,  by 
right  of  agricultural  scrip  entry  in  IH()4,  which  was  now  leased  to  the  Milwaukee  Iron 
Company.  Hy  the  failure  of  this  company,  however,  anil  by  the  death  of  Capt.  Ward 
further  operations  were  delayed  for  the  ne.xt  two  years.  Meanwhile,  Dr.  Hulst,  the 
veteran  explorer  who  in  1K7J  had  cached  his  outfit  and  returned  to  Milwaukee,  was  in 
1873  working    like   a  beaver    in  the  footsteps    of    Major    Mrooks,    State    Cieologist,    on 


section  6,  township  3(), 
yuinnesec  and  tiie  Vid- 
exploring  in  the  neighbor- 
in  the  Martpiette  Range, 
the  Chicago  ic  Northwest- 
apprehending  that  the 
ore  production  was  more 
the  ro;id  they  were  build - 
Escanaby  to  accom  mo- 
Six  miles  of  right-of-way 
ward  toward  the  Brecn 
immediate  construction  of 
of  1H73,  as  the  iron  inter- 
commerce  of  the  country 
then  universal  depression, 
operations  were  alike  dis- 


range  2i)  between  tin 
can,  and  in  1874  was 
hood  of  the  Republic  mine 
During  the  fall  of  1872, 
em  Railway  Co.,  wisely 
outlook  for  an  immense 
than  promising,  defiected 
ing  from  Marinette  to 
date  the  new  iron  fields, 
was  cut  from  Powers  west- 
mine  with  a  view  to  the 
a  branch  road.  In  the  fall 
ests  in  common  with  the 
were  suffering  with  the 
explorations  and  railway 
continued.       I    will    take 


Hon.  Jno.   L.  Bdeli.. 

advantage  of  this  season  of  enforced  rest  to  submit  for  the  guidance  of  those  who  are 
interested,  in  the  past,  present  and  future,  of  this  leading  iron  bank  of  the  world,  an 
outline  sketch  of  its  chief  physical  features. 

According  to  Dr.  Rominger  in  his  report  to  the  State  Board  of  Geological  Survey, 
1871  (Palceozoic  Rocks)  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan  comprises  an  area  of  about 
16,000  square  miles,  exclusive  of  islands  amounting  to  300  square  miles  additional.  On 
the  north  it  is  bounded  by  Lake  Superior,  to  the  south  by  Lakes  Huron  and  Michigan, 
the  east  end  by  the  river  St.  Mary.  The  southwestern  line  between  it  and  Wisconsin  is 
given  by  tlie  bed  of  the  Menominee  River,  flowing  into  Green  Bay,  Lake  Michigan,  and 
by  the  Montreal  River  emptying  into  Lake  Superior,  which  bounds  its  remaining  western 
portion.  The  land  so  defined  lies  between  the  45th  and  49th  degrees  of  northern  latitude, 
and  83°  45'  and  90"  93'  of  longitude  west  of  Greenwich.  An  air  line  drawn  from  tht 
mouth  of  the  Menominee  River  to  the  mouth  of  the  Montreal  River,  is  about  175  miles 
long;  from  the  mouth  of  Montreal  River  to  the  north  end  of  Keewenaw  point,  a  similai 
line  measures  150  miles;  and  a  line  drawn  from  Marquette  to  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee 
River  amounts  to  about  100  miles.   These  three  lines  inclose  the  iron  and  copper  districts. 


Ml 

the  r 

1)1  a  se 
slates, 
varietitl 
Siiperii| 
m/7fx,  m 
liesii 
the  "r;| 
lu'giiinil 
U      iivl 
the  Cr; 
acres    i 
usual  p 
to  erect 
upon  til 
amount 
to   50  c 
proviso 
amount 
aunuall} 
The  ore 
ranging- 
grade   ti 
jiercentz 
much  ii 
bodies  a 
south  b; 
of  the  L 
the  ore 
Chapin 
Vulcan  1 
of  ultinr 

It  i 
for  a  sul 
that  I  n 
graphic; 
kill  him 
touch" 
quite  fo 
the  sam 
position 
'■  noseg 

Ou 


TnK  Mknominkk  Iron   Ranop. 


35 


explorations  on 

30,  the  pr(;si'nt 

le  year,  ore  was 

In  the  wintiM 

'■   was  taken    l)\ 

I,  forty  miles  ol 

;cl,  the   analysis 

is  product    was 

lie  jiroperty,  by 

Milwaukee  Iron 

of  Capt.  Wan! 

Dr.  Hiilst.  thi 

waiikee,  was  in 

Cieolo^ist,    on 

between     tin 

in     1H74     was 

e  Republic  mine 

le   fall  of    1872, 

'ay   Co.,   wisely 

)r   an    immense 

lising,  deflected 

Marinette    t<i 

lew  iron  fields. 

m  Powers  west - 

a  view  to  the 

In  the  fall 

mmon  with  the 

rinfi    with    the 

s  and   railway 

I    will    take 

those  who  are 

the  world,  an 

ogical  Survey, 
area  of  about 
ditional.      On 

and  Michigan, 
Wisconsin  is 

Michigan,  and 
ining  western 
hern  latitude, 
wn   from  the 

)out  175  miles 
)int,  a  similar 
e  Menominee 
pper  districts. 


ma 


Major  T.  B.  Brooks,  State  Geologist,  in  his  rpport  on  the  Iron  H«aring  Kocks  of 
the  Upper  Peninsula,  1H73,  describes  their  conformation  as  follows:  "These  /run 
IWitrin^t;  Rocks,  corresponding  it  is  assumed  with  the  lluronian  system  of  Canada,  consist 
1)1  a  series  of  extensively  folded  beds  of  diorite,  (piart/ite,  rhioritic  schists,  clay  and  mica 
slates,  an«l  graphic  shales,  among  which  arc  intercalated,  extensive  beds  of  several 
varieties  of  iron  ore.  The  same  rocks  occur  on  the  east  and  north  shores  of  Lake 
Superior,  where  they  also  contain  iron.  The  Huronian  area  e(|uals  about  t,()i)3  sijuare 
niilf.1,  or  nearly  one-eighth  of  the  whole  area  of  the  Upper  I'tuiinsida." 

Besides,  the  strip  of  country  already  referred  to  in  a  previous  chapter,  as  embracing; 
the  "range  proper,"  the  Menominee  ore  region  contains- extending  from  the  point  of 
beginning  to  where  it  crosses  the  river  of  its  name  to  the;  west  in  township  40,  range 
\\  five  districts  or  group  of  mines,  now  known  as  the  Felch  Mountain,  the  Florence, 
the  Crystal  Falls,  the  Iron  River  and  the  Hemlock  (township  4.^,  range  33),  some  f>o, 000 
acres  in  all.  Of  these  lands  it  is  hardly  possible  to  ae.(iuire  any  by  purchase.  The 
usual  practice  now,  is  to  permit  exploration,  std)ject  to  "option,"  which  gives  the  right 
to  erect  camps,  use  timber,  and  sink  shafts  and  test-pits,  wherever  desired,  conditionally 
upon  the  employment  of  a  given  number  of  men,  with  option  of  lease  after  a  certain 
anioimt  of  ore  has  been  developed.  This  U^ase  carries  the  tax  of  a  royalty,  of  from  25 
to  50  cents  per  ton,  according  to  the  degree  of  excellence,  of  all  ore  mineil,  with  the 
proviso  that  the  lessee  shall  pay  royalty  on  10,000  ton  of  ore  per  anniiiu,  whether  the 
amoimt  is  mined  or  not.  The  woods  are  full  of  explorers  and  an  immense  simi  is 
annually  paid  out  on  explorations,  the  results  of  which  are  usually  kept  a  profound  secret. 
The  ores  of  the  range  are  nearly  all  hematite,  varying  much  in  appearance  and  grade, 
ranging — to  quote  Mine  Inspector  J.  B.  Knight — "  from  the  softest  blue  ore  of  B>essemer 
grade  to  a  hard  ore,  having  almost  the  aspect  of  a  specidar,  and  containing  a  high 
percentage  of  phosphorus.  As  might  be  expected  from  an  ore  formation,  varying  so 
much  in  width  and  subject  to  so  many  changes  of  topography,  the  trends  of  the  ore 
bodies  are  far  from  uniform.  It  is,  however,  conceded  that  the  range  is  boimded  on  the 
south  by  the  Huronian  granite  and  on  the  north  and  east  by  the  Laurentian  rocks.  North 
of  the  Laurentian  rocks,  and  west,  may  be  found  the  Huronian  rocks.  The  trend  of 
the  ore  beds  is  not  uniform,  neither  is  their  dip  or  pitch.  For  instance,  that  of  the 
Chapin  at  Iron  Motmtain  being  to  the  north  at  about  75  degrees,  and  that  of  the  West 
Vulcan  to  the  south  at  70  degrees,  whilst  at  some  of  the  more  shallow  mines  the  question 
of  ultimate  dip  is  yet  undecided,  because  of  the  rolling  tendencies  of  the  ore  bodies." 

It  is  a  difficult  matter,  1  know,  to  inspire  enthusiasm  amongst  non-scientific  persons, 
for  a  subject  necessarily  so  dry  a  one  as  this,  and  sooner  than  jeopardize  the  feeble  grip 
that  I  may  have  upon  the  man  who  may  have  been  tempted  to  glance  at  these  typo- 
graphically pretty  pages  of  antique  primer,  I  have  adhered  to  an  original  resolve  not  to 
kill  him  right  off  with  a  string  of  "ologies  and  zoics."  Whilst  anxious  to  keep  you  "in 
touch"  with  the  subject  in  hand,  I  can  measurably  sympathize  with  the  average  man's 
quite  forgivable  distaste  for  the  jaw  breaking  lingo  of  science.  Indeed,  I  am  largely  of 
the  same  way  of  thinking  myself,  for  as  a  matter  of  fact  I  am  somewhat  in  the  same 
position  as  La  Fontaine,  who,  in  presenting  his  compilations  to  the  public  called  it  a 
"  nosegay  of  culled  flowers,  with  nothing  of  his  own  but  the  string  that  tied  them." 

Our  positions  in  this  respect  are  identical,  save  with  one  important  exception,  for 


36 


TiiK   Mi'NoMiNK.i';   Iron   Ranc.k. 


whilst  lu;  offt-rcil  "  fal)!i 


1  prcsiMit  "facts."      If  thru  yon  will  hut  hear  with  mc,  whilst 
1  liro  at  yt)ii  some  of  those  haiil,  imconiproinisinf;  facts  luicessary  to  an  inlelli^,'(!iit  under 
standiuf;   of  the   wouileis  of    iiivitiuf^    Menouiiiu'c,  1  will    ])roi\iise  you  a   more  teni;)tiuj.', 
|>rof;ramuu'  of  "  uueiiualled  attractions  "    later  on. 

Mr.  t'harles  1).  Lawton,  State  Coinmissioni'r  of  Mineral  Statistics  for  MichiKau,  and 
an  iudisputahle  authority,  thus  refers  in  his  last  annual  report  to  this  same  range  ol 
metalliferous  nunintains: 

rill-  m'lii'r.il  licnil  of  tlic  formations  of  tlio  iron  <lislricls  is  cist  am!  west,  hut  locally  thi^rc  is  ^^rcat 
iiioiliticatioM,  as  in  tho  re^jion  of  tlic  Micliinanime,  Hi-nilock  and  I'aint  Kiver,  oti'.,  the  trend  is  north  rmi 
south,  or  n()rth\vest  and  southeast.  It  is  so  also,  east  of  Crystal  l'"alls  at  the  Hollister  mine  and  soutli  ai 
the  |)uun.  Mastodon,  ete  .\t  the  N'ulcan,  Norway,  Cha)>in,  I'lorenre,  etc.,  tin;  trend  is  east  and  wt^st 
The  general  dip  of  the  formation  is  to  the  north,  hut  of  course  this  is  loially  modilied  hy  the  folding  of  tin- 
formation.  A  ni.itler  that  lias  not  heen  clearly  made  out  yet,  is  the  fact  that  in  tlit;  e.ist  end  of  tin- 
Menominee  Kan^c,  to  the  west  heyond  Keel  Kid^e,  the  dij)  is  to  the  south,  and  a  very  pronunent  hlulT  ol 
limestone  forms  the  footwall  of  the  ore,  that  is,  th<"  ore  is  ahove  it.  At  Iron  Mountain,  however,  at  tlu' 
t'hapin.  I.uilin,L;ton,  etc  ,  mines,  the  dip  of  the  formation  is  to  the  north  .ind  the  limestone  is  in  the  han^^ini; 
w.dl  of  the  ore.  'I'luMe  is  no  chan,i;e  in  tin-  rocks.  Tlie  slates  and  limestone  are  identical  ;  tlit;  dip  is 
reversed.  'I'lie  rocks  in  which  the  ore  incurs,  hoth  at  Iron  Mountain  and  further  east  at  the  Vulcan,  is  .i 
soft,  fri.ihle,  hiack  arj^illite  that  crumhies  and  disintegrates  on  exposure,  and  which,  low  in  the  mini-,  h.is 
no  sustaining  power.  'l"he  drifts,  whether  in  foot  or  lianging  wall,  rrumhle  and  crush  down  so  as  to  soon 
liecome  im|iassahle.  I'urther  west,  at  Crystal  I'alls,  the  j.isper  ferruginous  schists  in  which  the  ore  is  foiiiul, 
are  tirni  and  generally  make  .i  good  roof  to  the  mine.  In  the  mines  ahout  Crystal  h'alls  ont;  sees  large 
rooms  where  the  ore  has  heen  removed. 

Mr,  J.  T.  Jones,  Superintendent  of  the  Haiuilton  Ore  Company,  and  who  has  made 
a  study  of  the  subject,  is  of  the  opinion  that  "  the  formation  at  Iron  Mountain  is  the 
"south  hratich  of  the  fold,  which  dips  north,  and  comes  up  with  a  southerly  dip  nortii 
"of  Lake  Antoine,  where  the  lime  stotie,  etc.,  appear  dipping  south." 

Mr.  n.  C.  navies,  the  well  known  expert,  in  his  treatise  on  "Minerals  and  Mining"  (iSSi)),  in 
descrihing  the  iron  o:e  of  Micliii;,,n.  refers  to  the  deposits  as  "  occurring  in  a  vast  succession  of  thin  heds 
in  slatv  and  hornhlendic  rocks.  Phese  ferruginous  slates  stand  out  as  successive  clilTs  of  from  50  to  151 
feet  high,  and  really  seem  mountains  of  iron  ore.  The  halt  extends  a  length  of  ahout  150  miles.  Tlif 
highly  ferruginous  deposits  are  not  continuous  over  the  whole  of  this  length,  hut  occur  at  intervals  in  area--, 
extending  from  a  few  hundred  yards  to  over  a  mile  long.  The  deposits  consist  of  peroxide  of  iron,  mixoi 
with  silicious  matter.  They  occur  as  thin  alternating  heds,  the  iron  at  times  consolidating  and  formiii.; 
beds  of  great  thickness.     These  heds  are  traversed  l>y  joints  that  cut  the  ore  into  square  talocks. 

In  one  mine  the  deposit  shows  the  varieties  of  structure  enumerated,  having  in  the  center  the  laminate' 
structure,  and  passing  on  each  side,  into  coinpact  ore  of  great  purity.  In  its  purest  state  the  ore  is  a  com 
pact  specular  ore,  having  profusely  disseminated  through  it  crystals  of  magnetic  oxide.  Soine  of  the 
dep  ).-its  are  made  up  of  thin  hands,  not  exceeding  a  (luarier  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  of  pure  tine-grained 
p-  ro.x.'e  of  iron,  and  jaspery  ore.  On  one  location  the  deposit  is  1,000  feet  ihick  and  one  mile  in  lengtli, 
and  the  supply  of  iron  ore  here  alime  is  sutricient,  it  is  said,  for  the  want",  of  the  world  for  ages!  The 
average  percentage  of  iron  is  from  Oo  to  70,  and  the  ore  contains  hardly  a  trace  of  sulphur,  phosphorou 
or  titanic  acid." 

The  iron  ores  of  Norway  and  Sweden  are  popularly  supposed  to  be  the  purest  in 
the  world.  Analyses  made  from  2(S  ilistricts,  however,  show  ores  ranging  from  30  to  71 
per  cent,  of  iron,  tlie  working  average  being  50  per  cent,  only;  and  though  low  as  a  rule 
in  phosphorous,  reaching  in  the  case  of  the  celebrated  Danemora  mines  1.62  as  a 
maximum,  they  suffer,  as  indeed  do  all  the  ores  of  the  world  when  placed  in  comparison 


"Th 
Major  Br 
is  demon 
tlie  greal 
and  con; 
east  end 
often  bol 
gives  a  s 
strikingly 

Now 

relative  tc 

has  reveal 

of  other  U 
1 


Thk   Mknominkk   IkoN   Han(;k.. 


37 


Michij^an,  and 
same  raiif^c  ot 

illy  thi;n!  is  «rp.ii 
Mid  is  north  rini 
nine  and  south  :ii 
is  tsist  and  west 
the  folditiK  "f  tlu' 
'.  cast  end  of  tlir 
ironiincnt  l)liill  ol 
1,  liowevt-r,  at  tiw 
•  is  in  the  hangini; 
ntical  ;  the  ilip  is 
It  the  N'ulcan,  is  a 
in  tlu!  mini',  lias 
lown  so  as  to  soon 
h  tlu!  ore  is  found. 
alls  one  sees  lar^i' 

wlio  has  made 
iDimtain  is  the 
icrly  dip  north    I 

inin^;  "  (i8S.)),  in 
;si<in  of  thin  beds 
)f  from  50   to    150 

150  miles.  Till' 
intervals  in  areas, 
ide  of  iron,  mixed 

ing  and   formiiii; 

locks. 

Iter  the  laminate' 
the  ori!  is  a  com 
le.  Some  of  th'' 
pure  fine-grained 
ne  mile  in  length, 
d  for  ages!  Tin' 
ihur,  phosphorous 


the  purest  in 
f  from  30  to  71 

1  low  as  a  ni!i'  J 
incs    i.t)2   as  a 

ni  comparison 


with  those  of  the  Menominee.  If  phosphorous  exists  to  a  greater  degree  than  one  tenth 
(d  one  per  cent.,  iron  ore  is  not  up  to  Hess(!mcr  stanthinl,  and  it  is  for  this  most  practically 
r(i^;(iil  of  all  reasons  that  Michigan  ores  oiitranU  tlu!  ori-s  of  Alahaiua  and  Virginia,  and 
III  truth  the  ores  of  all  southern  states.  It  is  a  very  great  rarity  in  the  south  to  lind  ore 
which  will  grade  as  IJessemer. 

file  topogra|)hy  of  these  iron-hearing  cliHs  of  iliiroiiian  formation,  is  in  itself  of 
( oiirse  a  Uey  to  the  prospector  in  his  researches,  as  the  surface  features  of  the  earth  are 
,is  an  open  dictionary  to  one  who  woidd  read  the  concealed  testimony  of  the  rocks 
lieucath,  and  an  explorer  would,  on  general  principles,  lie  regarded  as  an  ass  if  he  wasted 
iiis  time  searching  for  iron  among  the  siliiriau  sandston(;s. 


Tkoi  I'  I'rsniNf; 

On    vhk  Bkui.e  Rivkr. 


"The  greater  simplicity  in  the  geological  structure  of  the  Menotninee  Range,"  says 
Major  Brooks,  "as  compared  with  the  topography  of  the  Marquette  and  Gogebic  ranges 
is  demonstrated  in  a  correspondingly  less  varietl  surface.  Obeying  the  influence  of 
the  great  rock  beds  beneath,  the  elevations  have  a  tolerably  unifor;  •  east-west  trend 
and  consequent  parallelisin.  The  south  iron  range  of  which  the  Breen  mine  is  the 
east  end  as  far  as  known,  can  be  traced  through  a  greater  part  of  its  course  !)y  a  ridge 
often  liold.  The  capping  of  horizontal  sandstones  which  characterizes  these  hills, 
gives  a  somewhat  more  even  character  to  the  crest  line,  and  in  places  produces  a 
strikingly  different  profile." 

Now  I  could  fill  a  ten-volume  encyclopedia,  with  facts  of  burning  commercial  interest 
relative  to  the  wondrous  revelations  which  a  thorough  study  of  these  p-recious  mountains 
has  revealed.  I  could  quote  you  authorities  l)y  the  score,  the  printed  positive  deductions 
of  other  leading  scientists  as  to  the  transcendent  richness  >>f  the  belt  of  crude  steel  which 


38 


The  Menominef.  Iron  Range. 


these  table  lands  of  the  north. 


lis,  that  within  the 


in  inland  gulf  stream  of  mi 
black  depths  of  its  chrystalized  flood,  bears  a  fruit  of  the  earth  to  which — industrially 
speaking — ^even  gold  is  but  refuse,  and  silver  dross.  But  neither  you  nor  I  have  the 
time,  neither  does  the  necessity  exist  to  verify  truth.  The  authorities  I  have  quoted  are 
unimpeachable.  An  encjuiring  world  can  accept  them  in  their  entirety.  If  they  have 
any  fault  it  rests  in  the  fact  that  in  them,  like  Sam  Weller's  correspondence,  the  salient 
points  are  not  brought  out  "  strong  enough." 

However,  the  gauntlet  such  as  it  is,  is  thrown  down.  Menominee,  physically 
paramount,  industvially  unapproachable,  challenges  the  world.  Where  are  the  kings  of 
capital  and  princes  of  labor,  who  will  pry  open  the  bars  of  the  visor  of  its  iron  mask? 

Those  who  swelter  under  the  burning  shadows  of  the  southern  cross  are  asked  to 
remember  that  the  very  firmament  itself — embodiment  of  unalterable  prmciples — has 
hung  a  magnetic  fixed  star  in  these  nebulous  wastes  of  northern  skyJom,  which  with 
unswerving  fidelity  to  its  trust,  has  for  the  long  centuries  since  the  creation  been 
beckoning  the  iron  master,  and  guiding  the  explorer  to  its  metallic  footstool-  the  swart 
ranges   of   the   Menominee — over  whose  red  fields  of   buried    treasure,    it   hangs,    an 

undimmed  harbinger  of  hope. 

******** 

Now,  besides  the  veterans  referred  to,  there  were  other  mineral  missionaries  in  the 
field,  for  on  May  lo,  1871,  "a  man  from  Menasha,"  Wisconsin,  reached  the  ranges. 
He  had  passeu  uve  lustrums  of  years  in  exploratory  pursuits,  and  v.'as  steeped  in  prac 
tical  mineralogy.  Specimens  of  iron  ore  had  been  brought  to  the  land  office  of  his  town 
by  timber-men,  and  he  started  out  to  verify  their  statement,  that  they  had  "picked  them 
off  the  ledges." 

Township  40,  range  18,  on  the  Wisconsin  side  of  the  Menominee,  was  scoured  b} 
ore  hunters,  and  on  the  23d  of  OctobeiT,  1873,  whilst  idly  striking  the  ground  wivh  a 
pick,  Mr.  H.  D.  Fisher  discovered  what  is  now  known  as  the  celebrated  Florence  Mine, 
on  the  north  i4  of  southeast  }(  of  section  20.  A  little  "stripping"  w.^s  promptly  done, 
rare  indications  were  developed  and  five  days  afterwards  the  lucky  explorer  returned  to 
Menasha,  and  deposited  sufficient  cash  at  the  land  office,  to  effect  the  purchase  of  "six 
forties"  of  gover  irnent  "wild  realty"  at  $1.25  an  acre.  For  six  years,  however,  but 
little  development  followed,  absence  of  shipping  facilities  forbade  any  great  outlay,  and 
up  to  1879,  $1,676  only  had  been  paid  out  on  work  and  material.  With  that  year,  how 
ever,  came  trade  salvation,  in  the  shape  of  Messrs.  Van  Dyke  and  Hagerman — the 
badger  and  the  wolverine,  industry  and  courage — who  purchased  a  three-fourths  interest, 
prosecuted  development,  arranged  for  railway  extension,  and  in  delicate  acknowledgment 
of  Dr.  Hulst's  "good  works,"  called  the  new  venture  "Florence,"  in  honor  of  a  prom  1 
nent  member  of  the  explorer's  family.  The  fall  of  the  following  year,  14,000  tons  ct 
ore  were  shipped  by  rail  to  Esuanaba.  The  iron  stone  panned  out  60  per  cent,  of  met;rl 
and  carried  from  150  to  .0200  of  phosphorous.  A  first  class  non-Bessemer  ore. 
would  add  that  it  cost  Si. 25  per  ton  by  railway  to  Bay  de  Noc,  staggered  under  a  60  ct. 
per  ton  royalty,  and  sold  for  six  dollars  on  arrival  at  Cleveland,  I  must,  however,  har 
back  if  I  have  any  regard  for  synchronism. 

In  1877  the  Menominee  Mining  Co.,  which  had  purchased  the  leases  of  the 
Milwaukee   Iron  Co.,  and  of   which  new  company  Dr.  Hulst  v  3  a  member,  renewed 


I     now  th 


The  Menominf.e  Iron  Ranoe. 


39 


iiat  within  the 
I — industrially 
lor  I  have  the 
ive  quoted  are 
If  they  have 
ce,  the  salient 

ee,   physically     | 
re  the  kings  of 
iron  mask? 
ss  are  asked  to 
)rinciples — has 
itn,  which  with    I 

creation  been 
:ool-  the  swart 

it   hangs,    an 


lionaries  in  the 
ed  the  ranges, 
teeped  in  prac 
ffice  of  his  town 
i  "picked  them 

^as  scoured  by 
^  frour.d  ^vivh  a 
Florence  Mine, 
promptly  done, 
)rer  returned  to 
rchase  of  "six 
s,  however,  but 
eat  outlay,  and 
that  year,  how 
lagerman — the 
fourths  interest, 
cknowledgmeiit 
jnor  of  a  promi 
,  14,000  tons  (if 
r  cent,  of  met;;! 
ssemer  ore.     1 
i  under  a  60  ct. 
however,  har  > 

leases    of    the 
jmber,  renewed 


operations  at  the  Vulcan,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  the  causes  previously  written 
of.  The  doctor  was  again  in  harness,  and  in  evidence  of  his  realism,  may  be  recorded 
licre,  the  discovery  of  the  celebrated  Chapin  mine  at  Iron  Moimtain,  where  in  1H78  the 
first  shaft  was  sunk — a  continuation  of  a  test  pit — when  at  a  depth  of  between  60  and  70 
feet  ore  was  first  disclosed.  In  1880  the  first  shipments  of  ore  from  this  bonanza 
amounted  to  34,556  tons.  In  i8go  these  shipments  had  increased  to  742,843  long  tons, 
and  .;c  yet  they  have  not  even  penetrated  the  rind. 

From  now  on  the  movements  of  expert  geologists  were  watched,  and  every  man 
capable  of  striking  a  hammer  or  wielding  a  pick  became  a  prospector,  and  new  "chums" 
whose  names  are  now  hoissehold  words,  and  whose  every  ment'on  is  synonymous  with 
the  Menominee,  appeared  upon  the  scene  in  pursuit  of  the  almighty  dollar.  Meanwhile 
our  friend  at  the  Vulcan  hotel  was  humming  along,  hoeing  his  row,  to  the  satisfaction  of 
iiis  employers  and  presumably  of  himself. 

"You  cee,  partner,"  said  "^Ir.  Whitehead,  picking  up  the  thread  of  the  dropped 
warp,  "in  March,  1877,  the  Menominee  Mining  Co.  engage^  ne  to  overlook  their  opera- 
tions. The  Menominee  River  Railway  was  again  under  construction,  and  '  getting  in 
its  work,'  for  a  gravel  train  at  Waucedah,  on  the  loth  of  July  killed  its  first  man."  In 
the  mines  open  work  was  proceeded  with.  On  the  2d  of  September,  1877^  a  shipment 
of  25  carloads  was  made  from  the  Breen  Mine,  of  which  Geiome  Schwartz — Mr.  Schwartz 
is  now  president  of  the  village  Board  of  Crystal  Falls — was  captain.  The  old  Breitung, 
now  the  Vulcan,  became  headquarters,  and  the  monarchs  of  the  forest,  in  obedience 
to  the  drum  head  court  martial  of  the  axeman,  were  guillotined  on  requisition  of  the 
miners,  for  use  in  docks,  pockets  a'ld  dwellings.  The  experiences,  history  and  daily 
routine  of  all  these  new  mining  claims  were,  of  course,  greatly  similar;  a  description  of 
one  is  applicable  to  all^  hence  my  lingering  over  details.  About  this  time  4,021  tons  of 
ore  were  shipped  from  West  Vulcan.  On  the  12th  of  September  the  first  carload  of 
freight,  consisting  of  hay,  bar  iron,  etc.,  backed  into  Vulcan.  This  same  day  Dr.  Hulst 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  agent  in  residence  of  all  the  interests  of  the  Menominee 
Mining  Co.,  Lew  Whitehead,  captain  at  Vulcan,  A.  C.  Brown,  purchasing  agent,  Henry 
Fisk,  book-keeper,  and  Dr.  Belknap,  physician.  The  first  school  meeting  on  the  ranpe 
was  held  in  a  logging  camp,  between  the  Vulcan  and  the  mouth  of  the  Sturgeon.  Miss 
Reath  was  appointed  teacher  and  "school  was  kept"  within  the  camp,  the  dark  forest 
being  the  playground,  and  the  stately  fir  trees  the  bounds.  Generations  come  ai  d  go; 
history  repeats  itself ;  the  dramas  and  tragedies  of  life  are  enacted,  as  they  were  fifty 
years  since,  with  the  difference  that  the  thirst  for  knowledge — on  which,  rightlj-  or 
wrongly,  is  supposed  to  depend  the  acquisition  of  wealth^surpasses  all  other  desir;,s, 
and  the  ambition  to  "learn"  is  not  confined  to  the  courts  of  the  world,  but  stir,s  the 
tent-dwellers  of  the  wilderness.  In  1878  the  Breen  Mine  was  closed  down  and  vacated. 
In  May  of  the  same  year  Mr.  Curnow,  of  Milwaukee,  took  charge  of  the  Quinnesec 
Mine,  and  the  place  commenced  to  boom  as  a  mining  town,  and  as  the  terminus  of  rail- 
road construction.  In  August  of  the  same  year,  the  Norway  Mine,  section  5,  township 
39,  range  29,  was  opened  up  by  the  Menominee  Mining  Co.,  the  explorations  hiving 
been  carried  on  by  John  N.  Armstrong.  The  Cyclops  was  also  opened  up  in  1878,  as 
was  the  old  "Saginaw,  section  4  mine,"  later  known  as  the  Perkins — township  39, 
range  29 — re-christened  in  1879,  in  honor  of    Captain  John  Perkins,  the  new  superin- 


nntttmrnlm 


A.O 


The  Menominkf.  Iron  Range. 


tendent.  The  first  giant  powder  used  on  the  range  was  utilized  in  blasting  the  bed  of 
the  Sturgeon  River  in  1878.  In  the  fall  of  this  year,  Mr.  Whitehead  formally  threw 
open  the  Vulcan  Hotel,  and  in  graceful  recognition  of  these  amenities  of  life  and  in 
demonstration  of  the  laws  of  "  accelerating  demand,"  Mrs.  Patrick  McCarty  in  February 
introduced  the  first  white  girl  baby  born  on  the  range,  whilst  Mrs.  Whitehead,  in  equal 
recognition  of  the  responsibilities  of  her  position,  and  in  kind  obedience  to  an  unwritten 
but  unanimous  mining  wish,  in  the  ensuing  April  the  7th,  followed  up  the  lead  with  a 
baby  boy.  Thus  did  the  "Luck  of  Roaring  Camp"  find  its  prototypes  on  the  banks  of 
the  wild  Menominee. 

The  fever  for  work  was  not  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Sturgeon  or  to  the  State 
of  Michigan,  for  away  to  the  west  and  north  within  sound  of  the  turmoil  of  the  brawling 
Brule  in  Wisconsin,  Mr.  Fisher  continued  to  prosecute  his  explorations.  From  1871  to 
1879  he,  to  use  his  own  colloquialism,  "  stayed  with  it."  Impressed  with  the  conviction 
that  the  supporting  girders  of  the  earth  were  iron,  he  stood  firm  in  his  faith,  and  by 


First  National  Bank,   Iron  Mountain. 

patient  perseverance,  finally  exacted  the  toll  which  persistence  merited.  For  four  long 
years  he  exploited  the  country  which  lay  in  the  uneven  basin  of  the  Pine  and  Brule 
Rivers.  Neither  coal  nor  even  gold  was  possible.  Iron  and  iron  only  was  the  lode-star 
of  his  hopes.  In  April  of  1876,  exploring  was  commenced  on  section  34,  township  40, 
range  18,  for  Tuttle  and  Harvey  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  on  May  i6th  ore  was  discovered, 
and  declared  by  Prof.  Chas.  E.  W^right,  Major  Brooks  and  Prof.  Pumpelli  to  be  one  of 
the  most  promising  finds  on  the  Upper  Peninsula.  This  mine  is  the  Commonwealth  of 
to-day.  Later  explorations  by  Mr.  Otto  Davidson  have  disclosed  a  large  body  of  ore  on 
the  south-east  }^  of  section  34,  the  Badger  mine,  a  most  important  discovery.  In  1889, 
Mr.  Fisher  also  discovered  the  Armenia,  two  miles  from  Crystal  Falls,  the  result  of 
personal  research. 

The  years  1878,  '79,  '80,  '81  and  '82  succeeded  each  other  as  periods  teeming  with 
extraordinary  incident  in  ihe  history  of  mineral  development  in  the  region  already 
described  as  the  Menominee  Iron  Range.  Men  of  every  degree  of  experience  hastened 
to  join  the  restless  eager  throng  hurrying  to  the  land  of  hematite.     The  story  of  the 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


4» 


:g  the  bed  of 
rmally  threw 
jf  life  and  in 
'  in  February 
;ad,  in  equal 
an  unwritten 
lead  with  a 
the  banks  of 

r  to  the  State 

the  brawling 

From  1 87 1  to 

he  conviction 

faith,  and  by 


inininierable  discoverit-s,  and  the  wundtjifiil  quality  of  the  ore  unearthed  soon  became 
noised  abroad,  and  every  day  witnessed  the  advent  of  miners,  laborers,  camp  followers, 
and  a  leaven  of  shrewd  business  men.  Quinnesec  was  the  objective  point,  but  tales  of 
richer  deposits  further  inland  induced  many  a  one  to  abandon  a  visible  El  Dorado,  for 
;.n  unvisited  Golconda.  Some  with  but  little  means,  some  with  less,  a  few  with  a 
knowledge  gained  of  books,  others  with  facts  learned  of  experience,  all  full  of  hope,  and 
none  dismayed,  this  oddly  assorted,  army  of  humans  of  divers  tongues,  and  diverse 
nationalities  boldly  plunged  into  the  uninviting  jungle  that  draped  the  mountain 
palisades,  each  secure  in  the  belief  that  "he  himself"  was  fated  to  strike  it  rich.  In 
1879,  Mr.  John  R.  Wood,  now  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Iron  Mountain, 
discovered  the  Cornell  mine,  of  which  he  became  manager,  and  at  about  the  same  time 
the  Traders,  the  Canadian,  Curry,  Garfield,  Hecla,  Hancock,  Illinois,  Indianna, 
Keelridge,  Stephenson,  Sturgeon  River  and  others  were  developed  with  varying  degrees 
of  success,  the  success  of  the  enterprises  depending  almost  entirely  on  the  amount  of 
capital  available  for  purposes  of  complete  exploration.  Iron  Mountain,  Florence,  and 
later  on  Iron  River  and  Crystal  Falls,  became  in  turn  the  scene  of  more  extensive 
operations,  and  from  isolated  mining  camps,  arose  the  prosperous  towns  and  thriving 
villages  which  now  compete  in  friendly  rivalry  for  the  supremacy  of  the  Menominee. 

In  1877,  the  range  with  one  mine  in  operation  shipped  4,563  tons  of  ore.  In  i8go, 
with  thirty-two  mines  in  operation,  it  shipped  2,282,237  tons  of  ore. 

You  have  been  shown  what  it  has  done,  you  have  been  told  what  it  is  doing.  Again 
bear  with  me  still  further,  whilst  I  reveal  its  actual  condition  of  to-day,  and  cast  with 
your  permission  a  horoscope  of  its  future. 


For  four  long 
ine  and  Brule 
s  the  lode-star 
,  township  40, 
as  discovered, 
li  to  be  one  of 
monwealth  of 
body  of  ore  on 
ery.  In  1889, 
I,  the  result  of 


n 


'^  ^-'Vv'h^ 


•a. — 


s  teeming  with 
region  already 
ience  hastened 
le  story  of  the- 


tiililMiili  "i'liiiii" 


CHAPTKR    III. 


Tl)e  Ore  and  tl)e  Iron  of  tl)e  Aenominee. 


Comparative  and  Affirmative. 


^ 


i 


If  the  chronicles  of  Moses  are  worthy  of  credence — and  I  dare  not  dispute  them — 
Tubal-Cain,  a  son  of  Zillah,  who  was  a  daughter  of  the  original  family  who  led  the 
fashions  in  the  land  of  Nod,  4,003  years  before  the  birth  of  our  Saviour,  was  the  "first 
instructor  of  all  artificers  in  iron." 

These  good  people,  however,  could  hardly  be  called  an  industrially  progressive  lot, 
for  though  they  were  addicted  to  the  manufacture  of  tin  trumpets  and  that  sort  of  thing, 
it  was  left  to  Og,  the  king  of  Bashan,  "remnant  of  giants,"  2,552  years  afterwards,  to 
apply  the  manufactured  product  of  hematite  to  any  domestically  economic  purpose. 
"Behold,"  says  the  book  of  Deuteronomy,  "his  bedstead  was  a  bedstead  of  iron."  It 
is  but  fair  to  mention  here  though,  in  justice  to  the  men  of  Canaan,  that  Joshua,  with 
wholesome  regard  for  his  enemy's  "chariots  of  iron,"  had  drawn  attention  to  their  exis- 
tence when  urging  Israel  to  battle,  which  was  ten  years  before  the  Bashan  bruiser 
decided  to  invest  in  an  iron  bedstead. 

Fifty-five  years  before  Christ  the  ancient  Britons  exported  iron  to  the  continent  of 
Europe  in  their  own  ships.  Sixteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven  years  afterwards,  if  the 
red  men  of  Virginia  had  not  scalped  the  manufacturers,  America  would  have  shipped  to 
England  home-made  pig-iron  from  her  own  furnaces  on  the  James  River.  So  much  for 
its  ancient  uses  and  abuses,  but  do  you  know  technically  what  iron  is?  At  Yale  College 
there  is,  or  was,  a  meteorite  which  fell  in  Texas.  It  weighs  about  1,500  pounds.  It 
contains  92  per  cent,  iron  and  8  per  cent,  nickel.  This  is  native  iron.  There  are  several 
natural  combinations  of  iron,  but,  we  of  the  Menominee  Range  take  little  interest  but  in 
one,  namely,  that  composed  of  iron  and  oxygen,  and  of  this  only  the  following  varieties 
have  any  material  significance: 

1.  Magnktite. — Magnetic  Iron:     Chemical  composition,  iron  72.4,  and  oxygen  27.6. 

2.  Specular  Iron  Ore. — Hematite:  Chemical  composition,  iron  70.03,  and  oxygen 
29.97,  color  ranging  from  deep  red  in  earthy  ores,  to  iron  black  and  steel  grey  in  the 
purer  varieties.  Variations  of  this  are  numerous,  all  more  or  less  valuabic,  including 
Red  Hematite,  Specular  Iron,  etc. 

Brown  Iron  Ore. — Limonite:  Chemical  composition,  iron  60.0,  oxygen  25.6,  and 
water  14.4,  varied  by  silica,  alumina,  or  phosphoric  acid.  A  valuable  and  abundant  ore 
of  iron.     Its  varieties  are:   Bog  Iron  Ore,  Brown  Hematite,  etc. 

In  1890  the  total  production  of  iron  ores  in  the  United  States  was  in  round  numbers 
17,300,000  tons.     Of  this  the  nine  iron  ore  producing  states  of    the   South  furnished 


idHHHH 


44 


Thi;  Mf.nominee  Iron  Range. 


2,917,529  tons  only;  the  superior  iron  fields  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  supplyiiii,  ^ 
more  than  one-half  of  the  whole  output,  namely  9,003,701  tons,  of  which  again  the 
Menominee  Range  contrihuted  2,282,237,  or  within  a  fraction  of  one-seventh  of  thr 
entire  year's  product,  or  only  600,000  tons  less  than  did  the  nine  iron  ore  producing; 
states  of  the  South  combined!  This,  however,  is  a  mere  statement  of  facts,  and  thougli 
interesting  as  such,  conveys  little  import  as  a  statistical  comparison,  unless  we  search 
for  the  lesson  it  conveys.  You  ask,  "What  is  the  lesson?"  I  will  show  you.  For  u 
year  or  two  past  the  commercial  world  has  l>een  bombarded  with  printed  descriptions  of 
the  alleged  unexampled  development  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  South.  Is  it  not 
about  time  for  the  Menominee — the  banner  iron  range  of  Superior — to  challenge  these 
assertions  by  a  presentation  of  fact  ?  Statements  imcontradicted.  like  the  conditions 
consequent  upon  unenforced  statutes,  sooner  or  later  are  recognized  as  law.  Let  me 
hasten  to  codify  then  the  law  of  facts. 

In  1880,  the  joint  States  of  Alabama,  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  Kentucky,  Maryland, 
Tennessee,  Texas,  and  the  two  Virginias — I  quote  from  a  paper  on  "Southern 
Industries"  which  appeared  in  a  lecent  nurnber  of  the  Manufacturers'  Record,  over  the 
signature  of  Major  R.  P.  Porter,  superintendent  of  Census — unitedly  produced  754,6i4tons 
of  iron  ore.  In  1890,  or  ten  years  after,  their  output  was,  as  so  stated,  but  2,917,529, 
or  an  increase  in  ten  years  of  about  388  per  cent.  only.  What  was  the  Menominee 
Range — the  unknown  region,  on  the  ragged  edge  of  the  ultima  thule  of  trade  limits — 
doing  in  the  meantime.  Asleep?  No!  In  1880,  though  her  output  of  iron  ore  was  only 
524,735  tons,  or  but  little  more  than  ttvo-thirds  of  that  of  the  nine  ore  producing  states  \ 
of  the  South,  her  annual  output  ten  years  afterwards — gradually  increasing  with  the 
diminishing  decade — had  reached  in  1890,  2,282,237  tons,  an  increase  of  430  per  cent.,  ] 
as  against  the  388  per  cent,  of  increase  acquired  by  the  nine  unparalleled,  but  "  musing" 
southern  ranges  in  the  same  period.  And  not  alone  this.  In  1890,  seven  of  these  states, 
— I  omit  Maryland  and  Texas^ — had  in  forty  cities  (counting  only  those  of  over  8,000 
inhabitants  each)  an  aggregate  urban  population  of  1,105,390  souls,  representing  a  little 
less  than  2^i  tons  of  ore,  of  her  per  caput  town  inhabitants,  whilst  remote  Menominee 
with  its  unfledged  industries,  and  its  new  made  population,  rus  et  urbs,  aggregating  all 
told  only  25,000  people,  turned  out  over  91  tons  per  head  of  its  total  inhabitants,  01 
based  on  its  urban  population,  over  150  tons  per  capita. 

In  which  of  these — to  each  other  somewhat  antipodal  places — would  you,  possible 
capitalist,  prefer  to  invest  your  funds^  and  you  skilled  artizan,  prefer  to  cast  your  lot 
from  an  iron  ore  industrial  standpoint?  Within  the  heated  boundaries  of  nine  southern 
states,  the  joint  scattered  area  of  which  exceeds  577,000  square  miles  with  a  city  popu- 
lation of  over  1,100,000  and  a  yearly  ore  production  of  ly'i  tons  ^.  er  head  only,  or  in  a 
more  temperate  district  whose  area  is  2,000  square  miles,  whose  city,  town  and  villaj^e 
population  is  as  yet  but  15,000,  but  whose  output  of  ore,  from  its  centralized  ranges, 
actually  allows  over  gi  tons  per  capita  for  its  civic  and  rural  population  both  includel. 
and  is  the  base  of  future  supply  of  iron  for  all  of  the  expanding  territory  included  in  the  | 
entire  group  of  states  ^Jorth  and  west  of  its  own  line  of  latitude.  Which  of  these 
latitudes  think  you  presents  the  most  attractive  field  for  commercial  opportunity?  The 
one  whose  "land  development"  companies  have  of  recent  years  so  "boomed 
an  unnatural  industrial  maturity,  that  it  is  already  experiencing  the  reaction  born  of  .1 


Thk  Mknominek  Iron  Range. 


4S 


plclliora  of  factories  and  a  ^lutteil  luarkct,  or  a  country  whicli,  whilst  its  resources  are 
prartically  inexhaustible  offers  an  open  field  for  the  establishment  of  industries,  and  is 
.till  waiting  to  extend  a  valuable  welcome  to  its  first  trade  trespasser. 

A  Baltimore  trade  paper  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  on  the  line  of  the  Norfolk 
,111(1  Western  Railway  in  Virf.(iniH  there  were,  last  year,  completed  or  under  contract 
I  _'  |)iast  furnaces,  8  rolling  mills,  38  foundries,  85  wood  working  establishments,  43  iron 
mines,  2,600  coke  ovens  and  151  other  industries.  I  venture  to  predict  that  within  five 
years  from  now  this  southern  industrial  inflation,  will,  in  obedience  to  the  inexorable  law 
of  supply  and  demand,  have  reached  its  true  commercial  apogee,  and  that  a  substantial 
per  centum  of  its  present  redundant  mdustries,  will  like  the  "  Birnam  woods,"  be 
marching  in  hot  haste  to  the  more  inviting  trade  sanctuary  presented  by  the  solid 
Menominee. 

Referring  to  this  phase  of  over  production  this  is  what  Mining  and  Engineering 
recently  had  to  say  upon  the  subject: 

The  fundamental  cause  of  the  existing  situation  has  been  the  competition  of  the  southern  furnaces. 
A  large  number  of  these,  erected  solely  to  form  the  nucleus  of  a  town  site  boom,*^  having  fallen  into  difficulty 
during  the  tinancial  stringency  of  the  past  months,  have  been  pouring  iron  into  northern  markets  at  almost 
any  price,  in  order  to  raise  money  to  meet  their  obligations.  There  is  no  competition  as  severe  as  that  of  a 
bankrupt  concern,  and  some  of  the  southern  furnaces  are  certainly  not  strong  financially. 

This  chapter  was  commenced  with  a  reference  to  the  iron  bearing  ores  of  the 
Menominee.  The  class  of  its  ores  have  been  described  to  you,  I  submit  on  page  46  as  an 
instructive  study  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  yearly  annua!  outpuf.  of  all  its  Mines,  since 
its  creation  as  an  active  range,  deducing  obvious  inferences.  I  will  then  show,  1st  the 
multiple  uses  to  which  iron  can  be  applied;  2d,  the  inev' ..ability  of  the  world's  acceler- 
ating demand  for  iron;  3d,  a  personal  introduction  to  the  shafts  and  levels  from  whenc:- 
this  raw  staple  of  atructuial  advancement  is  obtained,  later  on  referring  to  certain  mines 
separately,  and  finally  drawing  your  attention  to  the  opportunities  which  the  Menominee 
presents  for  the  manufacture  of  the  crude  metal  and  the  establishment  of  cognate 
industries. 

In  order  to  further  demonstrate  that  not  only  is  the  Menominee  without  parallel 
as  regards  the  mines  operated  by  our  neighbors  to  the  south,  but  that  it  has  eclipsed 
with  its  production  the  output  of  the  oldest — and' until  recently  the  best  known — iron 
range  of  America,  its  twin  brother,  the  Marquette  Range  of  Lake  Superior,  the 
following  figures  obtained  from  official  sources  will  prcc.  In  the  similar  period  already 
given  in  the  preceding  case  of  the  Menominee — viz:  thirteen  years — the  Marquette 
Range  with  a  string  of  82  mines,  operating  as  one  mine  for  503  years,  or  503  mines  for 
one  year,  produced  22,0^8,990  tons,  or  at  the  rate  of  less  than  44,000  tons  per  mine 
each,  per  year,  as  against  the  50,000  odd  tons  similarly  produced  by  bountiful 
Menominee. 

Now  this  is  true.  What  are  you  going  to  do  about  it?  Don't  you  think  some  of 
this  ore  is  worth  retaining  at  its  cradle — -worth  detention  by  a  manufacturer's  capias — 
at  Norway,  Iron  Mountain,  Florence,  Crystal  Falls  or  Iron  River?  Think  it  over, 
whilst  I  point  out  the  superlative  qualities  of  the  Menominee  product. 

*The  italics  are  mine. — W,  R.  N. 


Thk  Menominkf,  Iro     Rangk.  iff 

In  a  special  circular  which  1  atUlrcsscd  to  Met.  it;c  tiiinu  owners,  the  t()lh)win^ 
I  icstions  among  others  were  asked: 

No  iS  How  do  the  ores  of  the  southern  states  compare  witli  those  of  the  Menominee  HnnRe?  What 
r.  V our  explanation  of  the  statement  current  in  some  nuartcrs  tliat  the  ores  of  the  tnines  of  Virginia, 
\l  ihama,  etc.,  are  gradually  occupying;  tht;  marktUs,  to  the  j^rowinj,'  exclusion  of  the  Michigan  proihict? 

No  K).  If  under  present  conditions  they  are  competitors  to  be  feared,  in  what  particular  do  they 
jiosst'ss  an  advantage.  If  not  in  possession  of  superior  ore,  a  ?olution  of  the  question  must  be  sought  either 
III  the  matter  of  royalties,  labor,  or  transportation  I  seek  an  expression  of  opinion  from  you,  and  a 
^^l^;^;<?ste(l  remedy. 

The  answers  received  may  be  summarized  as  follows:  Those  ores  of  the  Menominee 
winch  correspond  to  the  ores  of  the  South,  are   here  thrown   on  the  dump.     Sotithern 


ores  are  lower  in  iron 
|ilu)rous.  There  is  no 
southern  competition 
ores.  Proved  by  the 
of  Menoininee  mines 
to  Hirmingham,  Ala., 
non- Bessemer  ores 
their  own  against 
the  latter  being  taken 
deposits.  When  the 
is  gone,  which  is  only 
years,  they  will  lose 
vantage.  It  will  be  a 
tory  of  the  mines  of 
west   of   the    Susque- 


'^"'^^^^^^ 

\ 

% 
* 

\        li^       *      '        «■       It 

Kand  Drii.i.s — 4TH  Level  Ludincjton  Mink. 


and  higher  in  phos- 
possibility  of  any 
iti  northern  Hessemer 
fact  that  the  prodtict 
is  constantly  shipped 
antl  other  places.  Our 
are  certain  to  hold 
those  of  the  South, 
mostly  from  surface 
cream  of  southern  ores 
a  matter  of  a  few 
their  temporary  ad- 
repetition  of  the  his- 
central  Pennsylvania 
hanna. 


The  irons  of  the  south  are  in  many  cases  really  mined  at  a  loss.  The  companies 
which  control  them  making  their  profit  out  of  the  sale  of  lands  and  town  lots.  When 
these  cease  to  be  realizable  the  ledgers  will  show  contra  balances.  These  pleasant 
'ooking  balance  sheets  embody  as  a  rule  the  profits  made  on  joint  and  kindred  industries, 
not  on  iron  or  even  coal  alone,  but  largely  in  land.  There  are  three  or  four  salient 
features,  however,  which  must  be  regarded  as  advantageous,  and  these  chieHy  are: 
Absence  of  (i)  Royalties;  (2)  Cheap  Labor;  (3)  Cheap  Freights,  and  (^4)  Proximity  of 
Coal. 

As  to  Royalties,  they  are  regarded  in  the  North  by  all,  except  the  fee-owner,  as  in 
most  cases  a  grievous  imposition,  and  to  which  the  legislative  pruning  knife  might  with 
justice  be  applied.  The  question  of  Labor,  wi'i  with  a  cheaper  food  supply,  correct 
itself.  Freights,  though  they  have  taken  a  "tumble"  since  last  season  of  "five  cents  a 
ton,"  on  railway  haul  to  Escanaba,  representing  a  saving  to  the  Menominee  of  $114,000, 
yet  leaves  much  to  be  desired.  An  independent  line  of  railway  is  needed.  This 
opportunity  was  presented  during  the  current  j'ear,  when  the  Schlesinger  syndicate 
placed  their  52  miles  of  ironed  road  from  Escanaba  to  Lake  Antoine  upon  the  market. 
•  Through  lack  of  unanimity,  or  cash  on  the  part  of  peninsula  mine  owners,  the  golden 
.  opportunity  was  not  embraced.  Coal,  though  a  beneficent  factor  as  regards  the  South, 
i  and  whilst  remote  as  regards  source  of  supply  from  the  Menominee  mines,  can  yet  be 
,   forced  into  profitable  service  on   the  range,  and  contribute  to  an  active  development  of 


48 


Thk  Mknominee  Iron   Han(;k. 


luT     iiDii    iiidiistiies,    ami    lead — as    I    propose    to    prove    latter    on     to    renmiiera!i\!i 
competition  lor  a  share  ol   the  ^;reat   northwest  iron   ami  steel  demand,  as  yet  but  in  iii 
infancy.      As  an  evidence  of   the   actual  commercial  value  of    Michigan   iron,    its  liar 
hematite,  avera(^ing  Ob  per  cent,  in  iron     the  state  geologist  says  tnj  per  cent.-    ;  nd  ,(i 
in  phosphorous,  was  sold  on  the  ClevelamI,  O.,  market  last  year  at  S7.J5  per  ton,  wliiK 
soft  non  liesbemer  ores,  averaging  51J  per  cent,  sold  at  ^(4.50. 

In  Alabama,  according  to  Dr.  Phillips,  M.  E.,  in  his  special  report  of  the  industiu 
of  that  state,  it  takes  2.10  tons  of  their  ore  for  one  ton  of  pig.   Of  the  Menominee  Raiii, 
ores  it  takes  at  best  but  i^j,  and  at  most  but  i^  tons  to  obtain  the  same  result.      "  11 
iron  made  from  southern  ores,"   so   writes    another  authority,  "contains   .6  per  <(ii: 
phosphorous,  and  thus  it  is  oidy  fit  to  be  dealt  with  in  the  Siemen's  basic  steel  furna<  1 
There  are  of  course  exceptions  to  this,  in   their  brown   hematite  for  example,  which 
found  in  pockets— uncertain  as  to  quantity — ^and  the  Cranberry  mines  in  North  Carolin. 
where  the  pig  only  contains  about  .03  per  cent,   phosphorous,  but  the  ore  is  silicec)ii> 
The  ore  at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  contains  40  per  cent,  of  iron  and  the  pig  0.6  per  ceii: 
phosphorous.      The  local   ores   of   Pennsylvania,    New   York  and   New  Jersey  are   al 
all  lost  all  phusplioretic,   much   of  which  has  to   be  washed.      Mr.   Jeremian   Head,  11 
expert  who  recently  visited  the  southern  iron  fields  has   this   to  say  upon  the  inattti 
"Almost  all  of  this  erratically  distributed  ore  is  phosphoretic.     What   they  are  going 
do  with  all  the   phosphoretic  pig  which   is  about  to  be  made  I  cannot  tell.     They  an 
putting  up  foundries  and  pipe  works  and  so  on,  but  without  the  Basic  process  to  enabk] 
them  to  turn  some  of  it  into  steel,  I  cannot  see  where  they  are  going  to  dispose  of  it. 
looks  in  many  cases  as  though  the  blast  furnace   plants   had   been   put  down  to   enabls 
them  to  seU  town  /ois." 

Upon  an  analysis  of  some  figures  at  my  elbow,  I  find  that  in  F'ebruary  last  out  of 
furnaces  in   Virginia,  Alabama,  Kentucky,    Tennessee,  Georgia  and  North  Carolina,  3 
were  out  of  blast.   The  Menominee  invites  the  idle  manufacturer  to  illumine  with  his  fu: 
nace  lights  its  hills,  pregnant  with  trade  possibilities  and  which  are  waiting  to  be  arouse 
into  a  sense  of  their  industrial  responsibilities.  i 

The  growing  uses  for  which  iron  and  steel  have  been  considered  to  be  applical!  i 
have  now  passed  out  of  the  realms  of  fancy  into  the  region  of  accepted  fact.  Fossil'  I 
ities  which  but  a  few  years  since  were  regarded  as  remotely  contingent  are  ni  | 
substantially  present  realities.  Iron  to-day,  literally,  enters  into  our  very  souls.  F 
architectural  purposes  iron  and  steel  have  supplanted  wood  almost  entirely,  li 
telegraph  and  electric  wire  poles,  rods  and  girders,  and  construction  work  of  eve: 
description,  the  king  of  metals  is  employed.     The  demand  for  steel  plates  and  forgin. 


■  •/  llie 
list  al 

.1   MHIS 

'  ;inia 
I  -  res  of 
fiiiial 
. liner. 

ist  tilt 
[11    iistnl. 
ill',  and 

III  ll  SO( 


laiiimate 
verthrowi 
uii;  from 
hich  pro] 

is  phenomenal.  There  are  at  present  seven  companies  which  control  the  steel  trade  :  hich  wall 
the  United  States.  Their  annual  capacity  for  rail  making  is  about  2,600,000  tons.  L;i 
year  the  Illinois  Steel  Co.,  of  Chicago,  the  most  extensive  concern  in  the  countr 
purchased  during  the  year,  3,642,660  tons  of  iron  ore.  It  employed  9;648  men  per  d 
during  the  year,  and  paid  out  in  salaries  and  wages  ;S!6,893,4i6.  It  drew  a  deep  draug: 
on  the  Menominee.  In  Chicago  alone,  the  world's  fair  and  its  consequent  constru(  tu 
of  sky  scraping  buildings,  will  necessitate  an  additional  supply  of  steel.  Modern  scicn  3  ng  and  01 
is  the  science  of  steel.  Professor  Brickmore  estimates  the  annual  consumption  of  sleepe  meaking 
— I,  of  course,  refer  to  railway  ties — at  85,000,000.     Another  authority  states   thatUaleable  ir 


)heres — t 
steel.    Ii 
ephant's 
About 
ewhall  w 


rt  of  the  iiulustriej 
Mciiomiiioe  Kiinj;? 
me  result.  '*Tli»| 
tains  .6  per  rcn; 
isic  steel  furnaro 
example,  whicli 
in  North  Carotin,; 
lie  ore  is  siliceoih 
le  pig  0.6  per  ceir ' 
:w  Jersey  are  i\h 
eremian  Head,  a; 
upon  the  matte 
t  they  are  going  t 
lot  tell.  They  ai 
ic  process  to  enaK 
;o  dispose  of  it.  ! 
)ut  down  to  enali 

ruary  last  out  of  t 
North  Carolina,  ] 
umine  with  his  fu: 
liting  to  be  arouse 

1  to  be  applicable 

ed  fact.      Posbik 

ontingent   are  ik 

r  very  souls.     1 

lost  entirely,     li 

ion   work  of   evi: 

slates  and  forgiii; 

il  the  steel  trade 

lOOjOOO  tons.      Li 

rn   in   the  counti 

9.648  men  per  d< 

ew  a  deep  draui: 

jquent  constrm  tu 

Modern  scidi 

mption  of  sleepe 

jrity  states  that 


TnK  Mknominkk    Ikon   RANr.F,.  40 

.,  (liiTe  were   516,000, oocj  of   thi'se  on  our  1  ailways.      The   averaur  life  of   an  oak  tie> 

i;,t  about  fight  years  in  tlie  Northwest,  is  but  llirec  years  in  the  Si)utiiern  stales.      .\s 

I  must  sooner  or   later   supplant   the   use   of   wood-  I   mention   this  to  enc  nura^e  niv 

M^inia   friends-  their    phospiioric   pit;    may   after   all,    find   its    Icvil   in    tits.      On    lln' 

lit, .res  of  the  Pacific  coast  I  have  seen  w«)oden  piles  rendered  useless  in  si.\  months  frotii 

IIm    fanatic  zeal   of   the  teredo   worm,    the   submerged   columns  perforated,    like    a    tin 

III, liner.      Already  iron   piles   have   been  subjecteil   to  a  process  which   enables  them  to 

[.    ist  the  rust  of  salt  water.       Ten  years  from   now  in  certain   localities  nothing  else  will 

L   used.    The  iron  fever  will  become  practicably  endemic.  Whilst  beef,  extract  of  henia- 

litc.  and  wine  may  not  enable  you  to  resist  all  the  ills  that  llcsh  is  heir  to,  llic  steel  slu-ll 

tliuh  sooner  or—  I  trust— later  may  envelope  your  remains,  will  doubtless  preserve  your 


The  Dunn  Mink. — Crvstai,  Falls  Distp.ict. 

lanimate  ashes  until  the  last  trump.      All  in  steel.      From  the  electric  dispatch   which 

iTerthrows  dynasties  to  the  brads  in  your  boots;  from  the  baby's  safety-pin  to  the  Krupp 

in;  from  the  blade  which  drips  in  conquest  over  your  landlady's  beefsteak,  to  the  blade 

[liich  propels  the  cruisers  of  destruction,  or  shears  your  cheek;  from  the  locomotive 

Jliich  waltzes  off  with  the   amazed   bride,  or   bears   the  argosys   of  wealth  from  remote 

)heres — to  the  flexible  corsets  which  embrace  the  sweetest  women  in  the  world,  all  are 

steel.    In  its  multifarious  uses,  steel  can  be  compared  on  grounds  of  adaptability  to  an 

|ephant's  trunk. 

About  1,500  tons  of  iron  wire  is  yearly  manufactured  into  pins  in  England.  The 
[ewhall  works  in  Birmingham  make  10,000,000  pins  per  day.  A  bar  of  iron  one  foot 
|ng  and  one  inch  square,  cast  from  Menominee  ore  will  bear  5,781  pounds  strain  without 
peaking.  A  cubic  foot  of  wrought  iron  weighs  486?,^  pounds.  The  specific  gravity  of 
jaleable  iron  is  7.6,  and  one  square  inch  of  it   will  sustain  a  weight  of  17,800  pounds 


'il.'!-  V        UWHIW 


ran 


JO 


T?'F  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


without  permanent  alteration.  If  iron  conserves  but  little  of  its  strength  by  rest,  it  loses 
little  cnerg)  by  use.  The  perusal  of  its  qualities  may  tire  you  out;  iron  itself  never 
suffers  from  fatigue.  1  he  question  of  a  durable  road  metal  is  one  that  must  ere  long 
occupy  the  attention  of  the  street  commissioners.  In  England,  the  casting  of  blocks  of 
slag  for  road  beds  and  coai  r^e  structural  purposes  has  been  seriously  considered.  Iron 
cars  are  gtadua!'y  replacing  the  older  fashioned  ones  of  wood.  About  8,oooof  these  are  now- 
traversing  the  railways  of  America.  The  present  consumption  of  railway  cars  is  100,000 
per  annum,  and  the  life  of  a  wooden  car  is  at  most  but  ten  years.  Of  the  23,467  vessels 
comprising  America's  merchant  marine,  644  are  of  iron  and  steel.  A  Michigan  fresh- 
water iron  steam  barge,  the  now  celebrated  whale-back  Wetmore,  recently  carried  from 
Chicagc'  to  Liverpool  95,000  bushels  of  wheat,  without  breaking  bulk.  This  could  not 
have  been  accomplished  by  a  wooden  vessel. 

The  story  of  the  advances  made  in  the  utilization  of  iron  for  purposes  hitherto  con- 
secrated to  wood,  reads  like  a  letter  from  wonderland.  The  very  ore  itself  in  its 
converted  form,  returning  like  the  prodigal  after  passing  through  the  fires  of  rude 
experience  to  the  parent  roof,  there  to  sustain  with  its  developed  strength  iu  the  shape 
of  Pteel  girders,  the  grim,  worn  out  chambers  of  its  native  mine.  At  Cannock  Chase 
ill  Staffordshire,  12,000  girder^  and  steel  pit  props  have,  so  says  Iron,  (London,  Eng- 
land) recently  been  introduced  in  the  collieries  there  in  place  of  wooden  ones. 

"The  most  extraordinary  and  persistent  increase  in  the  use  of  iron  for  other  purposes 
than  rails,  is  a  phenomenon  of  no  trifling  importance" — says  the  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal — "it  indicates  the  progress  of  a  revolution  in  constructive  methods,  or  a  tremen 
dous  increase  in  the  wealth  of  the  people,  or  both.  We  art  inclined  to  believe  botl: 
causes  contribute  to  the  result." 

So  much  then  for  the  uses  of  iron,  and  now  a  word  or  two  as  to  its  compoundins| 
demand.     In  order  to  divorce  the  subject  of  any  suspicion,  even  of  doubt,  I  must  asLj 
your  forgiveness  whilst  I  slatfl  you  with  a  quota  of  uncompromising  statistics.      Before 
making  a  break,  however,  in   this  direction,  I  would   anticipate  the — to  some  people- 
apparently  unansv/erable  statement  of  fact,  and  which  is  sure  to  menace  my  contentions 
that  the  production  of  iron  ore  in  the  states  of  America  was  greater  during  the  year  189:  ; 
than   the  demand.      In  explanation  of   this  ore  dilemma,  wliich  in  no  sense  interferes 
with  the  principles  of  trade,  and  is  a  commercial  interruption,  whose  recurrence  in  con  I 
nection  with  the  traffic  in  all  staples  not  absolutely  necessary,  is  periodically  inevitable,  i  i    ts  c."  life 
would  simply  say  that  the  consumption  of  ore  was  short  of  the  home  production — based  o'  ' 
the  data  at  my  command — by  the  amount  only  of  the  ore  shipped  to  us  from  foreign  com; 
tries.      Of   the  iron  ore  imported  during  the  fiscal  year,  ended   June,  1890,  it  exceede 
in  value   that  of  the  preceding  year  by  $908,056  (Treasury  Department  Trade  Report  \ 
i8gi).      Whilst   we  have   suffered  from   a  declining  market   consequent   upon  a  repute:  i 
increase   in   production  over   consumption,  the  fact   must   not  be  lost   sight  of,  that  tin  J 
quantity  of  pig-iron  which   actually  went   into  consumption  was    1,200,000  tons  mori- 
i8qo  than  in  i88g.  ^^^ 

To  assist  in   reaching  a  clearer  understanding  of   the  immensity  of   America's  i>'*^4w  i  am  th 
and  steel  industries,  and   as  a  key  to  further  remarks   on  the  subject  of  acceleraiim^iasure  the 


demanc 
apologj 

IVoductit 

I'rodiictic 

Productic 

Plate  and 

Plate  and 

Producfio 

nails, 

Productio 

nails, 

otal  proc 

roductioi 

roductioi 

roductioi 

otal  prod 

Iron 
he  posit 

The  qi 
;welve  yef 
npreceden 
«  regarded 
ieen  able  c 
hilst  adrai 
itili  absolu 
far  larger 
■y  are  not 
ght-and-a- 

I  wot 

890  was 

mount    t 

nsumpt 

In  1856 

n  the  wo 

It  is  pi 


*     This 
ere  as  high 
hich  woulc 
It  product. 

over  one 
s  been  inc 
me  result, 

s.     Buttl 
Insumption 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


51 


by  rest,  it  loses '. 
ron  itself  never  j 
t  must  ere  long 
ing  of  blocks  oil 
nsidered.  Iron  j 
of  these  are  now 
y  cars  is  100,0 oci 
le  23,467  vessels 
Michigan  fresh- 
itly  carried  from 
This  could  not 

ses  hitherto  con  , 
ore  itself  in  its 
he  fires  of  rude 
igth  in  the  shape 
;  Cannock  Chase 
[,  (London,  Eng 
1  ones. 

or  other  purpose? 
fering  and  Mimn- 
ods,  or  a  tremen 
i  to  believe  botl 


demand,  with  which  the  Menominee  is  so  indissolubly  connected,    I   append  without 
apok>gy  a  summary  of  her  trade  for  the  year  1890. 


NET  TONB. 

[Production  of  pig  iron l*"'. 307, 028 

Irroduction  of  bar,  rod  and  hoop  iron. .  2,208,880 

Irroduction  of  bar,  rod  and  hoop  steel. .  1,235,970 

j  Plate  and  sheet  iron,  except  nail  plate. .  505,642 

[Plate  and  sheet  steel,  except  nail  plate. .  401, 537 
IProducfion  of  all  rolled  iron  and  iron 

nails,  excluding  rails 2,804,829 

|Production  of  all  rolled  steel  and  steel 

nails,  excluding  rails 1,829,247 


iTotal  proOurMon  oi  rails 2,111,544 

^reduction  of  sttel  ingots 5.786,061   i   I''*'"  ^^^  steel  ships  built 

Production  of  all  kinds  of  crude  sleel..  4,790,319   \   Miles  of  new  railroad  completed 

Production  of  iron  blooms 30,783  Total   number   of    miles    of    railroad 

Total  production  of  nails,  100  lb.  kegs. .  8,776,857              December  31 


Value  of  imports  of  iron  and  steel $44,540,084 

Value  of  exports  of  iron  and  steel $27,000,134 

•  GROSS  TONB. 

Imports  of  iron  ore 1,246,830 

Domestic  production  of  iron  ore 18,000,000 

Shipments  of  anthracite  coal  from  the 

mines 35,855,175 

Total  domestic  production  of  coal 140,022.264 

63 
6,344 


167,741 


its  compounding 
loubt,  I  must  ask  ^ 
tatistics.      Before  7 
to  some  people- 
e  mv  contentions, 
ing  the  year  180: 

sense  interferes 
recurrence  in  cor 
ically  inevitable, 
duction — based  0: 
rom  foreign  cour, 
1890,  it  excee.U' 

nt  Trade  Repori 
it   upon  a  repute 

sight  of,  that  tli: 

000  tons  morr  1 

of   America's    lo: 
;ct  of  accelerauii. 


Iron,  the  leading  metal  trade  journal  of  Great  Britain,  thus  refers  to  the  reversals  of 
he  position  as  regards  the  iron  and  steel  industries  of  the  two  countries. 

The  quantity  of  pig-iron  made  in  the  United  States  has,  in  fact,  more  than  trebled  within  the  last 
welve  years,  and  more  than  doubled  within  the  last  six.  Such  a  rate  of  progress  is  absolutely 
nprecedented.  Compared  with  such  strides  as  these,  the  progress  made  by  Great  Britain  must  certainly 
le  regarded  as  slow.  //  has  taken  us  twenty-seven  years  to  double  our  production,  and,  indeed,  wa  have  not 
)t'en  able  quite  to  maintain  the  figures  reached  in  1881-3.  Moreover,  we  are  now  unable  any  longer, 
whilst  admitting  the  relatively  greater  progress  made  by  the  United  States,  to  point  to  the  fact  that  we  are 
till  absolutely  the  greater  producers  of  pig-iron,  for  there  can  bo  no  question  that  last  year  America  made 
far  larger  quantity  of  pig-iron  than  did  Great  Britain.  The  official  figures  of  the  production  of  this  coun- 
y  are  not  yet  published,  but  the  output  may  betaken  as  about  8,000,000  tons.  In  1889  it  amounted  to 
ight-and-a-quarter  millions. 


I  would  here  note  a  co-incidence.  The  production  of  pig-iron  in  Great  Britain  in 
890  was  less  than  that  of  the  United  States  by  1,200,000  tons,  or  by  precisely  the  same 
mount  that  the  consumption  of  pig-iron  in  this  country  in  i8go  was  in  excess  of  its 
onsumption  for  1889. 

In   1856  the  Hon.  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  the   universally  known  iron-master,  in  a  treatise 
n  the  world's  consumption  and  production  of  iron,  made  this  wonderful  forecast: 

It  is  plain  that  the  consumption  of  iron  is  rapidly  on  the  increase,   as  well  from  the  progress  in   the 

ts  c?  life,  as  from  the  increase  in  population,  pnd  the  steady  march  of  Christianity  and  civilization."     *    * 

This  consideration  has  an  important  bearing  upon  the  iron  making  resources  of  the  world;  for  if  it 

ere  as  highly  civilized  as  Great  Britain,  mankind  would  consume  as  much  iron   per  head,  viz:  144  pounds 

ihich  would  make  a  total  annual  consumption  of  about  60,000,000  of  tons,  or  nearly  seven  times  the  pres- 

t  product.       *    *    *     It  is  apparent  that  when  it  reaches  this  point,  the  annual  consumption  of  iron  will 

over  one  hundred  millions  of  tons,  for  it  is  to  be  remembered  also  that  the  annual  consumption  per  head 

s  been  increasing;  that  in  115  years  it  has  increased  seventeen  fold.     If  the  next  century  should  show  the 

imc  result,  the  consumption  would  be  300  pounds  per  head,    requiring;  an  annual  make  of  140,000,000  of 

But  the  population  of  the  world  in  100  years  will  be  probably  nearly  doubled,  which  would  raise  the 

insumption  to  over  200,000,000  of  tons  per.  annum.     #    *     *    Common  sense  stands  apalled  before  these 

mense  figures.     Previous  to  this  investigation  I  have  never  allowed   myself  to  look  the  facts  in  the  face, 

I  am  therefore  desirous  to  submit  them  to  the  severest  examination.      Let  me   ask  you  therfore  to 

asure  the  future  carefully  by  the  past. 


I 


53 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


From  1740  to  1885  the  production  of  iron  increased  seventy-fold.  If  the  same  rate  of  increase  should 
prevail  for  115  years  to  come  the  annual  make  would  reach  490,000,000  tons,  and  it  is  to  be  observed  that 
the  ratio  of  increase  has  been  an  increasing  one  for  each  period  of  ten  years  since  1740,  and  not  a  decreas- 
ing one.  Commencing  with  1806,  it  required  till  1824,  a  period  of  18  years  to  double  the  production  in 
Great  Britain.  By  1836  it  was  again  doubled,  requiring  a  period  of  only  twelve  years.  In  1847  it  was 
again  doubled,  reqniring  eleven  years.  In  1855  a  period  of  eight  years,  it  had  risen  from  2,000,000,  to 
3,500,000,  at  which  rate  it  would  double  in  ten  years. 

These  figures  must  be  very  wearying,  let  me 

lend  to  them  a  halo  of  romance,  and 

introduce  to  you 


Now  if  the  production  of 
only  once  in  twenty  years, 
14,000,000;  in  1895,  28,000,- 
1935,  96,000,000;  and  in  1955, 
so  enormous  as  to  defy  any 
they  will  be  realized.  And  «C  ,fj^ 
the  prediction  in  England  in  ^' 
17,350  tons,  that  in  115  years 
and-a-half  millions  of  tons, 
as  a  lunatic,  and  told  that  all 
and  all  the  mineral  resources 
adequate  to  one  fourth  of  such 

That  this  prophecy 
more  than  fulfilled  I  will 
Hon.  Edward  Atkinson, 
economists  of  the  day, 
upon    the   subject,    sub- 


the  world  were  to  double 
the  make  in  1875  would  lie 
000;  in  1915,  48,000,000;  ill 
192,000,000.  Figures  again 
man  of  common  sense  to  sa\ 
yet  if  any  one  had  ventured 
1740,  when  the  make  was 
the  make  would  reach  three- 
he  would  have  been  regarded 
the  men,  and  all  the  wealth, 
of  Great  Britain  were  nut 
an  incredible  production. 

up  to  date  has  been 
now  prove  through  tlie 
one  of  the  most  eminent 
who  last  year  in  writing 
mitted  the  following. 


SUMMARY  OF  CONSUMPTION.— 1870  and  1889  Inclusive. 


POUNDS 


In  1870  to  1878  incluFive,  ihe  average  consumption  of  iron  per  capita  by  the  people  of  the  United 

States,  as  nearly  as  it  can  be  computed,  did  not  exceed lot! 

In  1879,  taken  separately,  it  may  have  been  approxima  ;ely 2()ii 

In  1889  it  was  in  excess  of 30fi 

In  1889  the  consumption  or  use  of  iron  in  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany  and   Belgium,  did   not 

exceed  per  capita 17.' 

If  there  were  upon  the  globe  in  i88g  about  1,200,000,000  p    >ple,  aside  from  the  population  of  the 

foregoing  countries,  then  their  average  consumption  of  iron  did  not  exceed  per  capita 11  to  U' 


SUMMARY  IN  ROUND  FIGURES  AND  GROSS  TONS.— 1889. 

POPULATION.  PER  CAPITA. 

United  States 64,000,000  300  pounds 

Great  Britain,  France,  Germany  and  Belgium 136,000,000  175 

All  the  rest 1,200,000,000  11      " 


TONS 

8,500,0(111 

10,500,00(1 

6, 000,  Oil" 


Total 1,400,000,000 


40  pounds 


25,OOO.O0ii 


Juraschek  and  Lexis,  two  celebrated  German  professors,  also  have  just  compiled 
some  elaborate  statistics  concerning  the  world's  production  and  consumption  of  in  a 
Whilst  differing  somev/hat  from  Mr.  Atkinson  in  their  estimate  of  the  consumption  by 
countries,  they  reach  almost  the  same  aggregate  conclusions.  The  figures  are  given  in 
metric  tons  of  1,000  kilos— 1,016  kilos  are  equal  to  an  ordinary  ton.  In  1840  the  imi 
output  of  the  world  is  placed  at  2,900,000  metric  tons;  in  i86o,  7,360,000  tons;  in  1870, 
12,095,000  tons;  in  1880,  18,383,000  tons;   and  in  1890,^27,146,000  tons! 


The  Menominee  Iron  Ranoe. 


53 


of  increase  should 
tr  be  observed  that  J 
,  and  not  a  decreas  ;| 
e  the  production  in 
Irs.     In  1847  it  was 
from   2,000,000,   to 


i    were    to    double 
!   in    1875   would  lie 
915,    48,000,000;   in 
00.      Figures    again 
jmmon  sense  to  say 
y  one  had  ventured 
len    the    make    was 
would  reach  three- 
have  been  regarded 
and  all  the  wealth, 
t    Britain   were    not 
lible  production. 

date  has  been 
rove  through  the 
:he  most  eminent 
it  year  in  writing 
the  following. 


the  Un 

POUNIIS 

ited 

2011 

300 

um,  did 

not 

175 

ition  of 

the 

...11  to  VI 

9- 

A. 

ds 

TONS 

8,500,001 

10,500,001 

6,000,00' 

ds 

25,000.001 

Ive  just  compik'd 

[umption  of  iri  11 

consumption  by 

|ures  are  given  in 

In  1840  the  ii'i 

)o  tons;   in  1870, 


The  comparative  production  during  i8go  is  given  as  follows: — Great  Britain,  8,001,000  metric  tons; 
United  States,  9,348,000  tons;  Germany,  including  Luxemburg,  4,637,000  tons;  France,  1,970,000  tons; 
.•Vustria,  Hungary,  925,000  tons;  Belgium,  782,000  tons;  Russia,  667,000  tons;  Sweden,  421,000  tons;  Spain, 
232,000  tons;  Canada,  i6, 000  tons;  Italy,  13,000  tons;  New  South  Wales,  4,000  tons;  Switzerland,  I'ortu- 
f,'al,  Norway,  and  Turkey,  25,000  tons;  Japan,  and  other  countries,  95,000  tons.  Of  welded  iron  and  steel 
the  totals  are  distributed  as  follows: — Of  welded  iron.  Great  Britain  turned  out  1,954.000  tons;  United 
States,  2,558,000  tons;  Germany,  1,454,000  tons;  France,  823,000  tons;  Belgium,  507,000  tons.  Of  steel. 
Great  Britain  produced  3,636,000  tons;  United  States,  4,345,000  tons;  Germany,  2, 161,000  tons:  France, 
566,000  tons;  Belgium,  236,000  tons;  and  Austria,  441,000  tons.  The  following  table,  according  to  Messrs 
Jurashek  and  Lexis,  illustrates  the  comparative  consumption  of  pig-iron  during  the  periods  mentioned: — 

PIG  IRON  CONSUMPTION. 


Average  1880-1884. 

TOTAL  METRIC  TONS.  PER  HEAD. 

Great  Britain 4,275,000  266  2  lb. 

United  States 4,674,000  193.6  1b. 

Germany 3,182,000  154.     lb 

France 2,164,000  127.6  lb. 

Belgium 532,000  206.8  1b. 

Austria-Hungary 746,000  44.     lb. 


Average  1889. 


TOTAL  METRIC  TONS. 

7,815,000 
7,840,000 
4,373,000 
1,062,000 
1,073,000 
941,000 


PER  IIEAU. 

440.  •)  lb. 
284.9  lb. 
202.     lb. 

95.5  lb. 
393  4  lb. 

51.     lb. 


These  figures  show  that  in  every  country  named,  exceptmg  France,  vast  annual 
progress  in  the  utilization  of  iron  has  been  made. 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Hewitt's  prophesy  for  1895,  will  be  more  than  ful- 
filled. Analyzingthe.se  conditions,  and  pursuing  the  subject  further,  Mr.  Atkinson  asks: 
Is  it  not  almost  certain  that  the  consumption  of  iron  will  go  on  increasing  in  the  period  which  will 
elapse  between  1890  and  1900 — not  only  in  ratio  to  the  population,  but  also  in  a  measure  corresponding  to 
the  increase  per  capita,  which  was  developed  between  1877  and  1889?  Let  it,  however,  be  assumed  that  the 
increase  per  capita  will  only  rise  from  300  to  400  pounds  per  head,  then  the  90,000,000  of  people  who  will 
occupy  this  country  in  the  year  igoo,  may  require  our  present  supply  and  in  addition  thereto,  7,000,000 
gross  Jons.  If  the  demand  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany  and  Belgium  shali  increase  only  20  per  cent, 
ill  the  next  ten  years,  that  increase  will  create  a  demand  in  addition  to  their  present  consumption,  for 
2,000,000  tons.  If  the  consumption  of  the  rest  of  Europe,  of  Asia,  of  Africa,  of  South  and  Central 
America,  and  of  Australia,  shall  only  carry  their  demand  from  eleven  or  twelve  pounds  per  capita  to 
twenty-two  or  twenty-four  pounds,  then,  in  addition  to  their  present  supply  of  6,000,000,  they  would 
require  6,000,000  more. 

Mr.  Atkinson  summarizes  these  conclusions  as  follows:  tons. 

Present  production 25,000,000 

Increased  consumption  in  the  United  States 7,000,000 

"  "  "    Great  Britain,  France,  Germany  and  Belgium. .  .2,000,000 

"  all  the  rest  of  the  world 6,000,000 

Total  increase  of  demand 15,000,000 


■■) 


Total  supply  required 40.000,000 

In  1889  the  demand  for  iron  was  76  per  cent  greater  than  in  1878.  *  *  *  Is  there  not  reason  to 
xpect  the  increase  in  the  demand  of  1900,  as  compared  to  1889  to  be  as  great  as  the  increase  of  demand  of 
88g  was  in  ratio  to  that  of'i878?  In  such  event  the  supply  for  the  year  1900  must  be  44,000,000  gross  tons. 
But  even  this  base  of  computation  is  not  regarded  by  Mr.  Atkinson  as  a  complete 
one,  for  he  justly  adds,  in  order  to  establish  a  fair  method  of  forecasting  future  demand: 
VVemust  compare  as  many  periods  of  eleven  years  each  with  the  other  as  the  statistical  data  will  cover 
n  order  to  develop  the  apparent  law  of  (/f(,Vtvv;//;/^</£7«(;«i/.  *  *  »  If  then  one  may  predicate  a  continu- 
ince  of  this  law  for  the  next  eleven  years,  neither  forty  or  forty-four  million  gross  tons  wi..  suffice  in  the 
ear  1900.  If  this  increasing  demand  continues,  the  supply  must  be  100  per  cent  in  excess  of  that  which 
low  prevails — the  supply  in  igoo  must  be  50,000,000  gross  or  56,<.,oo,ooo  net  tons.  Who  will  supply  it  ? 
Yes,  "who  will  supply  it?"  I  make  bold  to  answer  Mr.  Atkinson's  most  pertinent 
uery  by  propounding  anyway  h  partial  solution  of  the  difficulty  when  I  submit  m  reply 

The  Great  Menominee  Iron  Range!" 
4       ,       " 


u 


( > 


Oh 
U 

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u 


TnK   Mknomini'T.   Ikon    Kan(;k. 


$5 


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U 


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5- 

u 


I  have  referred  elsewhere  to  the  railway  system  of  transporting  ore.  A  word  as  to 
liie  iron  ore  marine.  From  the  six  iron  ore  ports  of  Michigan  and  Superior  in  1H90,  viz. : 
i'scanaba.  Marquette,  St.  Ignace,  (lladstone,  Ashland  and  Two  Harbors,  was  shipped 
K^spcctively,  3,792,006;  1,267,777;  21,501;  82,902;  1,618,206;  and  880,014  long  tons  of 
iidii  ore.  To  convey  these  7,662,499  tons  of  compact  freight  it  necessitated  nearly  3,000 
(  argos.  To  enable  you  to  grasp  the  immensity  of  this  trade,  I  might  add  that  it  would 
have  taken  the  combined  carrying  capacity  of  the  whole  of  America's  merchant  marine 
twice  over  to  transport  the  product,  representing  two  cargos  and  two  voyages,  for  every 
one  of  the  22,428  hulls  of  registered  American  bottom.  Tlnse  ships  are  of  a  type 
distinctly  peculiar  to  the  Great  Lakes.  '1  he  Jifariiif  Jia'iew  oi  Cleveland,  has  kindly 
allowed  me  to  present  you  with  a  picture  of  the  most  recent  addition  to  the  United 
States  fresh  water  fleet,  the  E.  C.  Pope,  named  after  the  eminent  iron  ore  dealer  of 
Cleveland,  and  built  by  the  Dry  Dock  Co.,  of  Detroit.  The  Pope  is  314  feet  keel,  and 
3J4^<  feet  over  all;  brearlth  42  feet;  depth  24  feet;  engine,  cylinders  22  inches, 
35  inches,  56  inches;  stroke  44  inches;  two  boilers,  diameter,  14  feet  2  inches;  length, 
II  feet,  6  inches.  On  Sept.  2d,  1890,  with  a  cargo  of  3,109  net  tons  of  ore,  and  a  draft 
of  14  feet,  6  inches,  and  a  displacement  of  4,710  net  tons  with  Capt.  Geo.  Miner — even 
tlic  skipper's  name  is  a  "harmony" — -in  command,  she  ran  314  miles  in  22  hours, 
39  minutes,  with  an  indicated  horse  power  of  1357,  and  an  hourly  coal  consumption  of 
j,()32  pounds.  She  has  since  carried  3,608  net  tons  drawing  16  feel  of  water.  She 
carried  on  another  occasion  125,990  bushels  of  corn  with  a  draft  of  15  feet,  10  inches, 
flight  she  averaged  within  a  fraction  of  16  miles  an  hour.  Such  are  the  vessels  which 
transport  the  viscera  of  the  Menominee  to  eastern  furnaces,  bearing  with  them  a  return 
cargo  of  water-ballast  only. 

Upon  reference  to  the  summary  of  the  iron  and  steel  trade  of  this  country  for  i8go, 

it  will  be  seen  that  the  value  of   our  imports,  exclusive  of   ore,  is  given  as  :544, 540,084, 

representing  over   700,000   tons   of  metal.      This  estimated  tonnage,  however,  does  not 

include  the  metal  contained  in  the  52,831,000  worth  of  machinery,  the  $2,532,000  worth 

of  cutlery  or  the  $1,388,000  worth  of  firearms  included  in  the  total  value  of  iinports,  but 

|of  the  weight  of  which  the  Trade  and  Navigation  Report  gives  us  no  return.      Surely  the 

day  is  not  far  remote  when  not  alone  will  our  native  industries  be  supplying  our  own 

domestic   want  in  these  lines  of   manufacture,  but   meeting  the  expanding   demands  of 

oreign   countries  also.      I  find,  however,  an  item  which  may  be  of  some  interest  to  the 

ndustrious  house-wives  of  this  range,  namely,  that  of  $267,831  for  needles!      Hereafter 

ny  objurgation  on  the   part  of  the  married  miner,  when  he   discovers  he   is  "short  on 

uttons,"   will    De  perfectly   justifiable.      A   further   study  of   the  elaborate  reports   by 

he  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Mr.  S.  G.  Brock,  at  Washington,  on  our  foreign 

onimerce,  reveals   the  suggestive   fact   that   the   price   of  pig-iron    imported    into  this 

ountry   during  the  last  fiscal  year,  1890,  actually  exceeded  the  value  of  the  article   in 

he  foreign  market  from  whence  imported,  for  the  preceding  year,  by  $8.90  per  ton. 

I  offer  this  as  another  trade  nut  for  the  American  Iron-master  to  crack,  and  return 
ith  renewed  faith  to  a  further  study  of  marvellous  Menominee. 


Wauced 
(-•stimabl 
Jireferen 
iiidustrie 


CHAPTBR   IV 


Tl)e  Iron  ?\\nz^  of  tl)e  Aenominee  Range. 


; 


Pacts  and  Fancies. 

The  mines  of  the  Menominee  Range  last  year  produced  jointly,  as  already  shown 
in  detail,  2,282,137  tons  of  ore.  The  aggregate  output  of  the  ij6  mines  in  active  opera- 
tion during  the  calendar  year  1890,  throughout  the  whole  Lake  Superior  region — 
according  to  the  statistics  as  prepared  by  the  Iron  Trade  Revieiv — amounted  to  9,003,701 
tons.  Of  this  total  the  Vermillion  Range  in  Minnesota  produced  880,014  tons,  the  other 
three  ranges  supplying  the  difference  of  8,123,  687. 

It  is  possible  there  is  an  error  of  a  few  thousand  tons,  for  in  a  manuscript  statement 
forwarded  to  me  by  Mr.  S.  G.  Brock,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, Washington — and  whose  courtesy  I  beg  to  acknowledge — taken  from  the  annual 
statistical  report  of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  Association,  I  find  that  the  Vermillion 
Range  is  credited  with  880,264  ^^^  *^he  Lake  Superior  mines  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin 
with  8,132,115,  raising  thf?  aggregate  total  by  8,678  tons.  Practically  this  of  course  has 
no  more  effect  on  the  result  than  has  a  mosquito  on  a  fly  wheel. 

Of  the  178  mines  in  the  entire  Lake  Superior  region  in  operation  off  and  on  since 
1878,  I  find  that  they  represent  for  the  period  of  thirteen  years,  900  mines  for  one  year, 
or  one  mine  for  goo  years,  with  an  average  annual  production  of  51,090  tons.  '^  ving 
this  period  the  smallest  output  by  any  one  mine  was  the  Wheeling  of  the  Marquette 
Range,  74  tons  in  1887,  and  the  greatest  that  of  the  Norrie,  Gogebic  Range,  906,728  in 
1890.  The  further  detailed  :onsideration  of  the  individual  mines  of  the  range,  I  shall 
leave  to  be  dealt  with  in  the  chapters  descriptive  of  the  towns  within  whose  limits  they 
are  situated  or  to  whose  markets  they  are  tributary. 

In  a  publication  of  this  nature  I  am  sure  that  you  have  no  desire,  and  I  assure  you 
I  have  none,  to  enter  into  all  the  sombre  mysteries  of  mining  as  a  science  of  techni- 
calities. Probably  all  that  you  care  about  knowing,  non-scientific  reader,  now  that  your 
a})petite  for  wealth  has  been  whetted  by  a  display  of  Menominee  mineral,  is  the  shortest 
and  most  practical  way  of  reaching  the  base  of  supply,  the  birth  place  of  iron — sphynx- 
like  in  its  crass  entity,  yet  typical  of  all  things  durable,  unfrangible  and  superlative.  As 
you  have  been  told,  there  are  47  mines  in  the  Menominee,  which  gasp  at  you  with  their 
black  mouths,  like  the  jaws  of  Jonah's  whale  in  Dores'  painting,  and  at  intervals,  from 
Waucedah  to  Crystal  Falls.  These  mines  are  "run"  for  the  most  part,  by  very 
estimable  managers,  and  I  have  a  diffidence  in  taking  you  down  one  instead  of — not  in 
l>reference  to,  mind  you — another,  for  fear  the  united  management  of  the  46  unvisited 
iiidustries,   might  traffic  with  a  pit-boss  to  smuggle  me  into  obscurity.      However,  I'll 


1^ 


Thp  Mf.nominef,  Iron  Rangk. 


run  chances  and  as  tlic  Iron  IVloinitain  miii'-s  arc  within  rifh;  shot  of  wlu;re  I  tliis  ilay  sit. 
i  will  elect  lo  coiuiuct  you  into  one  of  its  many  shaft  houses,  conditionally  tiiat  under  nu 
consideration  will  you  be  seduced  into  divuIj^Mn^  the  name  of  the  mine  into  whose  coM 
crypts  I  am  about  to  lead  you. 

On  the  side  of  a  hil!  at  the  base  of  its  second  bench,  and  which  hill,  carved  and 
chopped  up,  like  the  drop  ciirtain  in  a  Chinese  theatre,  reaches  skyv/ard  some  :^o  feet, 
stands  a  brown  red  shaft  house,  at  whose  ntrancc  several  hundred  men  are  lounging  in 
every  conceivable  attitude  of  repose  that  happens  to  constitute  their  idea  of  rest.  These 
men  with  hardly  an  exception  are  cos'umed  in  the  picturescjue  and  serviceable  outfit  df 
their  calling.  Sou' -Westers,  oil  skins  and  knee  ndiber  boots,  an  army  of  stiilwarts  in 
tlieir  uniform  of  rust.  In  each  hat  is  either  an  iron  stick  holding  its  yellow  stearinc 
( .ind'e,  or  a  small  tin  oil  lamp,  all  lighted,  the  flames  of  which  wr've  diversely  in  th,. 
faint  pulses  of  air  that  reach  the  place.  E  ery  man  who  is  not  smoking  is  chewing. 
The  ravs  of  a  setting  sun  salute  the  group  from  over  the  hilltop,  and  'ighten  up 
imnece.5sarily  the  s.ia  of  smiling  faces  with  halos  of  hope.  This  is  the  night  shift.  It 
is  quite  possible  that  ono  or  more  of  their  number  may  be  novv  drawing  his  last 
"surface"  breath  and  bidding  an  eternal  farewell  to  the  sunshine.  God  knows  best. 
Not  a  trace,  however,  of  any  such  impending  poLsibility  finds  outwarl  reflex.  The 
ringing  of  the  bell  at  the  pit-mouth,  signal  of  a  descending  cage,  might  he  the  pealing  of 
wedding  bells  instead  of   a  sui'.nons  into  the  presence  of  abysmal  risks. 

If  you  are  any  kind  of  a  "decent  chap"  at  all.  you  will  probably  say  to  this  multi- 
tude of  humcns  as  you  approach  them,  "(iood  day,  boys,"  when  in  secular  imitation  of 
the  tongues   which   were   loosened   at    Pentecost,   you   will   probably   be    greeted    thus; 

"How'dy," 

"  Good  day,  partner," 

"Bon  jour,  in'seur," 

"CukI  dag," 

"  Buun  Giorno,  Come  va." 

Of  the  thousands  of  men  working  in  these  mines,  about  one-third  are  English,  one- 
third  Swede,  and  the  remainder  Hungarians,  Russian  Finns,  Poles,  Freuch,  Germans 
and  Italians.  The  Cornish  men  as  a  class  make  the  best  miners.  The  Swedes,  after  a 
transatlantic  e.'cperience,  ranking  next. 

At  the  captain's  office  you  have  changed  your  "outht,"  and  are  now  attired  in  a 
creaking  uniform  of  rusty  oil-skin.      The  cage  is  waiting  for  us  and  the  men  beckoning. 

Yes,  come  along.  Fourteen  hundred  feet  ol  a  drop.  L)  eper  than  soir  ■  stiaf*  ,  but 
'haUow  compared  with  others.  The  Belgian  coal  mines  at  Fldiu  are  3,700  fee:  Tlic 
silver  mines  at  Adalbert  in  Austria  are  3,279  feet  deep.  The  copper  mines  at  Calumet 
in  Michigan  are  nearly  4,000  feet  deep.  These  sb.afts  are  gloomy  as  Erebus,  the  oiilv 
light  that  reaches  yc^'.  being  the  fitfui  flicker  of  your  candle,  that  sways  in  its  stick,  and 
brings  out  the  cavernous  simdows  into  nore  tangible  and  aln'ost  audible  blackness.  .As 
you  drop  lower  and  lower,  the  feeling  grows  stronger,  tl.at  whi'st  you  are  stationary,  tlic 
7aaf/s  of  rock  are  rushing  by  you  chasing  the  timbers  that  hem  you  in,  in  a  mad  frantic 
race  to  the  surface,  a  diminishing  port-hole  above  j'our  head,  and  through  which  hatch 
way,  that  appears  to  frame  a  bit  of  heavenly  blue  night-shirt,  L)uttoned  with  aurifero  i^- 
stars,  you  beg  that  a  watchful  divinity  will  permit  no  careless  vandal  to  drop  a  twent> 


right  to 
and  his 
Whil 

jmine. 
[and  Soo  i 

above— 
h)ools  at  ' 
[whicli  se( 

are  now 
llarity  of 
[g'-t  pinch 


Thf.  Menominee  Iron  Ranoe. 


59 


ill,  carved  and 
some     so  f'^ct, 
ire  lounging  in 
•f  rest.     These 
ceable  outfit  of 
of  stalwarts  in 
yellow  stearinc 
iversely  in  th,. 
ig  is  chewinf,'. 
nd   lighten    up 
night  shift.      It 
awing   his    last 
ad  knows  best. 
.1   refiex.      Tlu' 
i  the  pealing  ot 

/  to  this  multi- 
liar  imitation  of 
greeted    thus: 


English,  one-  '] 
eiich,  Germans 
iwedes,  after  a 

low  attired  in  a 
nen  beckoning', 
oir  •  shaft  ,  but 
700  fee:  The 
es  at  Calumet 
rebus,  the  only 
1  its  stick,  and 
blackness.  As 
stationary,  tlie 
n  a  mad  frantic 
h  which  hatcli- 
with  aurifero  ;> 
drop  a  twenty 


pdund  crowbar.  Stories  are  told  you  of  how  men  have  fallen  hundreds  of  feet  down 
such  shafts  and  survived  the  shock,  and  again  of  others  wiio  have  not  dropped  a  tenth 
of  the  distance,  and  yet  been  reduced  to  a  jelly.  Out  of  the  140  accidents  in  the  15 
mines  within  the  county  of  Menominee,  iluring  iHgo,  and  out  of  4,012  men  employed, 
lliere  were  but  20  fatalities.  Eight  of  these  were  caused  by  falling  down  the  shafts, 
from  iH  to  1,300  feet;  seven  were  from  falls  of  ground.  A  verdict  of  accidental  death 
being  returned  in  all  cases.  In  his  last  annual  report,  Mr.  J.  H.  Knight,  County 
Inspector  of  Mines,  makes  this  reference  to  the  important  ciuestion  of  responsibility: 
"  I  have  been  criticized  because  I  did  not  place  the  blame  for  every  casualty   upon 

either  employer  ur  employed.  We  must 
not  lose  sight  of  the  fad  that  despite  the 
greatest  efforts  and  the  use  of  e\  -^ry 
safeguard  known  to  the  industry,  ihe 
element  of  danger  can  never  be  elimi- 
nated from  mining,  and  I  should  be 
wanting  in  common  sense  to  attempt  to 
place  responsibility  on  human  agency 
which  belongs  to  a  higher  power."  Mr. 
Knight  is  right.  The  miners  neglect 
hov.cver  is  usually  accepted  as  contri- 
butory to  the  result.  Constant  familiarity 
begets  indifference.  Neglect  of  personal 
precautions  on  the  part  of  the  miners 
should  only  serve  to  incite  the  manage- 
ment to  a  more  watchful  exercise  of 
authority.  The  miner  is  after  all  but  a 
"ward."  If  he  neglects  his  own  safety 
the  vigilance  of  his  employers  should  be 
doubled,  but  he  should  be  compelled — 
by  punishment  il  need  be — to  mend  his 
lax  ways.  Bearing  on  all  this  I  have 
one  suggestion.  When  a  jury  is  needed 
to  investigat  ,  a  mining  accident,  impanel 
"miners."  None  but  an  expert  has  any 
i right  to  sit  in  judgment  on  such  a  case.  Such  a  jury  is  the  miners  best  safeguard, 
[and  his  inalienable  right. 

What  a  chamber  of  veiled  mysteries  is  the  low  vaulted  room  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep 
|jnme.  We  have  reached  the  14th  level,  more  than  1400  vertical  feet  below  the  surface 
land  800  feet  below  the  level  of  Lake  Michigan.  Big  drops  of  water  fall  from  the  rocks 
jabove—  small  streams  in  places — and  tumble  with  a  suggestive  splash  into  the  awesome 
Ipools  at  your  feet,  whose  terrors  are  magnified  by  the  cut  shadows  of  jasper  buttresses 
jwhich  seem  to  be  shutting  in  upon  you  like  the  iron  walls  of  an  inquisitor's  vault.  You 
jare  now  in  the  heart  of  the  great  Menominee  ore  deposit,  which  from  its  extent,  regu- 
llarity  of  occurrence  and  purity  of  ore  might  be  called  a  vein.  These  beds  so'-ietimes 
Igf't  pinched  out,  and  faults  or  failures  occur,  but  even  so  these  waves  of  iron  stone  often 


Miners  Descending  Shaft,  Pewabic  Mine. 


6o 


The  Mknom'nke  Iron  Range. 


overlap  and  the  dropped  skein  can  be  picked  up  and  followed.  Sometimes  these  lensi  s 
of  ore  will  be  scattered  like  hu^e  lima  beans  crystalized  in  this  basin  of  metailiferons 
soup.  Again  the  deposit  will  run  in  shape  like  a  gigantic  warped  leather  strap,  or  ;i 
congealed  wave  having  a  lateral  motion,  again  disparting  and  becoming  like  a  shoal  uf 
enormous  fish,  or  a  mammoth  subterranean  pudding  with  the  lenses  of  ore  in  the  place 
of  plums,  the  width  of  the  deposit  ranging  from  five  to  eight  hundred  and  even  one 
thousand  feet. 

Here  as  you  leave  this  chamber  and  enter  a  drift,  moving  east,  you  pass  through 
some  60  feet  of  an  ore  vein  on  the  way  to  a  winze,  a  smaller  shaft,  up  which  you  can  l>v 
nimierous  perpendicular  ladders  mount  from  level  to  level,  until  you  gain  the  surface. 
This  plan  however,  this  toiling  upward,  is  wet,  risky  and  laborious,  and  after  four  or  five 
hundred  feet  of  a  climb  is  probably  abandoned  for  the  more  exciting  bucket.  The 
interior  of  a  mine  is  full  of  surprises,  A  wall  of  impenetrable  blackness  stares  you  in 
the  face;  progress  is  barred.  An  unusual  effort  on  your  candle's  part  reveals  a  turn, 
trembling  you  grope  your  way  round  the  barrier  and  suddenly  a  weird  tableau  confronts 
you.  Silhouetted  against  the  jasper  walls  stand  a  group  of  miners.  Exaggerated  and 
theatrical  in  the  htful  light — the  red  and  yellow  of  stearine  and  coal  oil— you  scan  ;i 
page  from  the  inferno.  These  men  are  blasting  and  are  now  placing  in  position  tlie 
fuses  of  dislodgment.  The  cry  of  warning  reaches  you  and  whilst  you  yet  wonder,  a 
hoarse  shout  in  your  ear  and  a  grip  of  steel  about  your  wrist  and  you  are  hurried  out  of 
reach  of  harm  behind  the  shelter  of  remote  passages.  Two  fuses,  ordinarily  speaking', 
will  remove  from  eight  to  ten  tons.  The  report  of  the  explosions  reach  you  like  muffled 
drums.  Hasty  examination  shows  some  thirty  tons  of  ore  to  have  been  moved,  and 
"partner"  shakes  hands  with  "partner"  on  the  conquest  of  mind  over  matter,  and  the 
incident  is  the  theme  of  chat  on  that  level  for  a  d;  or  so  until  some  more  exciting 
exploit  obliterates  it.  This  streak  of  luck  is  an  excuse  for  a  smoke,  and  under  the  pro- 
tecting security  of  posts  and  studdles,  which  are  bent  and  bellied  with  the  millions  of 
tons  of  overlying  rock  and  ore,  you  can  pull  at  your  pipe  safe  from  fire  damp,  and  talk 
the  lingo  current  in  thase  strange,  damp  diggings. 

Night  shift  men  come  on  at  seven  and  work  till  twelve,  when  they  hav?  -in  hour's 
spell  for  supper  on  the  surface.  Eight-hour  men  carry  their  "tommy"  with  them 
underground,  and  work  straight  through.  A  miner  will  mine  on  an  average  about  4';! 
tons  a  day.  Last  year  at  the  Chapin  it  cost  the  company,  so  I  am  informed,  $1.98  per 
ton  to  mine,  which  fact  was  attributed  to  the  local  management  lacking  in  executive 
ability,  but  I  find  Mr.  Birkenbine  places  the  average  cost  in  all  Michigan  of  produciuj,' 
one  long  ton  at  $2.07.  The  complement  of  laborers  to  miners  is  about  three  to  five. 
The  cost  of  the  candle  to  the  miner  is  at  the  rate  of  about  one  cent  an  hour,  but  as  we 
live  in  an  age  of  scientific  marvels  electricity  will  soon  supersede  everything  in  the  shape 
of  a  motor  or  a  light  for  all  mining  purposes.  Its  general  use  for  mine  lighting  is  only 
postponed  on  the  ground  of  the  miners  wholesome  dread  of  its  hidden  dangers.  Already 
it  is  utilized  to  drive  some  of  the  largest  pumps  in  the  world.  Thompson  nnd  Van 
Deopole  of  Boston,  are  at  the  time  of  writing,  erecting  a  plant  for  the  Hamilton  Ore  Co., 
which  will  raise  100  gallons  of  water  1,325  feet  every  minute.  The  Cornisli  pumps  in  tlu' 
mine  I  have  brought  you  to  have  a  capacity  of  2,000,000  gallons  a  day  from  a  depth  ot 
800  feet.      At  the  stamp  works  of  the  copper   mines  of   the  Hecla  and  Calumet  at  Lai  c 


I 


,s 


Lind 

I'OMSC 

I  Ion< 
hacks 
resuii 
meet 

bear 

the  St 

stead 

their 

distal 

death 

the  di 

f()rnie( 

the  k< 

()1  (J  i  t 

chill    ; 

These 

iiistitu 

it   will 

utes  t 

of  ore. 

ati    hoi 

pound 

sonal 

upon, 

blows 

Recei 

accord: 

that  in 

drill,  n 

given  r 

favor  o 

of    wa§ 

( Census 

In 

that  pr 

a  day  f 

and  cai 

iron   m 

in  it." 

liigh,  w 

who  m( 

no   fuel 


The  Mknominek  Iron   Hanoe. 


6i 


aes  these  lenst  s 
of  metailiferoiis 
ther  strap,  or  a 
^  liUe  a  shoal  of 
ore  in  the  plac  c 
1   and   even  one 

ou  pass  tlirouj^h 
hich  you  can  liv 
;ain  the  surface 
after  four  or  live 
g  bucket.  The 
ss  stares  you  in 
t  reveals  a  turn, 
ableau  confronts 
ixaggerated  and 
oil — you  scan  n 

in  position  tliL 
lU  yet  wonder,  a 
re  hurried  out  of 
inarily  speakin;;, 
you  like  mufHed 
een   moved,  and 

matter,  and  the 
more  exciting 
under  the  pro- 
the  millions  of 

damp,  and  talk 

have  nn  hour's 

y"    with  them 

erage  about  ^y^ 

med,  $1.98  per 

ng   in  executive 

in  of  producini,' 

ut  three  to  five. 

lour,  but  as  we 

ng  in  the  shapi 

lighting  is  only 

gers.      Already 

npson  and  Van 

milton  Ore  Co.. 

1)  pumps  in  tlu- 

from  a  depth  >t 

alumet  at  Lai  c 


n 


•, 


Linden,  Mich.,  is  a  ginantir  pump  wliose  capacity  is  bo,o()o.()<j()  gallons  a  day,  and  its 
consort  the  Winnipeg,  of  ecpial  capacity  is  about  to  be  put  in  place,  in  the  mines  of 
Honduras  it  used  to  take  twelve  days  to  raise  100,000  gallons,  but  it  was  carried  on  the 
backs  of  miners,  in  leather  bags,  up  ladders  of  notched  poles.  Hut  why  continue?  The 
resources  of  the  Menominee  are  daily  taxing  the  brains  of  the  wisest  living  experts,  to 
nu^et  the  demands  of  the  exigencies  exacted  by  the  fabulous  value  of  its  mineral. 

As  you  sit  listening  to  the  exciting  experiences  of  your  guide,  but  which  after  all 
bear  no  comparison  with  the  thrilling  adventures  of  the  coal  miner,  the  mufHed  sound  of 
tile  steam  drills  working  in  distant  stopes  reaches  you.  The  subdued  noises  born  of  this 
steady  boring,  suggests  mammoth  beetles,  or  teredo  worms,  or  colossal  moles,  burrowing 
their  unseen  way  through  the  unexplored  foundations  of  the  world,  whilst  the  blow  of 
distant  pick  and  hammer  possesses  the  place  like  the  articulate  summons  of  some  giant 
ileath-watch,  and  the  hiss  of  compressed  air  sings  through  these  cold  granite  halls  like 
the  dirges  of  sirens.      And  it  is  cold.      Round  the  nozzles  of  the   air   pipes,  the   ice   has 


formed  a  heavy  sil- 
tlie  keen  draughts 
p  1  o  i  t  i  n  g  along 
chill  you  to  your  Ji 
These  steam  drills 
institution.  With 
it  will  take  about 
iites  to  sink  a  foot 
of  ore.  In  jasper  or 
an  hour.  With  a 
pound  hammer  is 
sonal  observation 
upon,  the  striker 
blows  of  the  ham- 
Recent  experi- 
according   to    Iron 


r'^?i.*,will 


A    LO^D    OF    VVlSCO.NSlN    Locis. 


ver  compress,  and 
which  come  ex- 
clammy  causeways 
very  marrow, 
are  a  wonderful 
the  old  hand  drill 
twenty-five  min- 
in  an  ordinary  vein 
rock  it  would  take 
hand  drill  an  eight 
useil,  and  if  per- 
is to  be  depended 
give  thirty 
mer  in  a  minute, 
ments  in  Norway, 


Age,  demonstrated 

that  in  driving  a  level  in  exceptionally  hard  horn-blendic  gneiss  by  hand  and  by  rock- 
drill,  respectively,  in  a  square  of  six  feet,  six  inches,  the  cost  of  labor  for  the  same 
given  result  was  70  per  cent,  of  the  total  cost,  as  against  55  per  cent,  of  the  total  in 
favor  of  the  air  drill.  So  much  again  for  the  concjuests  of  science.  The  average  rate 
of  wages  of  miners  per  day  on  the  Michigan  Ranges  is  according  to  Mr.  Birkinbine 
[Census  Bulletin,  No.  113),  $2.23,  and  laborers  $1.73,  underground  labor. 

In  the  island  of  Madagascar,  so  says  a  Chicago  man.,  who  has  recently  "drummed" 
that  primitive  spot  in  the  interest  of  rock  drills,  the  miners  receive  from  six  to  ten  cents 
a  day  for  fourteen  hours'  labor,  and  recently  struck  for  an  increase  of  two  cents  per  day, 
and  carried  the  point,  which  fairly  bristled  with  trade  complications.  There  are  larger 
iron  mines  than  those  of  the  Menominee,  but  from  a  trade  standpoint  they  "  are  not 
in  it."  The  Durango  Mine  in  Mexico  claims  to  be  a  solid  mountain  of  ore,  500  feet 
high,  with  an  area  of  95  acres,  and  an  ann'ial  output  of  3,000,000  tons.  The  directors, 
who  met  in  Chicago  this  sumtner,  want  to  sell,  which  is  not  surprising,  as  Durango  has 
no  fuel,  and  is  100  miles  distant  from  a  railway.     Wonderful  and  perplexing  Durango! 


f)2 


TiiK  MrNOMrNKF.  .'ron  Rangk. 


Oin!  tliiiii,'  (jspeciiilly  strik«;.s  yuu  in  your  visit  tt>  those  siinlcss  caves,  aiul  tliat  is  tin- 
universal  look  of  complete  coiit«!ntinent  which  appears  upon  the  faces  of  the  miners.  A 
miner's  vocation  you  mij^lit  rcasonal)ly  suppose  would  he  a  dtrpressiuK  one.  The  unseen 
(landers  ready  unbidden  to  confront  the  hero  of  the  pick  at  any  moment,  instead  of 
having  a  depressing  influence  would  seem  to  exorcise  every  shreil  of  carking  care.  The 
gloom  of  hanging  walls  casts  no  shadow  on  the  pitman's  face.  He  carries  sunshine  with 
him  into  cramped  chambers  and  frowning  stopes,  and  with  a  dower  of  rare  bravery  and 
strongheartedness,  ("lod  lightens  his  darkness. 

(Jther  noises  react  you  in  these  joyless  cells,  thunder  like  rumblings,  which  the 
captain  of  the  mine  soon  accounts  for  by  leading  you  to  the  foot  of  a  chute,  down  whose 
inclined  plane  comes  thundering  from  a  higher  level,  tons  of  blue  or  red  ore,  almost 
incandescent  with  their  own  friction  as  they  bound  against  the  swinging  buffers  and 
plunge  into  the  iron  receiving  cars  with  the  strident  roar  of  a  giant's  charivari.  These 
loaded  cars  are  then  hauled  along  the  track  on  the  bed  of  the  drift  by  a  wire  rope 
worked  by  steam,  and  drawn  bodily  into  the  receiving  cage  awaiting  them  in  the  shaft  at 
the  mouth  of  the  operating  level,  or  emptied  into  buckets,  which  are  soon  luirrying 
upwards  in  obedience  to  the  mighty  hoists  which  have  promised  them  a  baptism  of 
dazzling  daylight.  Without  personal  inspection  little  conception  can  be  had  of  tin 
enormous  amount  of  labor  involved  in  developing  a  mine,  a  task  so  herculean,  which, 
though  now  performed  in  months,  owing  to  the  time-saving  devices  of  the  scientist  and 
mechanic,  would  under  less  advanced  conditions  take  as  many  centuries.  Steam,  com 
pressed  air,  electricity,  and  machinery — in  whose  complex  CLpabilities  consists  its  sini 
plicity — and  explosives,  directed  by  the  intelligence  of  a  higher  civilization,  have  reduced 
yesterday's  seeming  impossibility  to  every  day  commonplace.  Based  on  broad  state- 
ment it  is  fair  to  assume  that  for  every  ton  of  ore  mined  in  the  region  of  Lake  Superior 
at  least  three  tons  of  rock  and  waste  liave  had  to  be  removed.  During  the  last  25  years 
56,459,03b  tons  of  iron  ore  have  been  produced  within  the  district,  necessitating  the 
removal  of  at  least  169,000,000  tons  of  rock.  In  order  to  transport  this  huge  bulk  of 
waste,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  the  miner  to  know  that  it  would  load  8,500,000  of  his 
largest  ore  cars,  which  would  more  than  twice  girdle  the  circumference  of  the  earth  if 
made  up  into  two  separate  trains  of  equal  length,  and  then  leave  a  train  amply  lon^; 
enough  to  bridge  the  Atlantic  twice  over.  In  i88g  the  total  capital  invested  in  iron 
ore  mines  in  the  whole  ccmtry  was  5109,756,199  and  the  total  cost  of  mining  $24,781,658, 
of  this  Michigan  paid  out  $217,283  in  office  wages,  and  $6,353,741  in  labor,  out  of 
a    total  expenditure  of  $12,118,541. 

The  variou-.  shafts  of  the  several  mines  of  one  company  alone,  amount  in  the  aggre- 
gate to  a  depth  of  8,105  feet,  whilst  the  total  length  of  the  underground  levels,  cross  cuts. 
and  drifts,  exceeds  9,600  yards.  Just  imagine  nearly  six  miles  of  these  subterranean 
trenches.  What  a  paradise  for  a  Digger  Indian.  The  work  accomplished  by  these  shaft 
sinkers  too  is  something  almost  incredible.  At  the  new  shaft  of  the  Hamilton  Oie  Co., 
which  is  21  feet  4  inches  by  7  feet  within  the  timliers,  90  feet  has  actually  been  sunk  in 
thirty  days  and  the  rock  so  excavated,  hoisted  1,200  feet  to  the  surface,  the  first  level 
being  843  feet  under  ground.  The  Ludington  mine  which  has  raised  this  season  700 
tons  of  ore  in  one  day,  estimates  that  it  will  be  in  a  position  to  double  this  daily  product 
next  year  with  its  new  hoisting  outfit.     Obstacles  which  a  few  years   ago  would  havi' 


TiiF   Mknominki    Ikon  Ranck. 


63 


and  tliat  is  tli< 
the  miners.  A 
;.  The  unseen 
lent,  instead  of 
\\\i>  care.  Tlir 
s  snnsliine  with 
ire  bravery  an<l 

ngs,  which  the 
te,  down  whosi; 
red  ore,  almost 
ng   bnffers   and 
irivari.      These 
by  a  wire  rope 
1  in  the  shaft  at 
soon  hurrying; 
n   a  baptism  of 
be    had   of   the 
rculean,  wliicli, 
le  scientist  and 
Steam,  com 
;onsists  its  sini 
1,  have  reduced 
3n   broad  state- 
Lake  Superior 
le  last  25  years 
cessitating  the 
is  lingo  bulk  of 
500,000  of  his 
of  the  earth  if 
ain  amply  long 
vested   in   iron 
ig  524,781,65s, 
labor,  out  of 

it  in  the  aggrc- 

bIs,  cross  cuts, 

I  subterranean 

by  these  shaft 

ilton  Oie  Co., 

been  sunk  in 

the   first  level 

lis   season  7011 

daily  product 

o  would  have 


lieeii  regarded  as  unsurnionntaliie  are  now  only  viewed  with  the  intereHt  which  alt. k  lies 
111  anything  which  whilst  |)r('senting  ditticnlties  meridy  calls  for  the  e.xercise  of  unusual 
engineering  skill  to  overcome.  On  the  Harrison  location  in  the  town  of  Norway,  the 
I'enn  Co.  demonstrated  tlie  aj)plication  of  skilled  engineering  to  some  purpose  when  in 
the  spring  of  iSijn  they  undertook  to  sink  a  shaft  6  f»-et  by  13  feet,  some  (u)  feet  through 
,1  (jiiieksand  I'nder  tin;  superintt-ndeni  «•  of  Mr.  William  K(dly,  the  present  general 
ni.inager,  this  was  accomplished.  Limited  space  precludtis  all  possibility  of  detail.  An 
interesting  paper  descriptive  of  tin;  work  and  written  by  Mr.  Kelly  was  read  before  a 
meeting  of  the  Institute  of  Mining  Kngineers  at  Cleveland  last  June.  Water  was  struck 
2n  feet  down,  wiiich  a  joo  gallon  inimp  failed  to  lower.  A  No.  10,  400  gallon  Knowles 
pump  was  substituted.  \  Caisson  or  drop  shaft  was  constructed,  4  feet  larger  in  every 
wav  at  bottom  than  top,  to  aid  its  settling,  and  was  dividtid  into  three  compartments  to 
within  twelve  feet  of  the  bottom.  After  sinking  15  feet  the  pumps  were  started;  before 
sinking  below  water  level  additional  power  was  found  to  be  necessary.   Two  boilers  of  135 


joint  horse  power  and 
pumps  were  placed 
pump.  At  a  depth  of 
were  hoisting  1,500 
times  an  additional 
rails  had  to  be  placed 
it  in  place.  On  one 
were  drowned  under, 
tion  notwithstanding, 
tion  reads  like  an  en- 
Tlie  difficulties  which 
sealing  up  of  the  drop 
iiig,  bolting  and  ce- 
crete    were    however 


HllfK    I)KII.I,IN(;,    'rwEI.KTM    LkVKI., 

Hamilton  Mink 


two  No.  10  Cameron 
uniler  the  Knowles 
48  ft.  the  three  pumps 
gallons  a  minute.  At 
weight  of  30  tons  of 
on  the  caisson  to  keep 
occa  don  the  pumps 
but  ontinued  the  mo- 
The  work  of  construc- 
gineering  romance, 
beset  the  blasting,  the 
shaft  and  the  timber- 
menting  it  with  con- 
finally  overcome, 
sunk  through  a  living 


Tiiirty-fonr  feet    was 

(inicksand.  and  after   129   days  of  exciting  and  original  work,  the  ordinary  sinking  was 

continued  in  the  regidar  way. 

The  conditions  are  so  variable  in  different  mines,  that  diverse  methods  have  to  be 
adopted  in  the  endeavour  to  obtain  the  greatest  output  at  the  least  possible  cost,  having 
due  regard  for  human  life.  The  hanging  walls  where  they  are  of  soft  friable  red  slate, 
which  disintegrates  an  exposure,  makes  it  costly  work  maintaining  the  openings. 
Above  is  the  limestone  and  Potsdam  sandstone,  whilst  imderlying  is  the  lean  ore,  the 
greenstone  and  the  granite.  Opinions  differ  of  course  as  to  the  proper  handling  of  the 
ore  bed.  In  some  mines  a  tunnel  may  be  run  in  the  foot  wall  parallel  with  the  ore,  and 
the  grotmd  cut  out  in  sections,  when  drifting  will  be  pushed  to  the  hanging  wall, 
and  a  chute  made  through  the  foot  to  the  cross  cut  above,  down  which  the  rock-filling 
may  be  dumped,  the  ore  being  trammed  out  below.  Sometimes  the  supporting  pillars 
of  ore  have  to  lie  abandoned  as  well  as  thousands  of  feet  of  timber  in  the  framework. 
Again  by  a  system  of  rock-filling  the  pillars  and  the  timbers  may  both  be  saved.  Mat- 
ters of  momentous  importance  are  forever  recurring,  and  the  brains  of  the  resident 
management  is  continually  taxed,  and  with  few  exceptions  the  talent  in  this  direction  is 


64 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


ample.  These  superiuteiulents  are  as  a  rule  an  iimisiially — and  necessarily-  a  verv 
bright  lot  of  men,  and  wliat  strikes  the  observer  as  remarkable— if  not  strange — is  their 
comparative  youth.  Old  heads  on  young  shoulders.  The  outcome  of  necessity,  and 
typical  of  a  hot  house  century.  As  a  rule  they  are  as  excellently  tempered  as  their  own 
Bessemer,  and  as  inflexible  in  their  trust  as  a  bar  of  hematite.  Men  and  masters  are 
cast  pretty  much  in  the  same  mold. 

In  1889,  the  total  value  of  iron  ore  produced  at  all  the  mines  in  the  United  States, 
allowing  52.30  per  long  ton,  was  $32,766,506,  indicating  an  apparent  profit — overall 
expenses — of  ^134. 58  per  cent.  It  is  always  consequent  uj^on  such  a  pleasant  declaration 
as  this,  that  the  companies  bonus  the  superintending  officials,  and  "set  'em  up  all 
round." 

The  motors  in  these  mines  are  marvels  of  mechanical  skill.  Underground  steam 
and  compressed  air  vie  for  motive  mastery.  In  one  mine,  and  on  one  level,  tramways 
nearly  a  mile  in  length  are  laid,  where  the  cars  are  worked  on  an  endless  cable  by  an 
underground  engine.      Huge  Corliss  engines  run  huge  Cornish  pumps,  which  raise  from 


lowest  level  tO  surface 
mines,  whose  red  tor- 
alone  aggregates 
yearly.  Compressed 
three  miles  distant  by 
Menominee  river,  and 
four  hundred  horse- 
impalpability,  con- 
elevated  iron  pipe, 
m  a  ch  i  n  e  rj'  of  the 
ton  separate  indus- 
one  hundred  Kand 
engines  of  3000  horse- 
the      Hamilton      Ore 


Tkam  Car,   Thirteenth  Level, 
Hamilton  Mine. 


the  life  blood  of  the 
rent  from  one  shaft 
730,000,000  gallons 
air  developed  nearly 
turbine  wheels,  on  tin; 
with  its  one  thousand 
power  of  apparent 
ducted  through  an 
drives  nearly  all  the 
Chapin  and  Ludin^ 
tries,  besides  nearly 
rock  drills.  Two  steam 
power,  a  portion  of 
Co.'s  plant,  supplioil 


by  Webster,  Camp  &  Lane,  with  two  reels  carrying  2,500  feet  of  flat  steel  rope,  can 
hoist,  if  need  be,  from  that  grim  depth  a  heavy  skip  with  ten  tons  of  ore  added,  and 
lower  you  into  that  weird  well  of  "illimitable  possibilities,"  with  less  vibration  than 
would  disturb  a  compass,  and  so  marvellously  adjusted  that  its  loaded  bucket  could 
light  on  a  humming-bird's  egg  without  cracking  the  shell.  Such  are  the  mines  of  thr 
Menominee. 

Iron  Ore,  of  Ishpeming,  is  authority  for  the  statement,  that  since  all  the  mines  ot 
the  peninsula  were  first  wrought  $128,000,000  has  been  paid  in  dividends,  etc.,  which  i^ 
within  16  per  cent,  of  those  declared  by  all  the  mines  of  the  states  and  territories  west 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  exclusive  of  the  bonanza  period  of  the  Comstock  mines,  but 
outside  of  that  phenomenal  time,  inclusive.  These  figures  it  says,  "  are  to  be  found,  and 
considerable  time  has  been  spent  in  obtaining  them." 

"ISg  profits  are  taken  out  of  iron  mines"  says  the  Boston  Herald.  "Thi' 
Schlesinger  syndicate  which  purchased  the  Chapin  mine  two  years  ago  and  who  paid 
:>2, 000,000  for  the  property,  in  the  hrst  year  after  its  purchase,  netted  $1,000,000  to  it- 
owners."      In  1890,  according  to  the  Wisconsin,  the  Norrie  mine  paid  a  cash  dividend  ci 


>iS.  25 
Siijie 
1  clip 
(if  its 

I 

wo  IK 

very 

doubt 

have 


years 

I'stiin; 

A 

1889 

based 


l. 


1 


The  Mknominef.  Iron  Range. 


65 


the  mines  of 
etc.,  which  is 
crritories  west 
5ck  mines,  but 
be  found,  and 

Wferalii.      "Tho 
and  who  pai'l 
,000,000  tn  it. 
sh  dividend  ol 


5,S.  ^5  per  share,  besides  a  stock  dividend  of  25  per  cent.  From  a  review  of  the  Lake 
SiiiH'rior  iron  ore  stock  market  of  1890,  piil)lished  in  the  Engineering:^  and  Mining  Journal, 
I  clip  the  following  instances  illustrative  of  profit,  giving  a  number  to  each  mine  in  place 
of  its  name: 

Cash  value  of  each  $25  share,  December,  i8(jo,  No.  i,  5i6o;  No.  2,  $110;  No.  3, 
<()i);   No.  4,  $75;   No.  5,  $70;   No.  6,  SOo;   No.  7,  $40;   No.  8,  S35. 

With  this  array  of  facts  and  figures,  but  a  threadbare  presentation  of  the  commercial 
wonders  of  exceptional  Menominee,  I  hurry  to  introduce  you  to  its  developing  cities — 
very  gourds  of  Jonah — wiiich  are  now  unfurling  the  standard  of  their  resources,  not 
doubting  but  that  you  may  be  tempted  to  migrate  to  their  hills  of  hope,  whereon  they 
have  planted  for  your  rallying  allegiance  a  profitable  flag  of  trade. 

TABLE 

Showing  the  WoRi.n's  annual  production  of  Pir;  Iron  at  the  four  periods  of  eleven 
years  since  1856  to  1889  and  for  i8go,  based  on  official  returns,  and  for  the  year  1900,  as 
estimated  by  Mr.  Edward  Atkinson. 

Also  showing  the  Iron  Ore  product  of  the  Mknominke  Ranch  for  the  years  1878, 
1889  and  1890,  from  official  returns,  together  with  a  yearly  estimated  product  up  to  1900, 
based  on  an  assumed  annual  increase  of  10  per  cent,  and  20  per  cent,  respectively: 


WORLDS  PRODUCTION 
OF  IRON. 

1850 6,000,000  tons. 

1867   8,400,000  tons. 

1878 14-,117.902  tons. 

1880 24,  SOD,  534  tons. 

1S90 27,14(5,000  tons. 

1900— Estimated 50,000,000  tons. 


MENOMINEE   RANGE  PRODUCTION 
OF  IRON  ORE. 


1878   78,000  tons. 

1889 l,7'J«,7r>4  tons 

1890 2,282,277  tons. 


ESTIMATED  ANNUAL  INCREASE   IN  PRODUCT,   MENOMINEE  RANGE 


AT    TEN    PEK    CENT. 
1891 $2,510,504 

1892 2,761,554 

1893 3,037,709 

1894 3,341,479 

1895 3,675,626 

1896 4,043,188 

1897 4,447,506 

1898 4,892,256 

1899 5,381,481 

1900 5,919,629 


AT    TWENTY    I'ER    TENT. 

1891 $   2,738,731 

1892 3,022,622 

1893 3,627,146 

'8o4 4,352,574 

1895 5,223,088 

1896 6,267,704 

1897 7,521,244 

1898 9,025,492 

1899 10,830,590 

1909 12,996,708 


Note. — The  total  increase  in  the  production  of  Iron  Ore  in  the  whole  Lake  Superior  District  last  year 
was  40  per  cent,  over  that  of  1889.  In  the  whole  of  the  United  States  the  increase  in  production  of  Pig 
Iron  for  the  year  1889,  as  compared  with  18S8,  was  17  per  cent.,  and  for  1890  as  compared  with  1889,  21 
per  cent.  In  1890,  as  compared  with  1880,  it  has  increased  153  percent.  In  December,  1889,  the  unsold 
stock  of  all  kinds  of  pig  iron  in  the  United  States  at  close  of  year  was  277,401  tons.  In  Dece-.iiber,  1890, 
the  un.sold  stock  amounted  to  681,992  tons. 

In  1890  the  production  of  iron  ore  in  Great  Britain  had  decreased  from  that  of  the 
previous  year  by  over  6  per  cent. 

With  the  world's  increasing  want  and  Britain's  diminishing  supply,  insufficient  for 
her  native  consumption,  the  accelerating  demand  for  iron  ore — made  imperative  by  nat- 
ural increase  of  population  and  creation  of  new  uses — will  tax  American  mines  to  their 
full  capacity.  An  estimated  ten  per  cent,  per  annum  increase  in  the  output  of  the 
Menominee,  is  the  natural  increment  for  a  decade,  based  on  the  population  which  her 
present  production  bears  to  the  rest  of  the  world. 

What  will  the  marketable  product  be  in  1900?  Six  million  or  thirteen  million  tons? 
Either  of  these  ultimate  conditions  present  fortunes  to  all  who  may  embark  in  any  cog- 
nate industry  in  the  Menominee. 


h'- 


#■ 


1 


c/) 


pq 


CHAPTER  V. 


Tf)e  Aenominee  Range. 


Its  Cities:— Their  Indcistries  ami  their  Hesources. 


THK  TOWN  OF  NORWAY. 


,^      g\\'KR    the  hill-tops — through  a  luminous 
^^.,  V,>^ faint  haze  that  leads  to  tlie  belief  that  all 


the  incense  from  all  the  censers  swung  by 
?"     all  the  priests  since  Aaron  had  been  blown  there 
— over  the  pencilled  outline  of  the  purple  iron 
range,  through  grass  green  tamarack  boughs,  ami 
brown   bark  of   fir-trees,  come   shafts   of  expiring 
sunlight.      These  stain  the  autumn  leaves  a  deeper 
crimson  and  lend  to  Waucedah  a  glory  not  entirely 
its  own,  as  you  catch  a  glimpse  of  its  condition  through 
the  window  of  your  Pulman,  as  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western night  express  conies  to  a  standstill. 

Waucedah  is  in  Breen  township;  is  a  station  on  the 
Iron  River  branch  of  the  C.  &  N-W.  Ry.,  eleven  miles 
from  Powers,  the  junction  of  the  Northern  Michigan 
branch  of  the  same  road  and  3.6  miles  from  Chicago,  and  about  the  same  numerical 
amount  in  feet  of  altitude  above  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  north  of  Chicago;  it  is  about  300 
miles  east  of  Minneapol's  and  about  160  miles  west  by  rail  from  Sault  St.  Marie.  These 
are  variously  well  know  1  points,  hence  any  student  of  latitudes  should  be  able  without 
the  aid  of  an  atlas,  to  locate  the  gateway  to  the  Menominee  Range. 

In  1866,  the  Breen  Bros.,  as  may  be  remembered,  discovered  the  mine  which  bears 
their  name.  Its  history  I  have  followed.  To-day  a  new  shaft  160  feet  deep  has  been 
sunk  within  thirty  rods  or  so  of  the  old  one,  alongside  the  original  "Dublin  shaft,"  out 
of  which  2000  tons  of  blue  bessemer  have  been  raised  this  season.  Of  this,  1,500  tons 
have  been  sold  to  the  Joliet  steel  works.  The  Loeffelholtz  Mining  Co.  of  Milwaukee 
are  the  lessees,  who  are  pursuing  a  systematic  exploration  of  ihe  locality,  and  are  well 
satisfied  with  the  outlook. 

Waucedah      '^    -  Turse    is  on   the  extreme  eastern    outskirt   of  the   range,    and   the 
apparent  richness  of  more  western  points  has  interfered  with  its  righteous  development. 


68 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


The  mine  referred  to,  which  is  of  course  but  an  "exploration"  in  the  mining  sense  of 
the  term,  is  the  only  shaft  at  present  operating,  and  employs  but  a  handful  of  mineis. 
Waucedah's  chief  present  claim  to  notoriety  rests  in  its  possession  of  timber  limits,  ami 
farms.  Over  1,500  men  are  employed  in  its  winter  lumber  camps  in  which  the  Holnns, 
the  Spaldings,  the  Kirby  Carpenters,  the  Menominee  River  Lumber  Co.  and  others  ar^ 
interested.  Waucedah  trembling  on  the  rim  of  eastern  civilization  and  western  devi  1 
opment,  remains  immature.  It  has  a  population  of  150,  a  post  office,  presided  over  In 
the  pioneer  prospector  Mr.  Saxton,  and  is  visited  by  Catholic  priest  and  Methodist 
minister  at  reasonable  intervals.  It  is  claimed,  and  with  sound  reason,  that  the  explo- 
rations have  all  hfen  limited  to  surface  ones,  and  that  if  the  true  value  of  its  treasure  i:: 
desired  it  must  be  sought  at  a  reasonable  depth  below  the  crust.  Capital  and  labor  are 
both  needed  in  the  development  of  a  mine.  Waucedah  consists  topographically  of  the 
N.  W.    14:  of  the  N.    E.  ]/l   and  the  N.  W.    ]A  of  the  N.  W.  ]i  of  Sec.  22,  T.  39,  R.  2S. 

Waucedah  is  waiting  to  be  hypnotized. 

Seven  miles  from  Waucedah  by  rail,  in  which  interval  you  dip  down  over  and  up 
the  valley  of  the  Sturgeon  river,  noted  for  its  speckled  trout  and  the  blue  bucks  which 
throng  its  forests,  and  you  reach  Vulcan.  Vulcan  is  an  adjunct  of  Norway  town  aiul 
rests  its  recognized  claim  to  importance  349  feet  above  lake  water.  Here  are  the  head- 
quarters of  the  great  Penn  Mining  Co.,  whose  properties  extend  to  and  beyond  Norway, 
from  which  it  is  two  miles  distant.  The  Penn  properties  consist  of  the  mines  purchased 
from  the  Menominee  Mining  Co.  in  1H85,  the  East  and  West  Vulcan,  the  Norway, 
Cyclops,  together  with  the  Curry,  Brier  Hill  and  the  Harrison.  In  March  last  the  sh;ilt 
of  the  West  Vidcan  was  destroyed  by  fire.  A  new  shaft  is  now  being  sunk  which  will 
reach  the  old  workings  at  a  depth  of  1000  feet.  You  are  now  within  the  charmed  circle 
of  irondom,  and  evidences  of  the  industry  are  universally  apparent.  The  high  gr(  y 
frames  of  open  shaft  houses,  or  the  red  towers  of  the  enclosed  ones,  break  the  outline 
of  the  hill  range  which  extends  at  alternating  altitudes  to  beyond  Iron  Mountain.  The 
sky  line  of  these  broken  ridges  is  scarred  with  the  banderoles  of  black  smoke  which 
pour  from  lofty  iron  stacks,  and  amid  a  clinging  of  bells  and  shrieking  of  locomotives, 
the  rattle  of  empty  ore  cars  and  the  more  ponderous  roar  of  loaded  ones,  you  pull  up  at 
the  Norway  railway  station  ready  for  an  investigation  of  its  possibilities. 

The  town  of  Norway  was  only  incorporated  as  such  during  the  present  summer, 
previous  to  which  it  was  a  portion  of  the  township  bearing  its  name.  Its  area  at  the 
present  time,  inclusive  of  the  township,  is  5,760  acres,  consisting  of  sections  31,  32,  33 
of  T.  40,  R.  29,  and  sections  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  of  T.  39,  R.  29.  The  acreage  inside  the 
city  limits  according  to  Engineer  Hellberg  is  nine  square  miles,  but  the  acres  as  platted 
are  306  only.  Of  the  16  miles  of  named  streets,  four  miles  are  graded,  and  equipped  with 
10,206  feet  of  sidewalk.  The  sewers  under  progiress,  so  far  have  been  laid  1,400  feet. 
About  30  acres  of  the  town  plat  lies  on  a  dry  level,  about  60  is  sandy  and  hilly,  the 
remaining  166  acres  being  of  a  sandy  loam  with  an  average  of  ten  to  twenty  feet  above 
the  swamp  level.  It  is  connected  with  Iron  Mountain  by  telephone,  and  has  a  loc.il 
exchange  with  27  subscribers,  the  central  station  being  located  in  the  drug  store  of  Mi. 
Patenaude,  County  Coroner.  Its  total  assessment,  real  and  personal,  amounts  to  S421' 
000.  It  is  326  miles  from  Chicago,  and  at  the  level  of  the  railway  track,  which  rests 
slightly  above  the  lower  or  south  end  of  the  town,  is  379  feet  above  Lake  Michigan.      !i 


[IS  not 

\  most 

■f  ilucer; 

)F 
.'UtP  o 
J  propel 
I  ion  gee 
f  Scatte 
■]  and  t 
I  street? 
I  greens 


1; 


inee. 


The  Menominek  Iron  Ranoe. 


69 


mining   sense  of 
ndful  of  miners.   1 
mber  limits,  ami  ^| 
ich  the  Holmes, 
).  and  others  arc  A 
d  western  devi] 
^resided  over  l>y   ;| 

and  Methodist 
,  that  the  explo- 
it its  treasure  is  -5: 
al  and  labor  are 
raphically  of  the 
22,  T.  39,  R.  2S. 

ivn  over  and  up 
lue  bucks  which 
orway  town  ainl 
;re  are  the  heat!- 
beyond  Norway, 
mines  purchased 
n,  the  Norway, 
ch  last  the  sluift 
sunk   which  will 

charmed  circle 

The  high  grey 
eak   the  outline 

ountain.  The 
smoke  which 
of  locomotives, 

you  pull  up  at 

-esent   summer. 

Its  area  at  the 
tions  31,  32,  33 
;age  inside  the 
Lcres  as  platted 

equipped  with 
laid  1,400  feel. 

and   hilly,    tlu' 

>nty  feet  above 

md  has  a  loci! 
store  of  Ml. 

lounts  to  5421 
which    re.s!^ 

Michigan.      It 


is  notable  **-roughout  the  state  as  having  within  its  limits  the  oldest,  and  some  of  the 
most  important  mines  on  the  range,  including  the  Penn  Co. 's  famous  string  of  pro- 
[ducers,  and  the  renowned  Aragon. 

From  the  track  going   west,  lies   upon  your   right  the  old  village   location,  now  the 

sitr   of   the    present   business   centre.      To   the   south  extend  the    additions  to    Norway 

proper,  viz.:  Fredrickton,  Ingallsdorf,    South    Norway   and  Brier  Hill— I    have   wished, 

longed  I  may  say,  to  spell  that   word  "Briar,"    but  no  one  in   Norway  would  allow  me. 

Scattered  over  the  newer  property  are  the  evidences  of  a  newer  era,  modern  residences 

and  the   less  pretentious   cottages  of  some  of  the    mining    population.      Newly   graded 

[streets  streak  its  fallow  acres,    and  a  school  house  and  a  church  or  two  relieve    the  gray 

[greens  of  its  distant  timber-scape  which  flanks  the  butte-like  banks  of  the  noisy  Menom- 

linee,  only  two   miles  to  its   south.      Upon  your  right  and    to  the  north    is  planted,  as    I 


I  The   "Current"   Block. 

|say,  the  older  town  site,  demonstrated  in  the  blocks  of  red  brick  business  houses  which 
|rise  above  the  more  sober  frame  stores  and  which  lend  a  metropolitan  look  to  Norway, 
|which  Carl  Wendel,  when  he  platted  the  village  in  the  spring  of  1879,  little  dreamed  of. 
I  A  large  portion  of  this  original  town  site  i-ested  in  a  swamp,  an  unfilled  but  dried 
•lup  portion  of  which,  yet  extends  in  a  belt  of  about  100  yards  from  the  dei)ot  alongside 
'Ithe  railway  embankment  to  the  Harrison  exploration,  the  sinking  of  which  shaft  under 
|so  many  difficulties,  I  have  referred  to.  From  this  embaid<ment  and  between  the  points 
fnamed,  the  plateau  extends  within  the  arc  of  a  gigantic  bow,  the  curve  of  which  is 
.^formed  by  the  bases  of  the  liill-range  which  shelter  the  town  from  the  north. 

Within  this  well  drained  basin  and  partly  on  the  ascent,  rests  the  business  portion 
|ot  the  town  and  the  "Swamp  Mine,"  whilst  on  hillside  and  siunmit  are  the  dwelling 
Ihouses  of  the  "Norwegians"  and  the  sites  of  the  Penn  Mines  from  the  Black  Hills  on  the 
^vest  to   the  Brier  Hill  on    the  east,  not   including  the  Curry  or  the  three  Vulcans  whirli 


70 


Thf,  Menominkf,  Iron   Range. 


are  further  east  still.  Norway  rejoices  in  some  beautiful  drives.  Along  the  state  road  to 
Iron  Mountain  and  east  through  Vulcan  to  the  junction  of  the  Sturgeon  with  the 
Menominee  and  the  great  falls,  this  well  traveled  highway  runs  a  ribband  of  dead  goM, 
banded  on  either  side  with  the  chrome  green  of  forest,  gleaming  wall  of  white  granite, 
the  silver  tissues  of  highland  streams,  scarred  at  intervals  with  the  banked  output  of 
abandoned  explorations — mounds  of  purple  brown  and  bright  heliotrope — emphasized 
with  the  ripe  temptation  of  wild  fruits  and  the  scarlet  oriflammes  of  autumn  rowan 
berries.  Hire  a  "top  buggy"  from  Keating,  the  liveryman,  and  carry  a  frame  witli 
you  to  imprison  the  picture. 

The  origin  of  the  name  is  a  matter  of  some  dispute,  whether  it  was  called  in  honor 
of  the  nationality  of  the  founder,  or  out  of  respect  for  the  monarchs  of  the  forest  from 
out  the  shades  of  which  it  was  hewed,  remains  undetermined.  Its  platting,  however, 
did  not  precede  its  shipping  of  ore,  for  in  the  fall  of  1H77,  in  October,  the  Vulcan  and 
Cyclops  shipped  4,593  tons,  at  about  the  same  time  that  the  Breen  shipped  its  5,1^12 
tons  from  Wauc^dah.  In  1H77,  according  to  Mr.  Anton  Odell,  who  is  one  of  tlie 
earliest  settlers,  all  was  forest,  swamp  and  lake,  no  houses,  the  autocratic  Lake  Su})e 
rior  Ship  Canal  Co.  being  lord  of  the  manor.  In  far-sighted  pursuit  of  the  dollar  the 
Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railway  syndicate  had  pushed — in  more  senses  than  one  - 
their  iron  road  as  far  as  Quinnessec,  and  roused  with  the  rattle  of  car  wheels  the  big 
mallards  that  haunted  the  sequestered  pools  of  Lake  Hanbury.  In  1877  came  the 
Menominee  mineral  adventists,  bond  and  free,  digging  here  and  digging  there,  fully 
determined  that  neither  the  ferruginous  cliffs  or  their  own  constitution  should  longer  be 
permitted  to  rust  out.  This  band  of  true  developers — absolutely  distinct  from  the  league 
of  land  developing  corporations — soon  smote  the  rich  barriers  to  some  purpose  and 
made  the  janitor  of  these  mountains  of  Bessemer  incontinently  surrender  his  trust.  By 
1880  the  "400"  of  the  literally  "first  families"  had  doubled  by  immigration;  boardint; 
houses  sprung  up,  stores  were  established,  dram  shops  thrown  open  to  a  thirsty  public 
and  an  all  round  "land  office  business"  participated  in.  As  an  instance  of  the  pros 
perity  of  these  early  timers,  Anton  Odell  is  a  proof.  He  reached  the  scene  of  action  in 
1877,  in  time  to  help  the  sinking  of  the  first  test  pit  at  the  "Old  Norway  Mine."  His 
investments  consisted  at  that  time  only  of  what,  outside  the  lexicon,  is  called  "horse 
sense"  and  hope.  In  1888  he  rebuilt  the  Current  Brick  Block,  at  a  cost  of  $iy,o()o. 
and  this  upon  the  ashes  of  the  fire  which  had  leveled  the  town.  In  1885  half  an  acre 
of  land,  not  far  from  the  Aragon  mine,  purchased  the  preceding  year  for  $250  was  scild 
for  $2,000.  In  i8go  seven  acres  in  South  Norway,  bought  for  $700  in  1884,  was  sold  for 
$4,000.  This  will  give  a  key  to  values.  In  1877 — a  range  chronological  peg  on  wind. 
to  hang  much  data — the  only  and  original  doctor,  McLeod,  first  filed  an  appearanre, 
and  probably  his  saw.  Father  Fox  at  the  same  lime  preached  of  mansions  more  endur 
ing  than  tabernacles  of  hematite  and  doubtless  paved  the  way  for  the  first  church  ami 
school  house,  built  the  following  year.  In  1878  Father  Rosseau  established  the  chuvcli 
parish  of  St.  Mary.  Anticipatory  of  these  various  blessings,  Mr.  M.  Anderson,  now 
alderman,  was  induced  to  follow  the  blazed  trail  from  Vulcan — whilst  the  May  nios 
quitoes  trumpeted  his  temerity — in  1877  and  also  worked  on  the  first  test-pits,  iiul 
assisted  Antoine  Lynch  to  organize  the  first  boarding  house.  At  this  distance  from  ;ht 
river  the  forests  had  yet  to  receive  the   shivering  innoculation  of  the  woodman's  a  av 


The  c 
hiiild 
Mr. 
iiicnts 
A 
Norwi 
j  poratf 
reaclu 
I  mines. 
James 
I  The 
entere 
j  twice 
I  doing 
I  road  b 
!  :.nd  $^ 
logs   ai 
[  daily,  { 
Menon 
ihardwc 
[ rock  el 
that    " 
ecjual. 
Igloriou! 
1  should 
which  t 
there  ai 
and  the 
erative, 
On 
niTes  di 
firnis,  a 
potatoes 
little  bei 
jin  refrig 
On 
|of  Lew 
to  an  ele 
across  tl 
Ifrom  wh 
iast  Vu 
van  four 
The 
seen  woi 
700  acre: 


The  Mknominek  Ikon   Rancse. 


7' 


s  called  in  honor 
I  the  forest  from 
latting,  however, 
,  the  Vulcan  and 
shipped  its  5,Hi2 
o    is    one    of   tlie  | 
ratic  Lake  Supe- 
of  the  dollar  the 
enses  than  one— 
ir  wheels  the  big  | 
n   1877  came  the 
jging  there,  fully  | 
should  longer  be 
;t  from  the  league  | 
line  purpose  and ! 
ler  his  trust.     By  j 
ration;   boardinR 
lo  a  thirsty  public  | 
|ance  of  the  pros- 
;cene  of  action  in 
ay  Mine."      His 
is  called  '<  horse] 
cost  of   :>si 7,000, 
885  half  an  acre! 
for  $250  was  sold 
884,  was  sold  for 
cal  peg  on  which  j 
an   appearance, 
lions  more  endur- 
first   church  and! 
ished  the  church  j 
.  Anderson,  nowj 
t  the   May  mos 
st   test-pits,  and 
istance  from  ;ht 
woodman's  axe. 


Tlie  only  fallen  trees  were  those  prostrate  with  senility,  or  storm  snapped,  or  felled  to 
Iniild  the  supply  roads  constructed  of  corduroy,  and  wliich  led  to  the  mines.  In  1881 
Mr.  Anderson  gave  $525  for  his  property  on  Main  street;  it  is  now  valued,  improve- 
ments included,  at  :?6,ooo. 

At  this  time  the  "location"  was  situated  in  the  township  of  lireitung.      In    1881, 

Norway  township  was  organized,  and  on  April  27,  1891,  the  town  of  Norway  was  incor- 

j)orated.      In    1878,    Mr.    L.    F.    Springer,   now   conducting   a   large   furniture   business, 

reached  the  place,  and  like  all  of  the  incomers  at  that  period  sought  employment  in  the 

mines.      In  1878,  the  first  saw  mill  on  the  Menominee  Range  was  erected  at  Norway,  by 

[James  and  George  O'Callaghan.      Subsequently,  John,  another  brother,  entered  the  firm. 

The  stumpage  was  purchased  from   the   Canal  Co.   chiefly.      From  this  date   Norway 

entered   upon  a   new   era  of    development.      Notwithstanding   that   the  mills  have  been 

twice   burned — once   in   1881   and   again  in   1888,  they  are  to-day,  with  new  machinery, 

doing  a  larger  business  than  ever.      Their  chief  output  consists  of  long  timber  for  rail- 

[road  bridging  and  timbers  for  the  mines.      Lumber  runs  up  all  the  way  from  Sio  to  $35, 

ind  $i^o  a  thousand.     The  capacity  of  the  present  mills  is  40,000  feet  per  diem.     The 

[logs  are  hauled  from  one  to  three  miles.      The  available  pine,  however,  is  diminishing 

daily,  and  a  local  yield  of  but  five   years  is   now  left.      On   the   general   subject   of  tiie 

Menominee  lumber  trade,  I   shall  refer  at  greater  length  elsewhere.      Noble  stretches  of 

hardwood  lend  their  valuable  aid  to  Norway's  list  o    industrial  possibilities.      Maple  and 

rock  elm  at  present  are  largely  utilized  for  flooring,  md  for  finishing  purposes,  the  birch 

that   "waves  and  weeps"   in  the  thickets  that  hem  the  Sturgeon  river,  is  difficult  to 

ecjual.     To  the  north  and  on  Pine  Creek — one  and  a  half  miles   from   town — there   is  a 

Iglorious  block  of  3,000  acres,  covered  with  magnificent  hardwood,  and  upon  which  there 

Ishould  be  thriving  homesteads,  were  it  not  for  the  policy  of  the  Lake  Superior  Canal  Co,, 

[which  by  its  conservatism,  places  a  monopolist's  bar  to  settlement.      In  places,  however, 

Ithere  are  farms  which  would  do  credit  to  eastern  districts;  but  as  the  roads  are  excellent, 

land  the  market  for  every  description  of  agricultural  product  adjacent  and   most  remun- 

lerative,  there  is  inviting  room  for  the  granger,  and  he  can  count  on   a  hearty  reception. 

On  the  old   state   road  to  the  town  of  Menominee  at  the  river's  mouth,  some  sixty 

|m'les  distant,  there  are  some  splendid  farms,  many  of  which  are  operated  by  lumbering 

irms,  and   used   as   a   summer   resort   for  their  stock.      Here  also  are  raised  the  oats, 

jotatoes  and  other  roots,  consumed  by  the  logging  camps,  and  by  the  farm  hands.      But 

little  beef  is  raised  on  the  range,  the  most  of  all  the  meat  being   shipped   from   Chicago 

|in  refrigerator  cars,  and  retailed  by  the  butchers  at  from  ten  to  fifteen  cents. 

On  the  S.  %  of  N.  E.  J4-  o^  Sec.  15,  T.  39,  R.  29,  are  spread  tlie  fruitful  acres 
)f  Lew  Whitehead's  Gold  Hill  farm,  whose  sloping  lands  rise  ridgeways  in  the  centre 
to  an  elevation  which  leaves  Lake  Hanbury  a  blue  blanket  250  feet  below.  North  and 
icross  the  track  the  iron  range  cuts  the  sky  line  over  700  feet  above  Lake  Michigan, 
Ifrom  which  elevation  as  you  follow  its  purple  green  rim,  the  mining  shaft  spires  from 
Last  Vulcan  to  Norway,  split  the  endless  walls  of  ether.  Quartz  with  a  showing  of  gold 
/as  found  on  the  hillside,  hence  the  name. 

The  farm  of  the  Menominee  Piver  Lumber  Co.,  known  as  the  New  York  farm  has 
)een  worked  for  the  last  fourteen  years.  It  is  about  five  miles  from  Norway,  and  has 
700  acres  under  cultivation,  and  is  typical  of  many  others  in  this  section  of  the  country. 


7a 


The  Mrnominee  Iron   Ranof. 


This  year,  thirteen  acres  produced  4,000  bushels  of  potatoes,  the  oat  crop  was  4,300 
bushels  and  averaged  50  to  the  acre.  Carrots,  beets  and  mangold  are  raised  in 
profusion.  One  hundred  horses  pastured  out  this  summer.  The  buildings  are  modern 
and  very  costly,  and  25  farm  hands  are  kept  busy  attending  to  the  crops  and  the  stock. 
This  year  the  company's  logging  camps  are  away  up  at  Amassa,  above  Crystal  Falls,  to 
which  place  milk  and  other  such  delicacies  have  been  sliipped  twice  a  week.  Mr. 
Juneau  is  the  local  Laban  in  charge.  Dotting  the  neighboring  townships  are  not  a  few 
prosperous  homesteads,  the  farm  products  from  which  find  a  ready  sale  at  their  natrral 
market  in  Norway. 

The  first  postoflfice  w  ^pr  •  it  higallsdo.  f  in  18  9,  with  C.  B.  Knowlton  in 
charge.  Mr.  R.  M.  oamp&Ci:.  ;;  ..■  "sent  postmaster,  rates  the  yearly  business  now  nt 
the  following  figures:  Lett  -sir.  '20,000;  letters  mailed,  72,000;  papers  received, 
54,000;  papers  mailed,  33,600.      ,\  pret,        '^od  evidence  of  the  quality  of  its  inhabitants. 


The  money  orders  sold 
the  ordinary  business 
In  1879,  Captain  John 
bar  for  Menominee  in 
tives,  arrived  in  the  inter- 
ing  Co.,  to  manage  the  old 
on  Section  4.  This  was 
13,495  tons  was  shipped 
same  summer  the  first 
being  resurrected  from  the 
/ron  Home  of  Ishpeming. 
N-  White — named  after 
plorers,  is  under  the  control 
physician  to  the  Aragon 
for  the  Chicago  and  North- 
this  connection  it  may  be 


Mr.   R, 


Fl.ANNIGAN. 


amount  to  ;?3,o8o,  and 
to  about  $3,600  a  year. 
Perkins,  the  sitting  mem- 
the  House  of  Representa- 
ests  of  the  Cleveland  Roll- 
Saginaw  mine,  opened  up 
re-named  the  Perkins,  and 
during  the  year.  This 
newspaper  was  issued,  it 
remains  of  the  defunct 
A  hospital — the  Byron 
another  of  the  early  ex- 
of  Dr.  C.  D'A.  Wright, 
mine,  and  district  doctor 
western  railway,  and  in 
well  to  r.iention  that  it  is 


a  fact  that  the  management  of  the  various  mines   throughout  the  Norway  district  are 
generously  prompt  in  disbursing  money  for   the  safety  of  their  men. 

In  the  winter  of  1879-80,  the  village  scored  a  notch  in  mining  advancement  by 
placing  an  electric  light  plant  in  the  Norway  mine  to  facilitate  the  open  pit  work  then 
in  progress,  the  first  of  its  kind  on  the  Menominee  Range.  The  rays  of  its  incandescence- 
operated  like  a  beacon  guide,  for  co-temporary  with  its  introduction,  many  of  the  now 
leading  lights  of  Norway  flocked  to  share  in  the  wonders  which  it  revealed,  like  moths 
to  a  candle,  and  a  boom  in  mining  development  started.  From  this  time  on,  business 
men  of  various  callings  visited  the  place  only  to  cast  anchor.  The  strangers  within  its 
gates  accumulated  and  by  1883  had  reached  3,000  souls.  In  i88o,  Mr.  Jas.  H.  Gee 
for  sometime  afterward  township  clerk — dropped  in,  and  established  the  business  which 
has  assumed  its  present  proportions  in  his  brick  block  worth  $5,000.  Richard  Oliver 
came  at  the  same  time  and  still  continues  business  at  the  old  stand.  John  Eklund  also 
saw  there  was  money  in  it  and  remained  to  stay.  In  1882  came  Richard  Browning;  in 
1883,  Wm.  Ramsdell  arrived  embarking  in  business  on  his  own  account  in  1888,  and  was 
lately  elected  first  treasurer  of  the  newly  organized  city.      All  have  prospered.     In  188", 


The  Menominek  Iron  Range. 


7$ 


op  was  4,300 
re  raised  i;i 
s  are  modern 
nd  tbe  stock, 
rstal  Falls,  to 
L  week.  Mr. 
are  not  a  few 
:  their  natmil 

Knowlton  in 
siness  now  at 
pers  received, 
ts  inhabitants. 

$3,080,  and 
5,600    a    year. 

sitting  mem- 
)f  Representa- 
leveland  Roll 
ne,  opened  up 
e  Perkins,  and 

year.       This 

was  issued,   it 

the     defunct 

1 — the   Byron 

the   early   ex 
D'A.    Wright, 
district  doctor 

way,    and    in 
tion  that  it  is 

ay  district  arc 

vancement  by 
pit  work  then 
incandescence 
ny  of  the  now 
ed,  like  moths 
e  on,  business 
gers  within  its 
Jas.  H.  Gee 
lusiness  which 
iichard  Oliver 
n  Eklund  aho 
Browning;    n 
1888,  and  wis 
red.      In  1880, 


1 1 


.Mr.  K.  C.  Flamiigan  opened  hi.s  l.iw  othce  in  Norway,  and  by  his  enterprise  and  liberality 
of  idea  has  done  much  to  promote  its  stability.      Me  was  prosecuting  attorney  from  1880 

10  1886,  and  is  to-day  regarded  as  one  o»    the  brightest  lawyers  in  the  peninsula,  and  at 
'      'lead   of  his  profv-ssion  ii.  fhe  Range.      In  April  of   iHgi  Mr.    Flannigan    was  elected 

11  mayor  of  Norway  in  1884,  Mr.  Geo.  O'Callaghan  took  up  his  permanent  residence 
in  the  town  and  laid  out  Callaghan's  u(  ition;  besides  this  property  he  owns  consid- 
.  ,    ole  realty  in  Ingai  idorf,  for  the  lots  in  which  he  is  findirig  a  ready  sale  at  from  5 150 

.300,  located  as  they  are  within  naif  a  mile  of  the  postoffice.  In  1881,  Capt.  H.  J. 
Lolwell,  one  of  the  b  •  .t  known  mining  experts  in  the  Menominee,  embraced  Norway 
ti/.L'nship  with  all  its  opportunities.  The  prospects  at  Felch  Mountain  were  waning 
1  ho  sought  Norway  as  the  securest  harbor  of  refuge,  and  in  partnership  with  Mr. 
Callaghan  purchased  Ho  acres  of  village  property  from  Carl  Wendell,  who  owned  the 
surface  right  as  stated.  Captain  Colwell's  opinion  is  entitled  to  respect.  He  has  known 
tli'j  peninsula  for  thirty  years  and  the  range  since   its  discovery,  ar  .  -ins  his   faith  on 

dustria  fu'     ■;.     He  came 


in  I'  7,  \,  Mr.  Angus 
pri's  (lo.  '  of  the  Aragon 
time  ^  lit  for  the  Fre- 
Tr:jallsuorf  properties. 
'  ■  on,  '  of  1880  3  and 
the  discovery  of  the  now 
had  been  a  period  of  com- 
developinent  came  restor- 
this  time  property  which 
suddenly  rose  in  impor- 
lots  then  held  at  $200, 
foot,  with  value  steadily 
The  Hood  of  Norway's 
As  a  herald  of  ihis  redun- 
H.   Rowe  in  1886,  estab- 


Norway's  mineral  and  in- 
in  "on  the  ground  floor" 
Smith  of  Milwaukee, 
mine,  and  is  at  present 
(iorickton.  Lakeside  and 
Subsequent  to  the 
prior  to  1887  the  date  of 
celebrated  Aragcn,  there 
mercial  lassitude;  with  its 
ation  of  confidence.  From 
had  little  market  value, 
tance  and  worth  ;  corner 
changed  hands  at  1^200  a 
increasing  up  to  date, 
fortunes  ebbed  no  longer, 
dant  prosperity  came  Jos. 


Mk.  Jamks  Ji.   Knioht. 


lisliing  in  that  year  his  hotel  on  Summit  avenue.  The  great  urban  fire  of  the  following 
year,  though  it  laid  the  town  in  ashes  and  reduced  his  hotel  to  a  cinder,  kindly  spared  Mr. 
Rowe.  His  present  rest  iv  Jie  weary,  with  "every  modern  convenience"  challenges 
the  traveller  as  he  traverses  Cyclops  avenue  from  the  depot  townwards.  Should  you 
ever  visit  Norway — as  of  course  you  will  after  reading  this — don't  fail  to  call  upon  my 
^'enial  friend   "Joe  Rowe." 

Meanwhile  Mr.  James  B.  Knight,  who  had  severed  his  connection  with  the  Penn 
Mining  Co.  because  interested  in  the  publication  of  the  Current,  the  editorial  and 
proprietory  responsibilities  of  which  he  assumed  by  purchase  in  1886.  That  his  efforts 
towards  developing  an  interest  in  the  great  Iron  Range  by  his  reliable  representations 
of  the  mineral  out-look,  have  not  been  wasted,  is  evidenced  by  the  estimation  in  which 
the  paper  and  its  publisher  are  held.  In  the  management  of  the  Current  the  proprietor 
is  ably  abetted  by  his  popular  coadjutor,  Mr.  J.  McNaughton,  assistant  editor.  In 
1887  Mr.  Knight  was  appointed  Inspector  of  Mines  for  the  county. 

In  1878  the  town  was  demolished  by  a  consuming  fire.     It  was  a  red  letter  day  in 


tX- 


■^: 


74 


Tm    Mknominfir   Iron-   Ranc.f.. 


its  truest  s«.>nse  tliou>,'li,  tor  hricks,  mortar  and  masonry  inuncdiatcly  were  pressed  inid 
service,  and  at  one*;  inijjarted  the  metropolitan  air  wliicli  today  possesses  the  plac  e. 
1  have  ^iven  yon  an  outline  of  its  growth,  let  me  now  brieHy  present  its  actualities  and 
possilnjities. 

To-day,  with  its  tributary  mines,  etc.,  it  has  a  population  of  about  4,000  people. 
The  majority  of  these  are  engaf^ed  in  mining',  in  farming,',  in  the  woods,  the  saw  n)ill, 
ami  on  the  railway,  and  the  ordinary  l)usiness  of  the  city.  The  streets  are  well  gradnj, 
well  sidewalked,  and  well  drained.  It  is  essentially  a  healthy  place.  The  drinking 
water  is  at  present  supplied  by  wells,  and  is  pure,  h'or  tire  protection  the  adit  built  l)\ 
the  Peiin  Co.  to  carry  away  the  surface  water  from  the  mines,  yields  an  inexhaustilli 
supply,  and  replenishes  the  reservoirs  throughout  the  town,  and  keeps  the  big  dit(  li, 
which  flows  by  the  Fire  Hall,  level  full.  The  fire  department,  which  is  provided  over 
by  V.  Alich,  maintains  an  efficient  staff.  The  rate  of  tire  insurance  is  one  per  cent. 
The  township  taxes  have  so  far  been  three  per  cent.  The  city  rate  has  not  yet  been 
struck.  Several  lakes  fed  by  flowing  springs  beautify  the  town.  Lake  Mary  at 
Fredrickton  is  100  feet  deep.  At  Lake  view  is  another  picturestpie  sheet  of  water.  For 
the  protection  of  life  and  property  there  is  a  small  but  efficient  police  force— two  politf 
men  under  the  marshalship  of  W.  J.  Hunt.  The  bars  of  the  lock-up  are  rusty  throuf,'h 
disuse.  Dr.  O.  M.  Sattre,  who  with  Dr.  Jones  is  physician  for  the  Penn  Co.,  is  also 
health  officer,  complains  of  lack  of  practice  in  medicine.  The  citizens  are  in 
disgustingly  good  health.  Of  churches  there  are  a  plethora.  There  is  a  Swedisii 
Lutheran,  a  Swedish  Methodist,  and  a  Swedish  Baptist;  there  is  an  Episcopal  Methodist 
and  two  Roman  Catholic  edifices,  one  French  and  the  other  Italian.  Mr.  Bergman, 
Mr.  Edwards  and  Father  Reinhardt,  severally  look  after  the  welfare  of  these  congre- 
gations. The  Roman  Catholic  church  and  school  house  stands  on  the  lofty  hilltop 
across  the  track,  reached  by  three  long  flights  of  steps,  from  the  railway  station,  and 
commands  a  splendid  view  of  the  surrounding  country.  The  property  consists  of  thrm 
acres,  upon  which  also  stands  the  church  school,  conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis, 
with  Sister  Cassiana  in  charge,  and  an  attendance  of  nearly  200  children.  The  local 
Board  of  Education  is  presided  over  by  Mayor  Flannigan  and  consists  of  eight  otiier 
members,  viz.:  Messrs.  Per  Larsson,  D.  A.  Stewart,  James  O'Callaghan,  And.  Rein 
ward,  G.  A.  Hellberg  and  R.  C.  Browning. 

Mr.  S.  B.  Tobey  is  the  superintendent,  and  aided  by  nine  lady  teachers  instructs  a 
daily  average  of  325  children,  representing  thirteen  different  nationalities.  These, 
however,  soon  acquire  the  English  tongue,  which,  by  means  of  object  lessons  is  quickly 
imparted.  There  are  two  school  houses,  one  on  Nelson  street  the  other  at  the  Curry 
mine.  A  new  brick  school  house  of  modern  design  is  now  being  built  on  the  Brier  Hill 
addition,  at  a  cost  of  $19,000,  and  here  Mr.  Jansen  is  offering  some  beautiful  lots  at  from 
$150  to  5175.  Here  also  south  of  the  track  and  east  and  west  of  Main  street  the  Sweed 
ish  Lutherans  are  erecting  a  new  and  handsome  church  and  parsonage.  On  Main 
street  the  Hotel  Husson,  with  its  accomodation  for  forty  guests  and  modern  equip 
ments,  offers  every  convenience  for  tourists  or  travelers  under  Mr.  Aug.  Husson's  mm 
agement.  The  leading  lines  of  trade  are  ably  represented,  and  when  the  mines  .ire 
producing  at  full  capacity,  business  is  booming. 

Whilst  no  especial  invitation  is  given  to  retail  merchants,  Norway  has  singular 
inducements  to  offer  the  managers  of  industrial  enterprises. 


Tl 

Lake  1 
Fenn  ( 
•  xplorc 
lion,  pi 
leading 
I'reside 
liarvej 


The  Mknominkf.  Iron  Ranok. 


75 


ere  pressed  into 

losses  the  plai  iv 

actualities  mid 

t  4,000  people. 
Is,  the  saw  mill, 
are  well  f^racUd, 
The  drinking 
he  adit  built  by 
an  inexhaustitilc 
i  the  bin  dit(  li, 
is  provided  over 

is  one  per  cent, 
is   not   yet  been 

Lake  Mary  at 
t  of  water.  For 
rce — two  police- 
e  rusty  throuf,'h 
enn   Co.,  is  also 

citizens   are   in 

re   is  a  Swedish 

scopal  Methodist 

Mr.  Bergman, 

f   these  congK! 

le  lofty  hill-top 
way  station,  and 
consists  of  three 

s  of  St.  Francis. 

ren.     The  local 

s  of  eight  otlicr 

lan,  And.    Rein 

chers  instructs  a 
lalities.      These, 
essons  is  quickly 
ler  at  the  Curry 
n  the  Brier  Hill 
tiful  lots  at  from  | 
treet  the  Sweed-  i 
age.      On    Main! 
1  modern  equip- 
Husson's  man- 
n  the  mines  are! 

ay  has    singular; 


It  IS  Id  till-  centre  ot  a  niagnihcent  section  ot  liaKlwuiid  tind)iT.  snitaiilc  ior  niann 
t,i(  uire  into  every  class  of  woodenwarc,  laiue  quantities  ot  wliicli  aic  re(|nired  on  the 
lange,  andon  which  the  consumer  now  pa\  s  <l()id)le  freight  Within  two  miles  of  its 
post-office  Hows  the  Menominee,  with  water  reaily  to  volunteer  its  thousands  ot  liorse- 
jiower.  At  present  the  nearest  mac  hiue  shop  or  toundry  is  Marinette  or  Milwaukee,  to 
either  of  which  places,  every  thing  has  to  be  sent  for  repairs.  The  authorities  olfer  a 
free  site  for  the  establishment  of  such  an  industry,  and  are  ready  in  every  legitimate  way 
to  encourage  business  enterprises  and  they  invite  capital  to  consider  the  nature  ot  the 
husiness  benefits  they  feel  they  are  justified  in  promising. 

TuK  Akaoon  Mink. 
The  Aragon  mine  is  located  on  N.  ]<  of  N.  IC.  '4,  Sec.  cS,  leased  from  estate  of  11. 
Seager,  S.  L.  Smith,  T.  L.  Chadbourne  and  J.  .\.  Iluhbell;  also  on  N.  ji  of  N.  W.  J4 , 
Sec.  y,  leased  from  Brier  Hill  Mining  Cf>.  It  employs  about  lUj^  men.  It  is  equipped 
with  two  hoisting  shafts,  one  6x14  feet  with  double  skip-road  and  one  7x15  with  tlouble 
cage-road,  and  „  timber  shaft  5x10,  340  feet  deep.  The  ore  is  first  minetl  in  rooms 
across  formation,  with  pillars  of   ore  left  standing,      l^illars  and  rooms  are  about  20  feet 

wide.   All  openings are    timberetl    and 

sa  n  d  to  prevent 
a  1)  o  V  e  ore  body 
mine.  But  little 
first  and  second 
posit  has  rapidly  in- 
to fifth  level.  The 
is  300  feet  long  and 
is  filled  with  two 
with  five  and  six 
by  Webster,  Camp 
(3.,  and  one  Rand, 
compressor  driving 
Drills.     A  Worth- 


filled  with  rock  or 
water  from  swamp 
from  breaking  into 
ore  was  found  on 
levels,  but  the  de- 
creased from  third 
principal  ore  body 
up  to  150  in  v/idth, 
hoisting  plants 
foot  drums,  made 
(S:  Lane  of  Akron, 
and    one    Norwalk 

30     No.      3      Rand  Nei.son  Street— Lookinc.  South 

ington  pump  raises  500  gallons  of  water  per  minute  from  (fourth  level)  340  feet.      l"or 
jiumping  from  fifth  to  fourth  a  No.   10  Cameron   is  used. 

The  Aragon  is  a  new  producer,  but  is  regarded  by  experts  as  a  coming  wonder. 
The  officers  of  the  company  in  Milwaukee  are  Angus  Smith,  President,  Chas.  Himrood, 
Chicago,  Vice  President,  A.  W.  Wilkins,  Secretary,  Angus  Smith,  Treasurer. 

Thk  I^i;nn  MiNiNf.  Companv. 
The  property  on  which  the  Penn  Co. 's  mines  are  situated  is  leased  from  the 
Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Co.,  to  whom  a  fixed  royalty  per  gross  tons  is  paic'.  The 
Penn  Co.  employs  about  750  men.  On  the  Brier  Hill  property,  abandoned  in  1S83, 
explorations  are  now  being  renewed  and  together  with  the  celebrated  Harrison  explora- 
tion, promises  well.  The  Penn  Co.  controls  a  magnificent  property  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  ore  producing  corporations  on  the  range.  President,  P.  Stackhouse;  Vice 
President,  Jno.  Townsend;  General  Manager,  Wm.  Kelly,  Vulcan;  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
Harvey  Ellis.      Head  offices,  Philadelphia. 


TiiK  Mknominf.k  Iron   Ranoe. 


I.isr   ol     MINKS    IN    THK    NOKWAY   DISTUICT. 


Namr. 


OWNRKN, 


BUPKHINTHNDKNT. 


FiBitT 
HlIirMKNTN. 


C'I.AK8  UK  OKK. 

IKUN.     t'llOH. 


AraKon 'Aiikus  Sinitliia  al  I'tT  Larssoii. . 


|KH<)        Castile 
Arauon 


IngallK 


Granada. . , 


Hreen  Mim'...S.  I'.   Saxton. 

Hreen  Hr<is. .  . 

Inj;;ills  [''.state 

Urier  iiill I'eiin   Mininv!  CoiVVin.  Kully. 

Curry I'imiii   MiniiiL;  ("o  VVm,  Kelly. 

Cyclops I'eiiii   Mining  Co  Win    Kelly 

Norway I'eiin   Mining  Co  !\V'm.  Kelly 


I'lirkins I'enn   MiniiiL  Co. 

Stephenson  ..Not  oper.itinn.  .  . 
Stiir(.;(!on  KiverNot  operating'..  . 
Vulcan I'eiiii   Mining  Co 


Win.  Kelly.  ., 


Win    Kelly. 


1S77 
18H2 

i«7'» 

1S77 

1H77 
ih7(j 
1S7.J 
1HS7 
1H77 


Blu« 

Uessemer. 
Hessemer. . . 
Hessemer. . . 
Messenier.. . 
Hessemer 
Hes.si  iiier  .  . 


Hessemer, 


()6 
f.4 
64 


.015 

43 
.60 

1.65 
lo 
.80 


Pboduot 

IHOD. 


46,609 


TOTAt 

Output. 


4«..i.V 


(1891) 
2,000 


72,16a 

7.J61 

7.27f' 
11,971 


104,996 


See  Vulcan 
l4,<)Ki 
190,474 

^7.1.7''7 

i,i42,4>i'i 

400,<)(>7 

J')..1.S" 

19,40) 

1,409,784 


Four  miles  west  of  Norway,  at  an  elevation  of  458  feet  above  Lake  Michigan  or  scv 
entynine  feet  nearer  heaven  lies  picturesque  Ouinnf^sec,  verdant  and  pastoral  and  printed 
in  letters  of  jjrass  which  to-day  unworn  by  trafic  over  runs  its  sidewalks.  The  story  of  its 
early  creation  under  Mr.  Buell  has  been  written.  It  was  platted  in  1875  and  the  Whit 
beck  addition  pinned  on  in  1877-8;  a  hotel  and  school  house  was  built  the  same  year  by 
Mr.  Buell,  who  practically-,  th(iUf.(h  yoiinf,'  in  years,  is  the  patriarch  of  the  village.  In 
the  spring  of  1877  the  railway  reaclu'd  its  limits,  and  the  first  paper,  the  Qiiiiincsii 
Hi'Porler,  under  Mr.  Penberthy's  editorship  was  founded.  Quinnesec  fairly  hummed 
with  industry  for  a  while,  and  is  historically  remarkable  as  being  the  point  at  which  a 
large  number  of  the  now  prominent  men  of  the  range  first  engaged  in  business, 
and  the  point  from  which,  at  the  time  of  its  apparently  final  decadence,  they  fled.  The 
output  of  its  mine  gradually  diminished,  its  operators  declaring  that  its  ore  bed  was 
closing  out,  whilst  per  contra  their  were  others  who  insisted  that  it  was  the  manage 
ment  who  were  thus  effected.  Be  this  as  it  may,  most  of  the  passengers  deserted  tiif 
sinking  ship.  After  producing  283,323  tons  of  ore  the  mine  was  abandoned.  With 
implicit  confidence  in  the  hidden  possibilities  of  the  place  Mr.  Buell,  renewed  his  explo 
rations  last  November,  and  with  a  diamond  drill  on  the  west  line  of  the  town,  on  the 
N.  y'z,  Sec.  3,  T.  3(j,  R.  30,  within  a  hop,  skip  and  jump  from  the  school  house  door, 
308  feet  below  the  surface,  revealed  a  fine  grained  magnetic  ore,  the  first  of  its  kind 
developed  on  the  range.  In  conjunction  with  Dr.  Crowell  and  Mr.  J.  T.  Jones  of  the 
Hamilton  Ore  Co.,  a  two  cage  working  shaft  is  now  being  sunk,  and  from  an  analysis 
of  the  ore  the  promoters  are  justly  enthusiastic  over  the  discovery.  The  vein  is 
declared  to  be  seventy  feet  wide  and  its  product  Bessemer.  Mr.  Buell  asserts  very 
positively  that  the  usual  method  of  surface  exploration  is  bound  to  be  disappointing; 
the  true  ore  bed  must  be  sought  in  the  depths  below,  and  if  this  system  is  pursued  t'lc 
whole  country  from  Vulcan  to  the  Menominee  river  west,  which  is  in  no  sense  explore  1, 
should  be  found  to  be  full  of  profitable   metalliferous  deposit. 


Tmk   Mknominkk   Ikon   KANiir,. 


77 


Total 
Output. 

, 

0,600 

4«.33'' 

iHoi) 
2,000 

i,l62 

7J''" 
7.-'7'' 
1.97' 

14,006 

See  Vulcan 

14,0^1 

100,474 

■i7J.7"7 

1, 242,406 

400, 067 

JO.  .15" 

10.4") 

i,40'J.7«-t 

Michif^an  or  scv 

toral  and  printed 

The  story  of  its 

'5  and  the  Wiiit 

■\\v  same  year  by 

the  village.      In 

r,  the   QuiHHesic 

fairly   hummed 

])oint  at  which  a 

;ed   in   business, 

they  lied.      The 

its  ore  bed   w;is 

was  the  manage- 

ers   deserted  the 

;indoned.      With 

lewed  his  explo 

he   town,  on  tlie 

ool  house  door, 

first  of  its  kind 

T.  Jones  of  tlic 

om   an  analysis 

The    vein    i? 

ell  asserts   very 

I  disappointiiii,'; 

1  is  pursued  tie 

sense  explori  1, 


* 


Hefore  I  takr  you  any  further  west,  it  is  but  ri^ht  that  I  should  introduce  you  to  the 
i.iilway  which  has  brought  you  thus  far,  and  o|  whose  erxtiaordinary  transportation 
lac  "ties  you  have  but  faint  conception.  It  first  reached  (juinuesec  in  1877  and  carried 
tior  the  range  for  eastern  furnaces  78,028  tons  of  ore.  In  1H90  it  conveyed  to  the  port 
.i|  ICscanaba,  past  VVaucedah,  from  Norway  and  points  on  the  Menominee  and  other 
iron  ranges  west,  3,792,009  tons  of  ore,  besides  taking  the  lion's  share  of  1,321,544  tons 
sliippeil  by  all  rail  to  Chicago  and  elsewhere. 

That  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  moves  in  a  mjsterious  way  and  performs  won 
ders  is  a  fact  acknowledged  by  the  traveler  whose  business  or  pleasure  takes  him  to  tlu' 
solemn  woods  of  Michigan.  I  have  already  related  the  intimate  connection  which  this 
viaduct — forev»'r  sounding  with  the  hum  of  unceasing  travel  bears  to  the  ore  develop 
nicnt  of  the  Menominee,  for  it  was  tht.'  vanguard  of  the  army  of  commercial  salvation 
which  invaded  the  ranges  and  awakened  their  slumbering  possibilities  to  a  proper  sense 
of  trade  responsibility. 


VUI.CAN    ANO    CURKV    MiNES,     PlNN    MiNINC    Co. 

The  man  who  originally  declared  that  trade  followed  the  flag,  failed  to  make  his 
excellent  axiom  wi  Uy  complete.  The  flag,  par  excellence,  which  beckons  trade,  is  the 
inviting  ensign  whicli  floats  from  every  locomotive  that  hauls  a  train  over  the  steel  rails 
of  the  Chicago  and  N  irthwestern  railway,  and  its  vast  railway  system  signally  demon- 
strates this.  In  1850  trains  were  first  run  over  the  Galena  and  Chicago  Union  Railway, 
consisting  of  only  42  miles  of  track.  To-day  you  can  travel  over  its  roau-bcd  for  7,000 
miles  and  traverse  nine  states  and  territories  without  exhausting  the  mileage  published 
in  its  time  cards.  Of  this  total  there  are  14  miles  in  N.  Dakota,  130  n\  Wyoming,  o^-i 
ill  Michigan,  820  in  Minnesota,  998  in  S.  Dakota,  1,272  in  Nebraskii,  1,344  in  Juwa, 
1,506  in  Wisconsin  and  594  in  Illinois.  In  a  word  it  gridirons  the  country  of  its  occu- 
pation, and  receives  a  tribute  from  the  varied  resources  of  the  latitudes  exploited.      It 


78 


Thk  Mknominek.   Ikon   Rangk. 


holds  as  it  were  in  tlu>  interests  of  proj^iess.  a  tiiuh-  coinmission  issued  by  the  world  of 
coininerce,  to  develop  tl\e  discoveries  of  the  inineral  explorer,  the  pine  hunter  and  tlic 
husbandman,  anil  connect  the  centres  of  trade.  It  penetrates  the  ore  lands  anil  waki  s 
the  echoes  of  the  sombre  forests  of  Michigan  ;  it  rouses  with  its  whistle  the  prainc 
farmers  of  Minnesota,  whose  golden  wheat  lands  bow  to  its  advent  ;  it  encourages  the 
corn  sheller  of  Iowa  and  offers  him  profitable  barter  for  his  yellow  grain  :  it  stirs  Wis- 
consin into  rivalry  with  her  adjacent  states,  cementing  in  friendly  competition  aggressive 
"wolverine"  and  industrious  "badger;"  -'t  infuses  hope  and  contentment  in  the  minds 
of  the  ranchers  of  Nel.rask'.i  and  Wj'oming,  and  incites  the  prospectors  of  the  latter 
territory  into  renewed  effort  to  "strike"  more  oil  ;  it  affords  vigorous  Dakota  admirable 
opportunity  to  discharge  the  metallic  wealth  of  its  famed  Black  Mills;  it  measurably 
assists  to  dev(>lop  Colorado's  boundless  possibilities,  and  forges  the  link  of  direct  trade 
between  Portland,  on  Oregon's  Pacific  slope,  and  Chicago,  mistress  of  the  greatest 
saltless  seas  in  Christendom.  It  conveys  the  merchant  pressed  for  time  and  hnrryin;; 
to  complete  his  western  engagements,  by  a  transit  of  wonderful  rapidity  to  the  twin 
giants  of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  ;  it  connects  with  close  alphabetical  touch  Chicago 
and  Denver,  and  permits  the  world's  sight-seer  to  explore  at  his  leisure  the  famed 
diorasua  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  which  eclipses  with  its  vistas  the  sacred 
Euphrates. 

You  can  reach  San  Francisco  direct  from  Chicago  without  leaving  j'our  Pullman,  or 
you  can  visit  Pierre,  the  capital  of  South  Dakota,  by  an  uninterrupted  highway  which 
knocks  into  smithereens  the  celebrated  "street  called  straight"  in  Damascus.  Nearly 
1,200  locomotives  and  38,000  cars  are  necessary  to  transport  the  passengers,  mail  and 
freight  originating  at  the  1,300  stations  on  its  line.  It  requires  1,000  conductors  witii 
heroic  zeal  to  guard  its  trains,  150  of  wdiich,  with  2^5,000  passengers  daily  arrive  anil 
depart  from  the  great  central  passenger  station  at  Chicago.  It  conveys  the  products  of 
a  country  of  inexhaustible  natural  resource,  a  very  empire  of  staple  products,  and  is 
awaiting  to-day  to  carry  you  into  the  heart  of  the  Menominee  to  help  to  develop  with 
your  aggressive  manhood,  your  labor  and  your  capital,  the  richest  fields  of  Bessemer  in 
the  universe. 

The  Chicago  and  Northwestern  is  the  only  road  which  has  direct  connection  with 
Norway  cr  its  eastern  points,  and  the  business  man,  the  tourist  or  the  sportsman  may 
rest  complete  confidence  in  the  management  of  its  vast  system  which  will  land  him  at 
the  objective  point  of  his  desire.  Its  vestibuled  coaches,  its  dining  cars,  its  smooth 
road  bed  and  its  bridges  of  steel,  guarantee  him  the  greatest  luxurj'  of  modern  travel  and 
a  safe  and  pleasant  interruption  to  his  journeyings  when  he  halts  to  investigate  the 
magnetic  influences  of  wonderful  Iron  Mountain. 


)y  llie  world  nt 
liuntcr  and  tlic 
nds  and  wak(  s 
tie  the  praiiic 
bncouruf^'es  tlie 

;  it  stirs  Wis- 
tion  aggressi\(' 
it  in  the  minds 
;  of  the  latter 
Uota  admirable 

it  measurably 
of  direct  trade 
f    tlie    greatest 

and   hurryiiii; 

ity  to  the  twill 

touch  Chicago 

ure    the   famed 

stas  the  sacred 

ur  Pullman,  or 
highway  whieli 
ascus.  Nearly 
igers,  mail  and 
onductors  with 

ly  arrive    and 

le  products  of 

oducts,  and    is 

develop  with 
Bessemer  in 

3nnection  with 

lortsman  mav 

land   him  at 

irs,  its  smooth 

ern  travel  and 

nvestigate  the 


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Thk  Citv  ok  Norwav. 


The  C/ty  o/'iVorwa_y  is  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  Menoriiinee  Range,  and  tlie 
first  building  was  erected  in  1877.  The  city  which  contains  about  4,000  inhabitants,  is 
surrounded  by  Iron  Mines,  among  which  are  the  Cyclops,  Norway,  Perkins,  Stephenson, 
Aragon,  Harrison,  Brier  Hill,  Curry  and  Vulcan. 

It  is  situated  about  two  miles  from  the  Menominee  river,  which  divides  Michigan 
from  Wisconsin.  The  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and  the  Iron  Mountain,  Escanaba  & 
Western  railways  pass  through  it. 

It  is  surrounded  by  good  .Far/n/n^  lands,  and  no  one  who  has  undertaken  to  till  the 
soil,  has  failed  to  reap  a  rich  reward. 

The  lands  when  taken  up,  have  usually  been  heavily  wooded  and  have  yielded  a 
good  profit  in  Cord  Wood,  Telegraph  Poles,  Posts,  Ties,  Hemlock  Bark  and  Sawlogs. 

A  ready  Market  is  found  for  all  these  and  succeeding  crops,  i*iid  to  the  seeker  after 
a  comfortable  home,  the  locality  presents  unusual  attractions. 

The  city  is  the  most  healthy  on  the  range,  and  has  many  beautiful  Building  sites. 
Some  of  these  situated  on  the  banks  of  its  deep  picturescjue  £,aites  cannot  be  surpassed. 

It  has  five  Churches  of  different  denominations  and  four  School  Houses-  By  a 
recent  vote  of  the  people  a  $ig,ooo  High  School  building  is  now  being  erected. 

All  the  prominent  benevolent  Societies  are  represented,  and  socially  the  community 
is  second  to  none  in  the  state. 

While  the  Mining  Industry  will  always  be  the  principal  one,  the  opportunities  for 
the  establishment  of  Wooden  Ware  factories.  Sash,  Door  and  Blind  factories,  Lime 
Kilns  and  numerous  smaller  enterprises,  are  unlimited. 

Norway  would  be  an  excellent  point  for  the  establishment  of  a  small  Foundry  and 
Repiir  Shop,  as  its  proximity  to  the  Mines  insures  a  good  business.  For  this  purpose 
a  suitable  site  would  be  donated. 

City  Officials. 


i    Dry  Go 


Hon.   R.   C.   Flannigan,  Mayor. 


Board  of  Aldermen 
Capt.  Thomas  Oliver, 
J.  B.  Knight, 
Francis  Blackwell, 
E.  J.  Quarnstrom, 


W.  M.  Ramsdell,     Treasurer. 
Johi  Bunt,  Marshal. 


Malcolm  Anderson, 
Dr.  C.  D'A.  Wright, 
A.  Sparapani, 
Frank  Sala. 

Donald  Cameron,  .lilorney. 


Charles  Swanson,  Clerk. 

Frank  Ahlich,  Chief  of  Fire  Hept       Dr.  O.  M.  Sattre,  Health  Offie. 


v.  Flanagan, 


Jiisiiees  of  Peaee 
Thomas  Hay,  William  Wilco.x, 


Alexis  Patenaude, 


NORWAY  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


CLASSIFIED     LIST     OF     ADVERTISERS. 


:lange,  and   tlie 

inhabitants,  is 

IS,  Stephenson, 

vides  Michigan 
n,   Escanaba  & 

taken  to  till  the 

have  yielded  a 
'•k  and  Sawlogs. 
he  seeker  after 


)portiinities  for 
factories,  Lime 

Foundry  and  J 
r  this  purpose 


on,  Altonity. 
re,  If.alifi  OJfic 


Attorneys  and  Justices — 

Camkron,    Don. 
Patenauue,  a. 

Druggists — 

FlNNEflAN,     El). 
I'ATENAUnK,     A. 

Dry  Goods — 

Gee,  Jas.   H. 
LusTFiELu  Bros. 

Furniture — 

Springer,   L.   F.  di  Co. 

General  Merchandise — 

Browing,   Lindahl  &  Co. 
Perkins,    |no.   &  Son. 

Groceries  and  Crockery — 

Anderson,   M. 


Hardware— 

Photographers — 

Ramsdei.i.,   Wm. 

BORDEWICH    c'i    ESKII.I.. 

Hotel— 

HtissoN,  A. 

Real  Estate— 

COLWKI.I.,     H.    J. 

Insurance  - 

Jansen,   F.   .v. 

0'CALL.A(il'.AN,    T. 

O'Cai.i.agiian,   (Ieo. 

Jeweler— 

Stationery  and  Notiovs — 

ECKLI'ND,      [no. 

Sampson,  R.   M. 

Livery — 

Keating,   J     M. 

Tailor— 

Gardiner,   H.    r. 

Manufacturers— 

O'Cai-I-aghan  Bros. 

&  Co. 

Wines  and  Lit/uors- 

Newspaper — 

The  Cdrrent. 


Oliver,   R.  C. 
Rowe,  Joseph. 


GEORGE  O'CALLAGHAN, 


-DEALER    IN 


LUMBER 


STUMPAGE  AND  WILD  LANDS  FOR  SALE. 


REAL  ESTATE. 


Choice  Building  Lots  for  Sale  in  the  City 
of   Norway.      O'Callaghan's    Addition 
to  Norway  and  to  the    Town    of 
Ingallsdorf    consisting     of 
Residences  and  Busi- 
ness Proparties, 


THE  CURRENT 

A  live  weekly  newspaper  especially  devoted  to 

!    the  pnblication  of  matters  of  interest  connected  with 

the   explo'  .tion,  development  and  prof^ress   of   the 

Iron   Kanne  of    the    Upper    Peninsula,    and    of    the 

"Menominee  Iron  Range"  in  particular. 

This  paper,  besides  being  an  excellent  paper  as 
regards  local  matters,  is  liberally  electic  and  as 
such  presents  the  leading  current  news  and  opinions 
on  subjects  of  special  interest  to  its  large  list  of  sub- 
scribers. 

As  a  recognized  authority  on  Mining  atfairs, 
and  reaching  as  it  does  nearly  every  mining  camp 
on  the  Upper  Peninsula,  the  Current  presents  an 
admirable  medium  'ir  advertising  mining  Machinery. 

SUBSCRIPTION  PRICE  $2,00  PER  YEAR. 

ADVERTISING  RATES  ON  APPLICATION. 

J.   B.   KNIGHT. 

Editor  and  Prop'r. 

J.  H.  MACNAUGHTON, 

Ass't  Editor. 


82 


Business  Dirf.ctory  ok  Norway,   Mich. 


O'CALLAGHAN  BROS.  S  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OK 


RouQh  and  Dressed  Lumber 


SHINGLES,  POSTS,    TIES, 


LoNQ  Joist  and  Bridqe  TI^/[BKRS, 


AND    DEALERS    IN 


SASH,  DOORS,  BLINDS,  MOULDINGS,  ETC. 


NORWAY,  MICH. 


W.    M.    Raivisdell,    Mgr. 


DEALER    IN 


Shelf  *^  Heavy  Hardware,  Mining  ^  Lumbermen's  Supplies 

TINWARE,  TIN  AND  IRON  ROOFING, 

DOORS  AND  SASH,    BRICK  AND  LIME, 

VILAS'  PREPARED  PAINTS,  OILS,   ETC. 


AGENT  FOR  DOMESTIC  SEWING  MACHINES. 


Or 


X"'         ♦ 


JAMES  H.  GEE, 

DEALER    IN 

J     Goods,  •  Boots,  •  Shoes,  *  Groceries 

AND 

GEi^ERAL    MERCHANDISE. 

FOiJiKlN  F.aCR  ^aGE  on  ALL  PARTS  OF  EUROPE.     OCEAN  TICKETS,  ETC. 


BusiNKss  DiKKcroKv  (IK  Ndkwav,   Mum. 


«3 


K.     A.    JANSON, 

MINING  ENGINEER  PENN   IRON   MINING  CO. 

Examinations  oi--  anii  Kkwokts  madk  ri'oN  Minim;  1'uoi'Ekiies. 
NOR'WA.Y.    MICH. 

rr^   t'l  n  Tl    IH   r\V  \  T     T?OT  A  TT?  '"'*  lors  for  sale,    chokk  p.nsiNKSs  and  kksioenc-e 
III  I  IH  I     ^1    nr  A        rN     A      r  i-kopekty  in  the  brur  hill  mining  ccs  addii'ion,  upon 

LllJJUi     IH    LIIjAL    JJU  1  a  1  U         which  I'KOI'ERTY  in  course  of  construction  ark 

Tin:  NKW  CITY  HIGH  SCHOOL,  TUB  SffHDlSJI  IJITIIKRAN  CHURCH,  AND  A  M«BRR  OF  PRIVATE  RKSHiKNCKS. 


JOHN   E^KLUNn, 

UKAI.EK    IN 


RICHARD  C.  OLIVER, 

^*'^r,v!;<  ,!^!^^J^''"''  Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars 


.1    /•'((//    Line    of  Musical     Instruments. 
Repaikino  A  Spkciai.ty. 


MAIN   STREE'I',    NORWAY. 


M.    ANDERSON. 


PEALEK    IN 


GROCKRIES,  CROCKERY,  ETC. 

MAIN    STREET,    NORWAY.    MICH. 


ADOLI'II  I.U8TFIF.I.D.      ALFRKD  LUSTFIKLD     CIIAS.    LUSTFIEI.D. 

"The  Leader," 

LUSTFIFLD  LiOS,,  Props. 

MAMMOTH  DRY  GOODS  AND  (ILOTHING  EMPORIUM 

HKAnyUAKTERS  FOR 

CARPETS,   CLOAKS,    HATS.   SHOES, 
TRUNKS,   FURNISHINC;  GOODS, 

And    all    such    Ootids    usually    carried    in    a    F'irst 
Class  Store. 

ONE  PRICE CASH PLAIN   FIC.URES. 

THE    LARGEST    STORE    IN    NORWAY,    MICH. 
CHAS.  LUSTFIELD.  MANAOSH. 


ANTON   ODILL, 

WHOLESALE 

WINKS,  LIQUORS  AND  CIGARS 

SALOON     KIN  I  IKES,     ETC. 

Imported  Wines,  fornia  Wines  and 

Champagn'  ays  on  hand. 

SAMPLE   ROOM  .\  WHOLESALE  DEPT. 

Nelson  Sti         ,  Norway,  Mich. 

MY   RETAIL   BDSINT        WILL  BE  KEPT  AS  USUAL, 


The  Best  ok  Accommodations    kok  the 

Travelinc.    PL'HLIC. 


LARr.K    ^\Mli.E    iioOM    ANII    1<ATI1     RoOM^ 

IN  Connection. 


Hotel    H  lis  son, 


A.  HUSSON,  Proprietor, 


A.     HUSSOM,     JR. 

Clelk 


Transient  Rales,  .S2.00  per  Day  Special   Rates  by   the  Week. 


84 


Business  Directory  of  Norway,   Mich. 


H.  J.   COLWELL, 


RKAL    KSTATK, 


Nelson  Stkeet,   Nornav,   Mich. 


MOTART  IND  JUSTICE  OF  THE  FKiCK, 


COLLECTIONS  PROMPTLY  MADE 


A.    PATENAUDK, 
DRUGGIST  AND  APOTHECARY 

DEALER    IN 

TOILET  ARTICLES,  STATIONERY, 

WALL  PAPER  AND  FANCY  ARTICLES 
OF  ALL  KINDS. 

SXOCX  FRBSh  AND  OOMPLETE. 


DON    CAMERON, 

ATTORNEY 

AND  COUNSELOR  AT  LAW, 

NORWAY,  MICH. 


DEALER  IN  ORGANS  AND  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS, 

Nelson  Streci',  Nor'vav,  Mich. 

Prescriptions  Oarefnlly  Compounded  Day  or  Nighti 

R.  C.  TlRowNiNO.      Carl  A.  Lindaiii..      John  E.  Anderson. 


Browning,  Llndatil  &  Co. 


General  Merchandise, 


City  Attorney. 


I 


Main  Street, 


Norway,   Mich. 


Richard  ivi.  Sampson,  Jr., 

POSTMASTER, 

Necl^uear,   fanCY   3^^^*on^''V» 
Notion. s, 

Imported  and  Domestic.  Cig^ars 

Main  Street,         Norway,  Mich. 


Foreign  Exchange.     Tickets  to  all  parts  of  Europe, 
etc.,  etc. 


L.    K.    SPRINGER   &   CO., 

I>K  \I.KRb     IN 

Parlor,  Bed  Room  &  Kitchen  FtlRNITtlTIE  Bedding,  Window  ^ades, 

F^icsturti  f^reiFFies,  Eeisels,  Etcs. 

CORNER  OF  MAIN  STREET  AND  SUNSET  AVENUE,   NORWAY,   MICH. 


UNDERTAKING  DEPARTMENT  OPEN   DAYps^^NIQHT.     EMBALMING  A  SPECIALTY 


Business  Diukctokv  oi    Nokwav,    Mich. 


85 


JOHN  PERKINS 


SAMUBL  PERKINS 


»N, 
r  LAW, 

I. 


[PSON,  Jr., 


ationerv, 


s 


tic  Ci^ar.s 

V,  Mich. 
parts  of  Europi' 


ow  Shades, 


ICH. 


SPECIALTY 


JOHN    PEWK'IXS   &    t^OX, 


rii,VI,KKS    IN 


GENERAL  ME5RCHANDISE 

Established  1880.  -         -  -  Stock  Complkte  in  Every  Line. 


NORWAY  LIVERY  STARLE, 

W  J.  KEATING,  PROP'R. 

LIVERY 

Sale  and  Boardina  Stable. 

Hearse   and    Car-r-iages    Fur'nished    for 
Fiiner-als.        Special     attention     10 
Hunting,  Camping  and  Fish- 
ing Parties. 


FINNEGAN'S 

DRUG  STORE 

EDWABl)  FIN.NEGAN'.  FHIIP'H. 
GEE  BUILDING,       -      MAIN  STREET. 
I'l'KK,  fkf:sh  drugs, 

I'.\TEXT   MEUICLXKS, 

TOfLKT  ARTICLES, 

STATIONERY,    ETC. 

pRESCRIi   rtl)'..    CvKEKI   I.I.V  CoM  I'OIN  DKl). 


INORWAY  INSURANCE  AGENCY 


TSIOS.  O' 


J^C-i-EnSTT. 


Rktrksenting  Seven  of  the  Oi.n  .and  Le.xdini;  Fire  Insur.\noe  Cos.      .Vccident  I'oi.icies  also  Issi.ed. 


BORDEWICH  &  ESKIL 


PHOTOGRAPHERS 

Cr.iyon    Portraits    and    <)ii     l'aintinf,'s    a    Specialty. 

riiotonraphy  in   all   its   liranches,      Mining  aiul 

Longing   Vii'Ws   always   on    Hand.      I'luito- 

graphs  from  Life,   .nnd  Copies,  reduced 

or    enlarged    and    tinisheil     in     the 

finest  .style. 


JOSEPH  ROWE, 


niC.M.KK   IN 


NELSON  STREET, 


NORWAY.  MICH. 


Imported  Wines 

LIQUORS  P.^*  CIGARS, 


CYCLOPS  AVE..        NORWAY,  MICH. 


H.    F.    GARDINER, 


MERCHANT    TAILOR 

MAIN  STREET,       -      -       NORWAY,  MICH. 


■/■; 


in 


o 


o 

o 
as 


> 

I 

•s: 

a 


U 


4 


Xlctl'IIlllI 

jMiii'  clai 

irises  to  j 

fi'ndividiii 

Sj'ou   are 

4  The 

■;  ar.il  is  oi 

:|ncarly  i, 

Iniaiiy   ye 

Isingular 

lof,  in  its 

|2ist   of  : 

linterests 

:*f(iiniatioi 

jones-  -\vi 

|a(iministi 

ipolilical  I 

|-  its  acc( 

pallairs,    w 

ieedin<;  ; 

Now 

iiiilustria! 

referred  t 

to  submit 


CHAPTICK     \' 


(ONTIM'KI)) 


rillC  C\T\  OI'   IKON   MOUNTAIN. 


v'< 


■k.ki 


X 


9 


X 


iv   N     \\  .    lihi'oT     Ikon   Mointain. 


Fork'  miles  fr  )in  (  hiiiinescc,  but 
still  upwards,  liaviiij;  f,';iinL'(i  J3 
tcft  ol  altituilc  ill  I'vcry  iiiilf  of  travel, 
an  1  \\v  reach  the  capital  of  Dickenson 
County,  which  rests  its  acres  of  uikIu- 
atiu^'  pleasantness  550  feet  above  the 
waters  of  Micliif^an.  We  are  still  at 
about  the  same  r('lati\e  (Hstance  from 
the  river,  but  have  readied  the  ter- 
minus of  the  abrupt  spur  of  hills  wiiicii 
determine  the  boundaries  of  the  local  Iron  Mountain,  and  which  in  tlie  case  of  the 
piiie  c  lad  cape.  Green  Mountain,  which  stands  at  gaze  over  the  valley  of  the  Menominee, 
sciine  250  feet  above  the  surrounding  territory  on  the  west,  and  "lluj^hitts"  wliich 
rises  to  about  the  same  elevation  on  the  east  side  of  the  town  lends  an  air  of  physical 
I'lidix  idiialitv  to  tliese  mysterious  vistas  of  country,  tlu;  development  of  wliose  resources 
Villi   are   commencing   to  realize,  are   all  in  their  callow  infancy. 

The  population  of  Iron  Mountain  in  iS8u  was  less  than  150;  to-day  it  is  over  g,ooo, 

ar.d  is  one  of   the  few  towns  of   the  peninsula   which    has   increased   its   population    by 

nearly  1,000   souls  every  year  since    the   *irst   day  of    its   existence.      Originally  and  for 

>niany   years,  part   and   parcel  of,  and    within  the   boundaries  of   Menominee   county,  its 

.singular  qualifications  which  it   shared  in  common  with    Norway    were   largel)'  lost  sight 

■  of,  in  its  geographical  relation  to  the  county  town,  70  miles  to  the  southwaril.      On  the 

'21st   of   May,  iScji,   agitation    had    its   reward,   and   the   promoters  of   its   metropolitan 

:jiiit(,'rests    had    the    satisfaction    of    seeing    their    efforts   crowned    with    victory    by    the 

formation  of  the  new  county  of  Dickenson — carved  out  of   the  area  of   unwieldy  existing 

;Oiies — with  its  courts  of  justice,  and  its  public  institutions  removed  to  the  new  centre  of 

administration.  Iron  Mountain.      Tho'    this   result    had    not   been   accomplished   without 

political  tergiversation — a  great  temporary  source  of  etlitorial  material  for  range  journals 

-   its  accomplishment  was  accepted   as  the   only    legitimat(;   solution  of  the  contlition  of 

tallairs,    which   necessitated  oii    the    part  of   tlu;  client,  the    law-giver,  or  the   prospector 

^needing  adjudication  of  his  claims,  a  Sabbath  day's  journey  to  rcmiote  Menomvnee  town. 

Now  as  in  this  chapter  descrii)tive  of  Iron  Mountain,  I  intend  to  elaborate  upon  the 

-•iinluslrial  opportunities,  which  are  applicabli;   in  a  greater  (jr    less   degree  to   an'ry   town 

retcrred  to  and  wliich  form  the  key  to  the  ittilizablc  resources  of  the  whole  ran^e,  I  propose 

"to  submit  the  veriest   outline   sketch   of  its   history   and   its   people,  giving  the  greater 


88 


Till"   Mknomimf.f   Iko\   Kanck. 


amount   ot    iittiMitioii   ti)   the   trade    possiliilitics   wliich  it    to  daj  jjrcstMits  to   tlu'  man  in  I 
search  of  protitabKi  iiivi'stiiifiits. 

Ill  1^7^)  tlie  first  loc()motiv('  stoatTKnl  its  wav  round  the  curve  and  lialtctl    where  ih- 
(lepcn,  in  charge  of   Mr.  Stiles,  now  stands  in  tlie  ci-ntre  of  tin-  town.      I'lcvious  to  tliis, 
the  city  was  in  tlie  wilderness.      It  was  known  as  "Section  30"  in  the  early  days,  ami  al  j 
the  time  of  Quinnesec's  decease  hecanu;  the  asylum  for  its  most  prominent  men  of  hiisi 
n(!ss,    Messrs.  A.  F.  Wright   and    Iliif^h    McLauf^hlin    moving'   in   at  that  time.      In  iSjh. 
tluire  were   hut   four  places  occupied   for  tlu;    purposes  of  trade,  one  a  general    store  iiin  | 
liy  Mr.  C.   K.  I'arent,  Andy  Hoyington's   hotel,  where    Hocking's  saloon  now  stands,  H. 
O.   Pliill)rof)k's  store    and   postolfice,    Louis    Dittmeyer's   shoe   making   emporium   and 
Frank  .Ayer's    "temptation  sho|)."      This   was    in    the   good    old    days    when    thetradinnj 
shacks  were  so   diminutive    tiiat  the    luiriy    miner,    when    indulging    in    the    luxury  of  ;i  | 
clean  "out  lit  "  iiad  to  move  out  on  to  the  highway  in  order  to  try  on  his  "pants." 


The  tt)wn  al  tiiis  time 
for  a  song.  Tradition 
Flesiieim  who  had  the 
Van  Cleve,  the  surveyor, 
it  was  a  repetition  of  tlu' 
much  territory  and  few 
faith  enough  in  it  to  have 
tliese  (la\'s,  according  to 
go  out  "gunning"  and 
shot  of  the  present  "Felch 
ducks  disputed  the  right 
avenue.  With  the  de- 
fnl  Chapin  and  Lumber- 
in,  the  camp  of  fifty  souls 
tudes,  the  story  of  its 
and  fresh   additions  were 


Mu.  John   K.    Wood. 


could    liave    been   boii^'lil| 
any    way    says    that   Jot. 
place  platted,  offered  ittoj 
for  "nothing."    However  I 
old    story,    there    was   so 
were    to    be    found     with] 
"any    use    for    it."        Inj 
Mr.  Felch,   a   man    coiilil 
shoot   a  deer   within  ritlej 
Hotel,"    whilst    the   ^'tyj 
of    way    on     Stephenson  j 
velopment  of  the  wondci 
men's  mines,  men  poiiir.; 
soon    swelled     its    multi 
treasures  were  circulated | 


tacked  on  to  the  villaj,'e,  1 
The  first  of  these  were  the  Stephenson  and  Flesheim,  then  the  Jenkins  and  Spies,  tlitiiJ 
the  St.  Clair,  the  Hamilton,  Merryman,  and  the  Rosenheim,  until  the  town  like  "Topsy,' 
"growed  and  growed,"  and  verified  Mr.  De  Veres  prophecy  and  became  the  little  giant! 
of  the  Menominee.      Joseph  Hambly  kept  the  first  boarding  house  in  1S78,  co-temporarM 
with   the  sinking  of  the  first   Chapin  shaft,  an  excellent  view  of  which  I  have  given  else 
where.      Amongst  the  citizens  identified  with  the  early  history   of  the  town,  were  A.  1". 
Wright,  H.  McLaughlin,  W.  W.   I'elcii,  J  no.  Friedrichs,  Dr.  Cameron,  Geo.  F.  Seibuit. 
Ed.  J.  Ingram,  Sol.  Noble,  R.  L.  Ilammond,  H.  De  Vere,  X'ivian  Chellew,  W.  Hockliig.j 
Oliver  Evans.  Major  Trndell,   K.  S.  Buck,  S.  Mortensen,    Arthur  Flatt,   J.  E.  Robhiiis. 
E.  Croli,  M.  Cileason,  Aldermen  Hancock,  Dr.  Crowell,  Carl  Sciuildes,   City  Clerk  Sav- 
ing,  J.   I).  Cudlip,    A.  J.  Leve(]ue,    B.   H.  Scott,   J.    B.  Weimer,    (ieo.    Alexander,   Jnlir.| 
Rule,   Jos.  Lemieux.   the  Merritt  Bros,      ail  enterprising  citizens,  and  F.  W.  McKinney. 
who  was  active  in   his  efforts  to  advertise   the  advantages  of  the  place — besides  ni.irn^ 
others  whose  indifference  however,  to  written  requests  for  information   must  rest  tliej 
reason   for   omission    of   reference   in   these  pages.      Mr.    John    R.    Wood   of   the   Fii^- 
National  Bank,  who  prospected  for  mineral  as  early  as  March,  1S79,  and  became  man.:;^er| 


TiiK   Ml  NoMiNi.i    Iron    Kamjk. 


89 


s  to   till'  man 

iiltcd    wlii'if  t|i 
'rtsvioiis  to  tliis, 
rly  (liiys,  and  at 
int  nu'ii  of  liusi- 
t  time.      In  i.SjS 
uncral   stort;  run 
1  now  stands,  R  9 
cniporiiim   .md  | 
dien   the  trading 
tlic  luxury  of  a 
i  "pants." 
v(!    been   boui^hi ' 

says    tliat  Jm 
tted,  offered  It  tc 
unf(. "     However 
y,    tlu.Tc    was   n 
b(j    found     will 
^c    for    it."        Ii: 
;li,    a   man    Cdiili: 
deer  within  ritli 
whilst    the   ^rt} 
on     Stephen  sdii 
nt  of  tiio  wondui 
ines,  men  pourt'i! 
elled     its     miilti  ! 
were  circulated 
to  the  villiij^e. 
and  Spies,  tlieiif 
u  like  "Topsy,' 
e  the  little  gian;"! 
78,  co-temporan  | 
lave  given  elsi  | 
wn,  were  A.  F 
Geo.  F.  Seibiil. 
w.  W.  Hocking.|j 
J.  E.  Robbms 
City  Clerk  Sav- 
\le.\ander,   J  'lii| 
W.  McKime;, 
-besides  ni  iny| 
n  must  rest  tlic| 
od   of   the   Mrs: 
)ecame  man,  ;^er] 


|(it    tlic   Coriifll   mine,    an<l    was    laid     idcnlilicd    with    thr    I-'ilcli  Mniiiitaiii  and    \'td(  .in 

luidnstrif-  ami  i)assrd  two  yeais  in  the  ( i();;cliic  l\,inj;(',  and  '^uit^fipniitK   in    Ishpi'm'ng, 

liid    not    make    Iron    Mountain    his   luinianciit    immc    until     iSNj        lud.iv     Mi.    Wood 

1(11  Mipies    one   III    ihf   most   ('inialiic    positions   in   the  citw  he   is  prcsidfiit   ot    tin-  onlv 

Miikinu   imusc   in    Iron    Miuintain   and   t(i,L;ctiicr   witli    Messrs.    Sterling    and    Silv<TW(ioil 

|(  niidnits   one  ot    tlir   lar^;est  real  estate  and  insmaiuc  agtmns  in  thr  l'p|H  1    I'cniiisnia, 

land  he  is  lurther  justly  regarded  as  oiif  ot   the   most   rnti  1  pi  isinu;   men   ol   the   raiit;i',  as 

a   s(  rutiny    of  the   engravings   of    the   costl)   brii.  k  and    stone   blocks  ici  eiitlv  erected  li\ 

liun.  bi;ar  living  witness.      Mr.  Woods    prosperits  and    the  ad\  aucenient    of  Iron  Mouii 

It.iln.  are  synonymous  phrases.      And  llie  ((mijileit-  reali/ation  ol  both  is  inevitable. 

In  these  early  tl ays  most  of  the  trading  was  done  at  <_)uinnescc       In   1  SSo  the  Chaiiin 

[shipped  34,556  and    the  Lumberman's,  or    I.ndington,  N, Sid  tons  ot    ore,  and  the  Inlnic 

lol    Iron  ^b)unlain  was   regarded  as  a  sure  thing.      Tiie   mines  at   this   time  being  geuer 

lalK  known    by  numbers.      The   Millie,  or    old    Hewitt    mine,  made   its   lirst  shipment  of 

L.jjj  tons   in  1881.      Tens  of  miners  weri'    then  only  emiiloyed,  Vvhere   now  an;  reipiired 

Ihundreds.      h'ew  real  estate  transactions  art;  re( urded  of  those  days.      Lots  on  I'^h.'sheim 

Jstn    t  60x126,  now  worth    1,500,  hunted   toi  |)urchasers  at  575.      [-"ropcnt}'  pmchased  on 

ISteplienson    avenue    for  S500  iu    i(S,Si,  today  cannot    be    bought    for   5(),ooo,    and    these 

lvalues  are   based  on  rentals.      Lots   further  south  on   same   street,  then  worth  ^250,  are 

yit-lds  no   matter  !iow  tempting    the   offer,  and   these  values  are  recognized  in  the  assess- 

Inients.      In   1871^  there  was  a    population  of  about  100  people.      The    place;    boomed  and 

[with  its  advances  towards  puberty  the  jxjpulation  steadily   increased,  and  when  the  rail- 

Iway  stormed  its  solitudes  its  live  inhabitants  soon  totalled  500  souls.     The  most  of  these 

k-ere  Americans  and  Cornishnien  from  the  copper  country  or  from  the  older  iron  ranges, 

•  ith  a    few  Italians  from   across    the   oc(;an.      Meanwhile    the   jjrospectors  were    hard  at 

tork   and   the    Indiana  mine   in    1882   shipped  4,i8o   tons,  and    the   Calumet   under  the 

siiperintendency  of  John  R.  Wood,  5,847,  and   in    iS8()   the   Cornell,    discovered   by  the 

lame  expert,  made  its  first  shipment  of  4,566  tons,  whilst  many  other  explorations,  such 

IS  the  Garfield,  the    Hecla  and  the    Hancock  hehl  out  inducements  nujre  or  less  eiicour- 

iging.     The  individual  shipments  of  all  these  mines  are  given  elsewhere. 

For  a  time  the  gospel  was  preached  by  a  Cornish  miner,  in  the  dining  room  of  the 
i^hapin  boarding  house.  This  volunteer  evangelist  was  shortly  afterwards  kill(;d.  The 
irst  fatality  in  the  Chapin.  In  1884  the  hrst  lipiscopal  service  was  held  in  the  Hrcnvn 
street  school  house,  by  the  Rev.  IC.  J.  I'2ichbanin,  missionary  from  ICscanaba.  From 
[882  to  1884  the  Rev.  John  Ihown,  pastor  of  Ouinnesec,  supplietl  tin;  spiritual  needs  of 
the  Catholic  population,  who  was  in  turn  siicceeiled  by  Rev.  Mr.  Fanst,  who  securetl  by 
lis  exertion  the  property  upon  which  the  church  and  school  house  now  stand  and 
diich  former  was  opened  for  worship  during  the  year  named.  "To  the  labors  of  Father 
aust,"  writes  Pere  Bourion,  the  present  energetic  pastor,  ••the  catholics  of  Iron  Mcjun- 
fain  owe  their  existence  as  a  congregation."  In  1881  the  first  drug  store  was  opened 
here  John  Friederichs  brick  block  now  stands  with  Mr.  \\.  J.  Ingram  in  charge.  To 
ji\e  an  idea  of  the  rapid  development  of  the  ri'sources  of  the  place  under  the 
Vlenominee  Co.'s  regime,  the  300  men  who  were  at  hrst  upon  the  professional  list  of 
Drs.  Cameron  and  Crowell,  j)hysicians  to  the  Chapin  mine  in  iS8i,  had  in  i8yo 
Increased  in  numbers  to  3,400. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


IttlM    |25 
2.0 


l«0 


U   1^ 


6" 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporalion 


23  WiST  MAIN  STMET 

WfBSTM.N.Y.  MSM 

(716)877-4503 


QO 


Thk  Mknominkf.  Iron  Ranck. 


It  is  a  remarkable  fact  and  worthy  of  note  in  this  chronicle,  that  notwithstanding 
the  men  of  various  nationalities  engaj^ed  in  the  mines  throughout  the  range,  little 
apparent — friction  has  existed,  and  greatly  to  the  credit  of  all  concerned,  between 
employers  and  employed.  A  strike  which  at  one  time  threatened  serious  consequences 
occurred  however  once,  amongst  the  Chapin  and  Ludington  men  when  the  miners 
there  being  no  Saturday  night  shift,  work  being  quitted  at  6  i'.  m.,  and  the  management 
wanting  work  to  continue  till  ii  p.  m. — "went  out"  for  five  days.  One  hundred 
Pinkerton  constables  and  various  sheriffs  reached  the  scene,  and  remained  for  two  weeks, 
the  miners  having  threatened  to  stop  the  pumps,  and  let  the  mines  fill.  Armed  with 
Winchesters,  250  men  threatened  an  attack.  The  ringleaders  were  later  on  arrested 
and  sent  to  states  prison;  the  miners  returned  to  work;  Captain  Rundle  resigned; 
Captain  Oliver  took  his  place,  and  the  faithful  pine  trees  catching  up  the  remnants  and 
burden  of  the  episode,  purged  the  atmosphere  of  further  industrial  tempest. 


HvoRAUi.ic  Works  and  Air  Comi'ri:ssors — Mk.nominkk  River. 

In  the  old  days  what  is  now  Stephenson  avenue,  was  a  continuation  of  the  new  stale 
road,  the  trail  over  which  teams  hauled  and  sometimes  mired  on  their  way  to  Crystiil 
Falls  by  Badwater  and  Florence.  On  the  west  side  of  the  track  at  the  intersection  of 
Flesheim  street,  only  two  houses  broke  the  flank  of  the  forest,  and  from  foot  to  scarp  i)f 
hill  top  the  dark  trunks  of  the  pines  formed  a  black  battalion  of  whispering  sentinels. 
Wl  t  a  change  has  come  over  the  spirit  of  the  dream.  In  place  of  horse  and  windl.iss 
and  a  few  thousand  tons  of  ore  a  year,  with  steam  and  compressed  air  as  much  and  more 
has  been  taken  from  one  mine  in  a  week.  Up  to  1878,  4,593  tons  in  all  had  be.ii 
mined  in  the  Menominee  range.  On  the  31st  of  December,  i8yo,  4,780,775  tons  had 
been  produced  by  the  Iron  Mountain  mines  alone  :  Let  us  see  what  manner  of  a  town 
is  this  that  inherits  such  latent  resource. 

Iron    Mountain,  according   to   City   Engineer  Biirlingamc,  covers  an  area  of   2,i'>o 


ThkDMknominff.  Iron  Ranok.  gi 

u  Its.  It  lias  J2  miles  of  streets.  Laj)al)le  ot  beiny  driven  over,  ami  tour  miles  of  streets 
^railed  .is  level  as  a  ship's  deck.  The  width  of  these  streets  varies  from  60  to  80  feet. 
It  has  40.000  lineal  feet  of  sidewalks,  much  of  which  1  may  add  sadly  wants  renewing, 
hiis  four  miles  of  sewer  under  contract,  and  about  eight  miles  additional  will  be  laid 
111  \t  year.  It  has  a  water-works  system  valued  at  ^250,000,  it  has  an  electric  light 
(■(inipment,  a  telephone  exchange,  including  connection  with  Norway,  and  it  has  a  gas 
plant  in  course  of  construction.  Its  police  force  consists  of  a  marshall,  T.  \i.  Catlin, 
ami  eight  men.  The  fire  department  consists  of  a  brigade  of  ten  paid  firemen,  with  V. 
\V.  I'arker  as  chief.  The  men  have  their  quarters  in  the  fire  halls  on  Ludington  and 
Second  streets,  which  are  connected  by  electricity  with  27  alarm  boxes  distril)uted 
tlnoughout  the  citj',  making  one  of  the  most  perfect  systems  on  the  peninsula.  Both 
halls  have  a  Clapp  and  Jones  engine  and  3,000  feet  of  hose.  The  leading  insurance 
companies  in  the  country  carry  a  heavy  aggregate  of  safe  risks  in  Iron  Mountain. 

Under  the  custody  of  Mr.  (ieo.  V.  Seibert,  the  present  postmaster,  the  yearly  busi- 
ness based  upon  that  of  one  week,  shows  approximately  as  follows: — Letters  mailed 
31^6,500:  received,  341,585.  Papers  mailed,  31,587;  received,  40,470.  Money  orders 
issued,  57,920;  paid,  34,361.  Not  a  bad  showing  for  g,ooo  people,  of  whom  2,i2y  are 
lietween  the  ages  of  hve  and  of  twenty.  It  has  two  weekly  papers,  which  are  sought  for 
liy  both  Republican  and  Democrat.  The  one,  the  Iron  Raii^f,  published  and  edited  by 
Mr.  R.  W  Tuten,  who  has  controlled  its  destinies  since  January,  1884,  and  of  late  with 
Mr.  Smiley's  aid,  it  having  been  originally  established  by  Mr.  Swift  in  April,  1879;  the 
otlier,  the  Dickinson  County  Journal,  established  by  Berry  &  Larson,  i88(j,  but  leased  in 
1 888,  and  purchased  in  i88g,  by  Mr.  Herb.  Smith,  the  present  publisher  and  editor, 
under  whose  management  it  now  flourishes  as  a  semi-weekly.  The  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Co.'s  office,   in  charge  of  H.  A.  Mead,  handles  some  18,000  messages  a  year. 

The  city  is  divided  into  five  wards.  The  following  comprise  the  Board  of  Aldermen: 
Mayor,  F.  J.  Trudell;  First  Ward,  Oliver  Symons,  Charles  I'orrell;  Second  Ward, 
H.  Shields,  W.  H.  Sweet;  Third  Ward,  D.  A.  Ciraham,  Win.  Catlin;  Fourth  Ward, 
W.  H.  Hancock,  E.  F.  Brown:  Fifth  Ward,  A.  Hunting,  L.  Tebo;  Treasurer  Oliver 
Kvans;  City  Clerk,  John  J.  Saving;  Dr.  E.  Myers,  Health  Officer.  Appended  is  a  state- 
ment furnished  by  the  several  Supervisors,  showing  the  ward  assessments : 

I'KKSONAI.   rKOl'KKTY.  REAI.   KsTATE.  AcRKS. 

First  Ward,     H.  McNaim'hton.   Supervisor $7.a.Sr)            $       89,906  ;{2() 

Second"         \V.  Trestrai!                    "           19,991,'                l,o:{."),7()0  +S() 

"  Lutni)ernian's  Milling  Co.'s  ist  .\dilition.  1(>,(>70  K) 

Kimberly's  3d  Addition 2,02+  20 

Third     "         M    Drapeau,   Supervisor 8,510  Il7,;i50  200 

l-ourth   "         M.Carey,                 "         7"), 049  2;{4,8r)4.  072 

Fifth       "         W.  Kimberly,           "          .H08  05, 338  1,829 

Of  the  Realty  in  Ward  Two,  the  Chapin  Co.  is  assessed  on  S8oo,ooo,  Lumberman's 
Mining  Co.  $150,000,  and  Hamilton  Ore  Co.  58o,ooo.  In  Ward  Four  the  Walpole 
Mining  Co.  is  assessed  S800,  the  Peewabic  Mining  Co.  $32,000,  and  the  Millie  Mine 
S.J4,ooo.  In  i8(jo  the  revenue  from  all  sources  amounted  to  $60,627,  exclusive  of  school 
lax  of  $20,000.  The  expenditures  on  account  of  fire  protection  was  $7,000;  police, 
Sj.ooo;  water  service,  $9,000;  electric  lighting,  $4,000.  The  only  debentures  issued  are 
"u  account  '^f  street  improvements,  and  amount  to  but  $10,000,     Three  Justices  of  the 


92 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


Peace  administer  local  jutlf^nuMits,  the  calendar  ot  offences  is  light,  and  the  crimes  of  n 
trivial  nature.  I'ifty  per  cent,  of  the  cases  are  tried  before  Justice  Bergeron,  Squires 
Bray  and  Freidrichs  adjudicating  upon  the  rest. 

There  are  three  schools  presided  over  hy  Mr.  IC.  F.  Abernethy,  Superintendent, 
whose  system  and  success  is  of  an  admittedly  superior  order.  The  registers  show  7J2 
boys  and  657  girls,  1,379  out  of  a  total,  but  practically  impossible  number  of  legally 
possible  attendants,  numbering  2,129.  Besides  the  Principal  it  takes  a  staff  of  25  lady 
teachers  to  advance  the  ideas  of  young  and  ambitious  Iron  Mountaineers.  There  is  a 
school  library  of  1,100  volumes.  There  are  three  school  houses  and  a  new  high  school 
now  in  course  ot  construction,  the  handsome  plans  for  which  were  designed  by  Mr.  I". 
W.  Clancy,  whose  professional  reputation  is  more  than  local.  The  etching  of  it  which 
appears  on  another  page,  will  explain  the  fact  that  it  will  cost  $35,400,  and  will  be,  when 
completed,  perhaps  the   finest   north  of   Milwaukee.      It   is  constructed  entirely  of  blue 


and  red  granite  from 
of  thcAmberg  Granite 
cousin,  the  same  firm 
It  is  admitted  by  re- 
to  be  as  perfect  a 
size  as  regards  struc- 
and  ecjuipment  as  any 
west. 

cation  at  present  con 
Wright,  President,  J. 
tary,  H.  McLaughlin, 
Woodbury,  E.  E. 
Trudell.  Another 
on  East  Ludington 
red  sandstone  block 
It  has  a  frontage  (but 


Iron   MotrNTAiN   Hk.ii  Sciiooi.. 
Hi  ii.i'  OF  Amhkkg  Granite. 


the  famous  quarries 
Co.,  of  Aniberg,  Wis- 
being  the  contractors, 
cognized  authorities, 
school  house  for  its 
ture,  internal  design 
in  the  entire  north- 
The  Board  of  Edu 
sists  of  Messrs.  A.  I'. 
M.  Clifford,  Secre- 
J.  H.  McLean,  F.  E. 
Brewster  and  Mayor 
edifice  just  completed 
street,  is  the  native 
of  Mr.  John  R.  Wood. 
if  you  wish  to  see  it 


to  advantage  step  across  the  street  into  the  "Bessemer,"  run  by  Sol.  Noble  and 
view  it  through  the  mellow  enchantment  of  a  liqueur  glass)  it  has  a  frontage  of  131  feet, 
and  is  a  monument  to  the  rugged  beauty  of  Iron  Mountain  rock,  the  architect's  taste, 
and  Mr.  Wood's  perspicacity.  It  cost  over  $20,000.  On  this  same  street,  only  just 
west  of  Stephenson  avenue,  is  the  new  I'isher  Block,  built  by  our  friend  from  Floreuie 
of  that  ilk,  and  Messrs.  Oliver  Evans  and  Ed.  Ingram.  It  has  a  frontage  of  60  feet  and 
is  constructed  of  Milwaukee  white  brick  by  Contractor  Leinicu.x,  from  plans  furnished 
by  this  same  Architect  Clancy,  who  is  leaving  stable  legacies  of  his  skill  in  every  town 
on  the  range.      The  Fisher  Block  cost  over  $18,000. 

There  are  some  fifty  merchants  engaged  in  trade  of  various  kinds.  Last  year  the 
monthi}'  pay-rolls  amounted  to  $200,000.  Seventy-five  per  cent,  of  this  is  expendi  d 
amongst  the  store  keepers.  I  would  here  mention  that  the  new  county  of  Dickinson 
consists  of  portions  of  the  old  counties  of  Menominee,  Iron  and  Marquette,  whose  joint 
valuation,  as  fixed  by  the  State  Board  of  Equalization  amo  uits  to  $41,000,000.  Benev- 
olent and  other  societies  flourish;  there  lieing  lodges  supported  by  the  Masonic,  Knigliis 
of  Pythias,    Odd   Fellows  and  Temperance  organizations,    besides    Italian,    French   and 


Thk   Mknominkk   Iron   Rance. 


93 


uperintendent, 
isters  show  "] ii 
liber  of    legally 
;taff   of  25  lady 
rs.     There  is  a 
e\v  high  school 
;necl  by  Mr.  1". 
ing  of  it  which 
d  will  be,  wlun 
jiitirely  of  blue 
moiis    quarries 
[  Amberg,  Wis- 
the  contractors, 
ed   authorities, 
house   for  its 
internal   desijiii 
!    entire    north 
Board  of  Edii 
Messrs.  A.  1". 
lifford,     Secri'- 
McLean,  F.  1^, 
ter   and   Mayor 
just  completed 
is    the   native 
John  R.  Wood, 
wish  to  see  it 
ol.    Noble    and 
ge  of  131  feet, 
chitect's  taste, 
reet,  only   just 
from  Florence 
of  60  feet  and 
5lans  furnishi  (1 
in  every  town 


|.ii^;lish  national  orders.  The  Sons  of  St.  Cieorge  liavt;  seventeen  lodges  in  Michigan 
with  a  niembership  of  2,200,  the  Lord  Nelson  Lodge  of  Iron  Mountain  alone  has  2bJ 
iiu'inbers,  William  I'itt  of  Norway,  Ai},  members,  and  the  ICarl  of  Beaconsfield  at  Crys- 
m1  I'alls,  314  members.  VV.  Catlin  of  Iron  Mountain  is  State  Grand  Secretary.  The 
St.  Jean  Baptiste  and  Cristoforo  Colombo  Societies  are  also  well  represented  in  all  the 
towns  of  the  range.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  cluirch  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity. 
WIS  built  by  funds  raise'l  through  the  indefatigable  exertions  of  Mr.  John  James  of 
|anies  and  Croll,  laic  of  the  Chapin  Mining  Co..  and  Mr.  C.  W.  Kenned)  late  of  the 
Millie  Mining  Co.  It  was  erected  on  H.  street  at  a  cost-  everything  included-  of 
54,800,  and  was  opened  Faster  Sunday  iSijo.  The  Rev.  W.  Ball  Wright,  Rector  oi 
Menominee,  is  the  visiting  missionary  in  charge,  Messrs  John  James,  Dunbar  Scott, 
Lay  Readers,  Mr.  H.  De  Vere,  chinch  warden,  and  Mr.  Geo.  Buzzo,  organist.  The  Rev. 
1".  F.  Davis  D.  I).,  of  Detroit,  is  J^ishop  of  the  diocese.  There  are  two  Methodist 
churches.  The  first  in  charge  of  Rev.  S.  R.  Williams,  stands  at  the  corner  of  Fourth 
and  Chapin  streets  and  has  an  average  congregation  of  400;  the  other,  the  Central  M. 
!•"..  church.  Pastor  Rev.  J.  M.  Shank,  is  on  B.  street.  The  Presbyterian  church  organ- 
ized liy  the  Rev.  Melvin  Frazer  in  1M84  with  fifteen  members,  has  now  over  100  mem- 
i)ers.  There  are  three  Swedish  churches,  Lutheran,  Mission  and  Methodist,  in  charge 
rc^spectively  of  the  Rev. 's  W.  Petterson,  A.  Mellander  and  P.  Munson.  From  this 
siiowing  it  will  be  seen  that  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  residents  of  the  range  towns  is 
well  cared  for. 

Three  lines  of  railway,  the  Escanaba  &  Iron  Mountain,  the  Chicago  Si  North- 
western, and  the  Milwaukee  cV:  Northern,  all  have  large  interests  centerecl  in  the  city. 
The  latter  road  connects  at  Champion  with  the  Diiluth  i.*v:  South  Shore,  and  the  former 
road  connects  the  other  side  of  Norway  with  the  Sault  St.  Marie  &  St.  Paul,  at 
llermansville  Junction.  On  the  line  of  the  hustling  and  popular  Chicago  &  North- 
western, twelve  hours  from  Chicago,  six  passenger  trains  arrive  and  depart  daily. 
Independent  of  the  ore  trains  whose  advent  and  exit,  is  uninterupted,  three  "freights" 
reach  the  town  daily,  one  from  Ft.  Howard  for  Ircjii  Mountain  and  one  for  Crystal  Falls, 
and  one  from  Powers  for  Watersmeet,  all  returning  the  same  day,  and  keeping  Mr.  Stiles 
the  agent,  forever  on  the  alert.  On  the  Milwaukee  &.  Northern  four  passenger  trains 
arrive  and  depart  daily. 

The  water  plant  which  is  operated  by  an  Ypsilanti  private  company — as  an  invest- 
ment—  with  F.  A.  Todd  President  and  Ed.  .\.  Ordway  resident  Superintendent,  obtains 
its  supply  from  beautiful  Lake  Antoine  at  the  north  east  end  of  the  city,  on  Aragon 
street.  It  has  a  pumping  capacity  of  4,cjoo,o(jo  gallons  daily,  it  has  thirteen  miles  of 
pipes,  and  at  the  furthest  hydrant  two  miles  distant  has  a  pressure  of  ninety  pounds  to 
the  scjuare  inch.  The  reservoir  is  a  brick  tank  on  Pine  Mountain,  and  which  kept 
tilled  with  6oo,ocjo  gallons,  will  with  its  own  pressure  throw  ten  streams  100  feet  high, 
and  last  for  twelve  hours.  This  Lake  Antoine,  to  which  the  projected  electric  street 
'ail way  will  run,  is  a  most  enchanting  spot,  and  the  summer  resort  for  hundreds  of 
.iquatic  citizens,  seeking  boating,  bathing  or  fishing. 

Like  Norway,  Iron  Mountain  has  made  provision  for  its  sick.  Besides  the  Hos- 
pital at  the  Chapin  mine,  Drs.  Cameron  and  Crowell  in  1889  established  St.  George's 
licspital — built,   ecjuipped   and   sustained   by  them.      It   is  provided  with    fifteen  beds. 


'J4 


Thk  Mf.nominee  Iron  Range. 


ami  accoiiniiodalioii  for  iiiiiscs.  It  t-xacls  tlir  gratitiule  of  an  apprecialivt;  piil)li 
i<i-li,-vant  to  tills,  I  ma)' statt;  tliat  every  miner  in  every  mining  town  pays  4(1  cen:^ 
or  50  cents  montlily  into  a  mutual  benevolent  fund,  from  wliicli  he  receives  in  case  •'{ 
accident,  S20  a  month  for  a  year  or  less,  ami  a  lump  sum  in  case  of  permanent 
disability.  There  is  also  a  life  insurance  organization  in  connection  with  each  of  the 
various  national  societies. 

Now  I  think  yon  know  the  "Pay  Roll"  citj'  and  its  rival  sister  Norway,  as  well  is 
1  do.  They  are  both  ecjually  ambitions,  and  peopled  with  the  same  relative  iiroporticn 
of  enterprising  and  prosperous  citizens.  They  both  claim  a  champion  wrestler.  Jai  k 
King  the  hero  of  American  heavy-weights,  and  "Nipper"  Wills  the  light-weiglu 
nonpareil.  Norway,  however,  holds  the  hundred  yard  medal,  George  Wright  haviiii; 
vancpiished  ICastern  "  peds  "  with  established  records,  within  the  ten  second  class.  In 
matters  more  elevating,  those  things  whicli  tend  to  exalt  the  social  status  and  promote 
the  amenities  of  life,  these  towns  run  a  neck  and  neck  race  anyway  at  the  (piarter  stretch. 
Some  one  other  than  myself  will  render  verdict  at  the  fmish.  In  the  matter  of  hotels, 
the  Commercial  and  the  I'elch,  both  with  e.xcellent  accommodations,  supply  tlif 
properly  eqnippeil  caravansary  want  of  the  range  sight  seer.  The  points  of  interest  in 
the  city  other  than  those  forever  offered  by  the  magnetic  turmoil  of  the  mines,  consist 
chielly  in  the  unrivalled  picturesqueness  of  the  suburban  drives  which  constitute 
a  paraphrase  of  all  northwestern  paradises.  The  view  from  the  peak  of  Fine 
Mountain  is  distinctly  original.  Nearly  three  hundre<i  feet  below  you  a  sea  of  arborescent 
green  rolls  its  billowy  outline  and  breaks  a  surf  of  scattered  forest  at  the  base  of  the 
mountain.  At  this  season  of  the  year  the  terraced  and  rolling  bosom  of  these  lowlands 
— genmied  with  steel  embossed  lakes,  terra  cotta  colored  trails,  and  streams  which  hue 
the  land  with  argent  braids — eats  its  way  into  the  heart  of  startling  autumn  sunsets, 
painted  by  the  heavenly  Master  of  all  dioramic  art. 

A  study  of  the  table  showing  comparative  prices  of  Real  Estate  of  range  towns,  witli 
towns  similarly  conditioned  elsewhere,  which  appears  at  the  end  of  the  history  of  Norway, 
will  satisfy  the  man  who  purchases  Realty  as   an  investment,  that  the  opportunities  pre 
sented  by  Iron  Mountain  in  this  particular,  are  exceptionally  superior.     Outside  of  avail 
able   business  sites  in  the   mid  city — few,  if  any  of   which  at   the   present  time   are  upon 
the  market,  there  are  various   "additions"  which  have  been   tacked   onto  the  original 
"location,"  which  are   rapitlly  filling  up  with  handsome  residences  of  brick  and  stone. 
In  evidence  of  the  patent  probabilities  of   its  future,  Mr.  Geilfuss,  of  the  Commercial 
Bank  of   Milwaukee — probably  remembering   that  25   years  ago  Milwaukee  was  smalh  1 
than    Iron  Mountain  of  to-day^ — recently  purchased   the  whole  of  the  beautiful  Lawn 
dale  property,   lying   between   the   Kimbcrly  and  Armstrong  additions.      Many  of  the 
most  prominent  business   men  handle  real  estate,  as  the  Trade  Directories  which  follow 
the   descriptions  of   each  town  demonstrate,  and  reference  to  whom  for  reliable  informa 
tion    can   be   made  with  complete   confidence.      I    might   add  that  the   professional  ami 
business  men  whose  annoimcements  also  appear,  are  literally  and  practically  the  leadini; 
representatives  of  their  various  callings  in  their  own  range  town,  and  to  whom  correspond 
ence  may  be  addresseil  with  complete  assurance  of  reliable  and  legitimate  co-operation; 
a   perusal   of   whose   advertisements  will  give  the  man  who  may  contemplate  embarkin.; 
in  business,  a  correct  idea  of  the  branches  of  trade  whose  field  yet  remains  unoccupieil. 


Tmk  Mk.nominke  Ik(^\   RwoE. 


05 


ialive  publi'  . 
pays  4(1  cuiii^ 
ives  in  casi-  t 
of  jiermanciii 
til  each  of   the 

vay,  as  well  is 
ive  proportii'ii 
wrestler.  Ja(  k 
•2  lifiht-weiylit 
Vright  haviiiu 
Olid  class.  Ill 
s  and  pronioio 
uarter  stretch, 
itter  of  hotels, 
s,  supply  the 
i  of  interest  in 
mines,  consist 
ich  constituii 
peak  of  Pine 
of  arborescenl 
he  base  of  the 
these  lowlands 
inis  which  hut 
itumn  sunsets, 

ge  towns,  with 
ry  of  Norwax , 
ortunities  pre 
tside  of  avail 
ime   are  upon 
o  the  original 
ick  and  stoni . 
e   Commercial 
e  was  sniallt  1 
autiful  Lawn 
Many  of   the 
I  which  follow 
able  informa 
ofessional  ami 
ly  the  leadiii:; 
m  correspond 
co-operation; 
ate  embark  ill-; 
s  unoccupied. 


TIr-  if(i;iitl\  appointed  oIIjclts  tor  Dukiiison  (.  Oinitx  wiiit  owe  tlieir  pr«'hi  nitiil  to 
r,,,\.  Winan,  are  as  follows:  S/wiilt,  I'atriik  O'Coiincll.  A't\i^^ts/,>  c/  /)ff,/s.  Hugh 
McLaughlin:  CYfri;  John  I'riedrich:  T/;;i\//rfr,  A.  \\  Wright:  Pf,iMYu/t\t;  A/tornry, 
A.  C.  Cook:  Commissioner  oj  Scliooh,  \\.  \..  I'arnu-nter:  Coroner.  David  Bergeron,  all  of 
liMi  Mountain:  Surveyor,  John  L.  Itneii,  of  (hiinnesec:  JiiJs;e  of  I'ro/uite,  Patrick 
I'lannigan:  Court  Commissioner,  iJoii  Cameron,  and  Coroner,  .Alex.  I'atenaude  of  Norway. 
lit  lice,  even  in  the  appointment  of  their  county  administration,  they  strive  to  preserve 
a  comparative  equality.  Few  of  the  residents  now  prominent  in  protessions  or  in 
i)iisiiu'ss  in  any  of  the  range  towns,  hut  are  past  masters  in  the  art  of  exploring,  or 
practical  mining.  These  lovely  stock  piles  of  wealth  producing  hematite,  blue  as  a 
iiitnch  of  Concord  grapes,  recognize  in  almost  every  citizen  as  he  passes  an  analyser  of 
;li<ir  mirketable  worth,  and   are  ever   on   the   alert   to  listen    to  the  stock  phrase  of   the 


mettaliferous  enthusiast,  when  his — "Yes,  Sirl  mark  my  words,  it  will  not  be  many 
vears  before  you  will  be  able  to  drive  to  Norway  underground,"  reaches  them  from  the 
sidewalk;   and  the  prophecy  is  a  most  reasonable  one. 

At  present  the  industrial  development  of  the  towns  of  the  range  are  in  their  infancy. 
I  have  recited  those  of  Norway,  let  me  schedule  those  of  Iron  Mountain. 

Mr.  Parmenter,  of  the  firm  of  Ira  Carley  &  Co.,  who  have  their  saw  mills  at  Ingalls 
on  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  owns  the  City  Lumber  Yard,  and  handles  a  large  proportion  of 
the  cut  for  the  local  trade.  The  mills  on  the  Little  Cedar  river  have  a  yearly  output  of 
S, 000,000  feet  of  lumber  and  20,000,000  shingles,  and  employ  75  hands.  The  business 
of  the  firm  is  so  increasing  as  to  necessitate  the  erection  of  another  mill  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Sturgeon  b}  the  Chicago  is.  N.  VV.  Ky,  east  of  X'ulran,  where  the  water-power 
having  been  secured,  a  dam  has  been  constructed.  Two  other  lumber  yards  are  located 
in  the  town,  that  of  the  Sagola  Co.,  and  of  the  Iron  Mountain  Co.  The  Peninsula  Powder 
('o.  have  a  factory,  three  and  one-half  miles  from  the  city,  in  the  township  of  Breitung, 


96 


Thk  Menominke  Iron   Range. 


and  finploy  a  dozen  or  more  men.  Tin-  Wright  Hros. .  who  have  hranch  cstablishmunis 
at  Marintttc  aii(l  Amhern,  Wis,  and  at  (Jninncsof,  besides  th«;ir  general  store  hnsines- . 
produced  last  year  500,000  railroad  ties  and  1,000,000  fence  posts.  Tlie  Upper  Michigiin 
13revving  Co.,  of  which  Lee  Fordyce  is  resident  manager,  wliose  completely  etpiippe  I 
establishment  with  a  capacity  of  350  barrels  weekly,  was  opened  this  snmmer,  suppi, 
their  (piota  of  the  400  barrels  of  the  estimated  daily  consumption  of  the  range,  anil  with 
their  spring  water  product,  are  fast  driving  out  Milwaukee  competition;  i)Ut  these  feu 
instances  exhaust  the  industrial  calendar.  At  the  Twin  Falls  an  Electric  i'ower  I'laiii 
is  in  contemplation,  which  could  of  course  be  utilize<l  in  every  conceivable  class  dl 
industry,  and  supply  the  motor  for  the  IClectric  Street  Railway  which  will  shortly  nm 
between  Crystal  Lake  and  Lake  Antoine.  Ivvery  range  town  is  singularly  fitted  by 
natural  resource  for  the  establishment  of  factories  of  every  kind,  but  strange  to  sa\ , 
capital  has  been  slow  to  embrace  the  opportunities.  On  one  ground  alone  can  this  be 
accounted  for,  viz:  by  complete  ignorance  of  the  advantages  presented.  I  have  writti  n 
at  length  on  the  actual  and  tangible  sources  of  wealth   with   which    it  has  been  lavishh 


endowed,  let  me 
make  plain  how 
can  be  converted 
ference  —  at  the 
the  base  of  raw 
perfected  article  of 
I  find  on  search- 
the  American  Iron 
tion  for  1890,  pre- 
Swank,  that  the 
emer  steel  rails  for 
net  tons  as  against 
1MS9,  or  an  increase 


The  Fisher  Block. 


now     endeavor     to 
these  native  staples 
by  industrial  inter 
verj'  fountain  head, 
supply — into    the 
commerce, 
ing    the    report    ot 
and  Steel   Associa- 
pared  by  Mr.  J.  M. 
production  of  Bess 
1890  was  2,o9I,97^ 
1,691,264    tons    in 
of  23  per  cent.,  and 


from  another  source  I  find  that  the  increase  over  the  production  of  1880,  which  wis 
some  700,000  tons  was  290  per  cent.  1  also  find  upon  reference  to  Poors'  Railway 
Manual  that  5,756  miles  of  railway  were  built  in  1889,  and  6,344  '"  1^90-  I  ^Iso  find 
elsewhere  that  in  18904,131,535  tons  of  Bessemer  steel  ingots,  3,834,816  tons  of  cut 
steel  nails,  an<l  3,135,911  tons  of  wire  nails,  besides  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons  ot 
other  manufactured  iron  which  helped  to  account  for  the  10,000,000  tons  of  pig,  was  all 
produced  during  the  last  calendar  year  in  the  United  States.  I  also  find,  however, 
upon  reference  to  other  trade  retun  s,  that  not  one  solitary  pound  of  this  metal  wa^ 
manufactured  on  the  Menominee  Iic'i  Range,  though  she  contributed  about  one-eightl: 
of  the  entire  raw  supply!  This  fact  seems  incomprehensible.  The  trade  question  ot 
the  cost  of  the  assembling  of  material  is  directly  effected  by  this  extraordinary  state  ol 
things.  Bear  with  me  whilst  I  attempt  to  sift  these  materials  and  endeavor  to  assembli 
the  true  trade  facts. 

The  prime  factor  which   tends  to   concentrate  commerce   and  develop   industries  is 
cheap    transportation.       Economy   in    freights    all    other    conditions   being   half   equal, 
absolutely  controls  trade.      Freight   the  world  over,  averages  about   $\o  for  every  $501 
worth  of   merchandise  carried.      The  imports  of  all  nations  during  20   years  previous  t( 


Tiir  Mfv(»mi\f,f:   Iron   RANfiK. 


97 


In  world's  c(Misus  (if  ihSo,  ainoimtiMl  t(i  \>  per  ( cut.  intnf  tlian  llic  fx|>tirls;  wliitli 
piDvcs  the  statement.  The  cost,  however,  of  freight  on  or*'  from  point  of  prodnction 
M  tli(;  Menominee  to  eastiirn  fnrnac  es,  is  from  two-fifths  to  three-cpiarters  of  its  va!iie  at 
ih(,'  mine's  moiitli.  Tlier<!  are  no  discriminating,'  frei^;ht  rales,  lient c  lh«;  transportation 
,  i>st  of  lower  kT'^Il'  ores  wo\dil  reacli  in  some  (  ases  the  tt)tal  of  tlieir  value  at  tin-  pit, 
wliicli  of  course  under  present  conditions,  bars  tliem  from  a  market.  The  richest  <tre 
,  irries  with  it  at  least  30  per  cent,  of  waste;  the  poorest  at  most  55  per  tent.  Many  of 
ihc  soft  or«.'s  also  carry  about  12  per  (t-nt.  of  water.  This  ore  converted  into  rails  and 
Ml  her  perfected  articles  of  trade,  returns  to  the  producers  section  of  ttirritory  in  tin; 
Northwest,  after  bearing  two  freiylits,  one-third  at  least  of  wiiich  is  upon  unprofitable 
iii.iKrial.  Sur«'ly  the  manufacturers  have  been  drtsuning.  How«'ver,  it  is  not  yet  too 
lite  to  assemble  a  portion  of  all  tlnrse  raw  m.iterials  in  the  valley  of  the  Menominee. 
rii(!  whole  (juestion  resolves  itself  into  one  al  cost  of  transportation,  let  us  then  analyze 
this  subject  of  freights. 

in  order  to  demonstrate  the  feasibility  and  the  proht  that  should  accrue  from  the 
manufacture  of  Bessemer  sttu.'l  in  the  Menominee,  I  will  proceed,  with  your  permission, 
lo  at  once  locate,  on  paper,  tiies*;  projected  works.  Any  point  on  the  range  will  answer; 
but  as  I  cannot  undertake  to  tabulate  a  statement  of  tfie  slightly  varying  freight  rates 
tioMi  each  locality,  I  will  accept  Iron  Mountain  as  an  exami)le,  and  in  submitting  the 
appended  statement  of  cost  of  freight,  would  merely  add  that  the  additional  local  rate 
horn  any  point  in  the  district  has  merely  to  be  added  to  or — in  the  case  of  Norway- 
deducted  from  the  amounts  as  charged  against  Iron  Mountain,  to  make  the  statement 
applicable  to  every  town  on  the  range.  In  order  to  carry  out  tlu'  scheme  as  projected 
ill  its  entirety,  1  would  premise  that  steel  works  would  also  have  to  be  established  at 
Connellsville,  Pa.,  the  hub  of  coke-dom,  in  order  that  a  profitable  ecjualization  of  freights 
lo  and  from  the  coke  and  ore  fields,  might  be  maintained.  The  steel  works  with  a 
capacity  of  1,000  tons  a  day,  which  would  be  erected  at  Iron  Mountain,  would  riMpiire, 
say  1. 000  tons  of  coke  per  day,  and  500  tons  of  coal  for  soaking  pits.  At  the  eastern 
end  of  this  industrial  larriat,  at  Connellsville,  Ha.,  steel  works  should  also  be  erected 
with  a  capacity  of  say  750  tons,  retpiiring  1,500  tons  of  ore  to  balance  freight-  that  is, 
lo  ecjualize  the  1,500  joint  tons  of  coke  and  coal  daily  required  at  Iron  Mountain  and 
shipped  from  the  East.-  This  is  interesting  and  I  want  you  to  follow  me. — To  convey 
these  freights  so  largely  differing  in  bulk,  suitable  cars  would  have  to  be  constructed  to 
carry  the  ore  one  way  and  the  coke  the  other.  The  tram  cars  frcnn  tlu;  mine  would 
dump  into  the  empty  coke  cars,  and  the  coke  ovens  would  unload  into  the  empty  ore 
cars  at  Connellsville.  Hence  there  would  be  no  empty  cars  to  haul  either  way  as  at 
present.  Of  the  5,000  odd  ore  cars  last  year  in  use  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railway,  and  which  loaded  once  only  would  carry  over  70,000  tons  of  ore  Michigan 
ores  appro.ximate  about  14  cubic  feet  per  ton  -and  which  to  the  lake  port  of  Kscanaba 
alone  conveyed  3,756,000  tons  of  ore,  returned  to  the  mines  empty,  save  for  the  relatively 
paltry  150,000  tons  of  coal  brought  range  wards.  At  present  the  ore  cars  run  empty  from 
Pittsburgh  to  Cleveland;  the  vessels  run  empty  from  Cleveland  to  Escanaba,  and  empty 
cars  are  again  in  order  between  Escanaba  and  Iron  Mountain.  Under  existing  circum- 
stances a  ton  of  rails  in  the  Menominee  bears  M/-<'^  freights,  viz..  two  tons  of  ore  to 
Pittsburgh,  and  one  ton   of  rails   back   to   the   Northwest.      With  steel   works   at    Iron 


98 


TiiK  Mknominkk  Ikon  Rance. 


Mountain  an  additional  yearly  rctnrn  frei^;ht  would  be  estaMished  of  close  iii 
500, ()(K)  tons. 

With  the  easily  smelted  ores  of  the  Nh^noniinee,  there  is  no  question—  as  I  .im 
informed  hy  resilient  experts  but  that  out  ton  of  coke  -2,240  ll^s.  —will  make  one  ton  ui 
steel  rails,  using  the  direct  process  from  furnace,  with  soaking  pits.  Hy  the  cruilc 
processes  formerly  in  vogue,  it  tooky^r  tons  of  fuel  to  make  one  ton  of  iron  rails.  Il.ilt 
a  ton  of  coal  is  allotted,  as  shown  in  table  of  freights,  in  the  consideration  of  this 
scheme,  one  salient  fact  must  be  borne  in  mind,  vi/.:  that  the  first  cost  of  material  is 
the  same  whether  used  in  Iron  Mountain,  Chicago  or  Pittsburgh.  The  e.xpense  ol 
making  rails  depends  upon  the  cost  0/  /rii):;/it  entirely.  To  carry  out  the  idea  complel(  ly 
all  kinds  of  finished  steel,  nails,  etc.,  would  have  to  be  manufactured. 

The  next  consideration  is  the  market  for  the  product.  I  have  already  shown 
that  there  is  a  po|)ulation  of  eight  or  ten  millions  of  people  to  the  north  and  west  of  us, 
consuming  to-day  over  300  pounds  of  iron  per  cajMit  annually.  And  the  true;  centre  df 
population  is  gradually  creeping  northwestward,  as  the  census  proves.  Locally  uc 
have  three  railroads,  themselves    penetrat 

the  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^IIJI^I^^^I 

of   October  ^B^^^I^^^^^^8HI^^^^^^^I 

railway  track      ^f^^^^^BB^KK^KK^K^B^^^^ 

R^^^^^^^Hfl9^^^^^^Hy^^^^|H     since  January.      With 

competing  and      ^^^^^^^^KaJsWHI^^H  ^^^^HS     consequently 

duct  of  Iron  Mountain      ^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^I 

open  up      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H  ton 

shipped  it  would  have  a    freight    advantage 

„,  .  ...  I'uMFs,  Thirtkenth  Level — Hamilton' Mine.         „  ,,      .,,  ,  , 

over  Chicago,   whilst  "  Connellsville     would 

be  on  even  terms  with   Pittsburgh  as  regards  the  sale  of  its    product. 

As  regards  the  supply  of  flux,  the  hanging  walls  of  the  mines  here  are  of  magnesium 
limestone,  equal  to  that  used  in  Chicago.  The  out-crop  is  large  and  could  be  readily 
trammed  into  the  furnace.  Of  this  limestone  I  append  an  analysis;  Carbonate  nf 
Magnesia  30  per  cent.,  Silica  3  per  cent.,  Iron  and  Alumina  2.50  per  cent.,  Carbonate 
of  Lime  641.50  per  cent. 

As  regards  the  supply  of  iron  ore,  if  not  already  satisfied  on  this  point,  let  nie 
clinch  previous  assertions.  The  great  Chapin  vein,  of  which  the  Hamilton  and  Ltnl 
ington  are  a  part,  will  not  be  mined  out  this  generation.  There  is  now  proven  up  ovii 
30,000,000  tons  of  ore  with  no  sign  of  abating  either  in  quality  or  (juantity,  at  the  deptli 
of  1,300  feet,  as  demonstrated  by  the  vein  in  the  bottom  of  the  Hamilton  mine.  Twelve 
months  since  the  Ludington  had  50,000  tons  in  sight,  to-day,  according  to  Superintendent 
Banks,  they  have  650,000  tons  visible  and  awaiting  the  rock  drill  and  the  explosive. 
And  here  let  me  remind,  or  inform  the  economist,  that  a  marvellous  co-adjutor,  e(]ual  to 
either  dynamite  or  Rand  drill,  stands  at  the  elbow  of  the  Menominee  manufacturer  for- 
ever offering   its  eternal  co-operation.     The  water  powers  that  surround  these  huge 


TiiK  Mknomink.k   Iron   Ranok. 


99 


3d   of    close 


'in 


lestion — as  I  ;iin 
niaku  one  ton  nf 
Hy  the  crmlc 
ion  rails.  Hiilf 
ileration  of  this 
St  of  material  k 
Die  expense  di 
idea  completely 

already    shown    i 
1  and  west  of  lis, 
lie  true  centre  df 
es.      Ivocally  we 
selves    peuetrat 
connecting   witii 
ing    their  indiis 
regions  awaitini^ 
n.     Up  to  the  isi 
I  miles  of  addit 
)een  added  to  tlif 

January.     Witii 

quently    lower 
et  for  all  the  pro 
works    would 

or  every  ton  so    vr|j 
ght    advantage 

ellsville      would 

e  of  magnesium 
could  be  readily 
Carbonate  nf 
ent.,  Carbonate 

point,  let  nie 
nilton  and  Lud 
proven  up  ovi  i 
ty,  at  the  depth 
mine.  Twelve 
Superintendei.t 

the  explosive 
jdjutor,  ecpial  ti 

nufacturer  for 
nd  these  huge 


iiiliietal  deposits  seem  to  have  been  espei  ially  located  hy  the  (Ircat  Master  of  all  to 
--ist  man  in  his  local  efforts  to  perfect  the  finished  article  Irom  the  cnuh!  iron  stone. 
W  ithin  a  radius  of  three  ami  one  (juarter  niiles  are  four  cataracts  whose  joint  powi-r 
,  s,  (((Is  that  of  7,500  horses,  viz:  Tin;  llpp«'r  Twin  l-'alls  600,  the  Lower  Twin  I'alls 
,1.1,  the  Horse  Uace  1,201),  the  Upper  ( )iiiiini'sec  4,^00;  whilst  within  five  and  a  cpiarter 
iiiiles  are  the  Lower  Ouiiinesec,  of  7,200  horse  power.  The  steel  works  whose  plan  of 
,,|icnition  I  have  sketched,  would  thus  have  the  advantage  of  obtaining  the  air  direct 
11,111  the  convertors  without  the  heavy  compressor  usually  driven  by  steam,  and  the 
hvdraulic  crane  could  be  worked  without  steam,  as  could  the  blowers  for  the  furnaces, 
engines  for  rolls,  and  indeed  all  the  motive  power,  leaving  the  gases  generally  iisi'd  for 
.;(iieratiiig  the  steam  to  be  applied  for  hot  blasts,  heating  blowers  and  soaking  j)its. 

Other  ail  vantages  are  manifest,  there  would  be  no  stocking  of  the  ore  used,  during 
winter  months,  and  hence  no  cost  of  removal  during  tlii' summer,  and  the  interest  on 
ilic  stock  of  ore  now  carried  to  Cleveland,  during  the  last  days  of  navigation  indirectly 
imid  bv  the  steel-works— would  be  saved.  The  freight  rates  as  given  in  the  accompany 
iiig  table  are  of  course  but  approximate,  but  comparison  with  rising  or  falling  rates  will 
sliow  the  sauH!  relative  percentage  of  difference. 

.Accepting  these  figures  then  as  a  proper  bast;  upon  which  to  pursue  the  calculation 
til  its  legitimate  conclusion,  I  hnd  that  when  eastern  furnaces  and  steel  works  would  hv. 
|iist  about  holding  their  own,  works  at  Iron  Mountain  would  be  making  Sj. 74  per  ton, 
iiiul  that  when  Chicago  manufacturers  would  l>e  merely  paying  their  way,  the  iron 
Mountain  steel-works  should  be  clearing  S2.27  per  ton,  representing  a  snug  and  very 
material  sum  of  industrial  proht  per  diem. 

Who  will  come,  and  by  practically  experimenting  in  the  direction  as  outlined, 
prove  the  bona  fides  of  my  contention,  and  in  the  establishment  of  such  an  iiulustry,  lay 
the  foundation  of  a  business,  which  inevitably  would  develop,  at  no  distant  date,  into 
the  hardly  less  huge  proportions  now  strictly  limited  to  the  Illinois  Steel  Co..  the 
Carr.egies,  the  Cambria,  and  a  few  other  equally  gigantic  and  prohtable  monopolies. 

Thk  Ciiai'In  Mink. 
This  mine,  the  fee  of  which  is  owned  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Chapin,  of  Niles,  Mich.,  consists 
of  the  S.  >4  of  S.  W.  '4,  and  S.  W.  ]{  of  S.  E.  ]{,  of  Sec.  30,  T.  40,  R.  30.  The 
proprietary  interest  originally  held  by  the  Menominee  Mining  Co.,  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  now  styled  Chapin  Mining  Co.,  better  known  as  the  "  Schlesinger  Syndicate." 
It  was  discovered  by  Dr.  N.  P.  Hulst  in  1S79.  The  ore  is  a  soft  hematite.  During  the 
year  iSgo,  it  employed  an  average  of  i,Soo  men.  It  is  remarkable  through  reason  of  its 
rapid  development,  it  being  the  greatest  mine,  with  one  exception,  in  the  Lake  Superior 
region.  Its  total  output  up  to  the  close  of  i.S(jo  being  3,218,543  tons,  it  having  produced 
742,843  tons  during  last  year.  The  machinery  and  eipiipment  is  probably  on  a  more 
extensive  scale  than  that  of  any  iron  mine  on  the  continent.  A  special  request  for  par- 
ticulars concerning  its  plant  and  working  history,  which  would  have  been  of  more  than 
mere  local  interest,  was  not  acceded  to  by  its  management.  At  the  lime  of  writing,  the 
position  of  superintendent,  owing  to  a  re-organization,  has  not  been  filled. 
The  names  of  officers  as  supplied  to  me  by  the  Vice  President  are: 
M.  A.  Hanna,  President;  George  H.  Kent,  Vice  President;  Head  Offices,  Cleveland 
and  Milwaukee. 


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I  I. in    Mr.  A.  I'.  Sw'itwUtuVs  .hinu,i/  /ininv,  iHH^     tin' tiist.  I  ir^nt  to  tav,  of  that 
\M  I!   kii(HMi   writt-r's   publications  wliirli  lias  toiiu'  iiiuh  r  m\  iioliii'.  ,ii\(|  it.  whilst  these 
|i,n;t's  were  iictiially  in  thf  hands  ol  tlir  [irintii      I  tiixl  the  tltll()\vin^;  iiitiicstinn  r«'fiT»'nct' 
It.  Mr.  Chapin's  connc'ttit)n  with  this  wcmlcitiii  prupi-rlv,  and  ••  illiistralixc  nf  tin-  iiiiita 
lioii-^  ot   in<iividnal  (ortniu-s:" 

riu'  \ff  l(ir  ilu-   |iiii|n'ii\   was  I'litiTcd  liv  hi-,  sun  in  I. iw  many  M-ars  .■n;ti,  tlii-n  filitnr  .if  tlir  ManjUftlf 

\/iiii>ii,'  y^'ii'iiii/,  who  "kiioxviMK  that  tin- i. Id  Krnilcinan  was  ihf  ..wiirr  i.f  a  Ik.imiiv  l.iml  w.irrani  and  suim- 
ai;i  I.  iilliir.ii  .'i'  otlitT  land  scrip,  wrotf  ii>  luiii  s,i\  niu  lli.il  il  liti  w..iilil  send  llir  w.iir.int  and  scrip  ti.  hini 
itli.   s(.n  inlaw  I  Ik- iIkiiikIiI  lit- ci.iild  pl.icr  ihcin  wtii-rf  ihrs   wmilii   il>i   liiin    tlic   nii.si  ^.mmI    in    later    \cars 

I  lie  I. Ill  kjrnilcni.tn  st-ni  ihr  wariani,  which  cillnl  tor  u..  .icns.  an. I  ihr  strip.  Ih.iIi  ..I  whi.h  wcrf  .-ipplivrl 
111  lilt-  liKalii.n  111  l.intls  tm  wiiat  is  ii.iw  kn.uMi  .is  the  Mi'iii'iiiinif  l<,iii^;iv  tlnii  .n  iiiilir.iki'n  w  iltlfrni-ss  It 
.iltcrw.irds  ti. inspired  tli.it  tlif  stale  liad  receivfil  .ind  used  nmre  .if  this  i crlain  kiml  iif  st  rip  tlian  the 
:.'... .mil   to   will.  Ii    it   was   entitled,  and   tlie  entries  matle  with  that  sent  up  In   Mr    Ch.ipin  were  rancelletl 

I  li.'  w.irrant  cuMTed  the  ijn  .leres  nn  which  ihe  ("liapin  mine  is  lucateil  anil  fur  which  a  warrant  was  tliilv 
I  .11. '.1  I..  Mr  <'li,ipin  In  the  i niirse  i.f  tiiiie,  Mr  Cliapin  l.nle.l  md  im  iic.l  ..\.i  t..  his  .  reilJt.irs  all  <if  his 
[■Lipirlv .  including  the  I-. ml  in  .piesli.in,  reserMiij;  .mlv    lh.it    wliitli    was   lAeiiipi    l>\    law    tnini   e\e(iitiiin 

III.'  crediicirs,  lieini;  anximis  to  realize  ;is  mm  li  cash  .is  pi.ssil.le,  and  deeming  the  land  w.irthless,  or  at  least 
iin.iv.iilal.le,  pruposeil  In  ('liapin  that  it  he  w.nild  turn  ..lit  Sjs"  wi.rlli  ..f  f\.'iiipi  pri.p.'rtv  he  miulit  Keep 
the  I. mil.  whiili  )iri.pi)sili.)n  he  .iccepleil  What  he  K.iincil  l.y  the  iransactiim,  and  wli.il  the  t  reililms.  or 
will. ever  iniyhl  ha\'e  purchased  Ih.'  land  had  it  lieen  sold  i.n  exiciilion,  List,  m.iv  I.e  p.irlialh  estim.iled  from 
till-  fact  that  he  has  already  received  over  Sjo.i.ooo  in  roy.iltv.  paid  him  l.\  llie  lessee  while  he  ..r  his  heifH 
(.111  c.inlidently  anticip.'ite  an  .inniial  income  of  from  *s').ooo  lo  *i5o,ooo  from  the  same  property  for  years 
III.  nine  I'rom  (lenury  it  has  not  only  raised  him  to  attliience,  Iml  made  him.  pr..s|iecli\  elv.  one  of  the 
ri.  Ii.sl  men  in  the  state  of  Michi(.;an  " 

Mr.  Swincford's  forecast  was  within   tlu;  limit.      I   am  informed  tli.it  last  year  Mr. 
(  li.ipin  rect'ivfd  about  53"o,ooo,  net  inconu-.  as  his  royalty  tax  on  the  output.      Whilst 
no  one  I  ajipreliend  };rudf.;es  Mr.  Cliapin  his  e.\cellent  fortune,  it  is  in  quite  good  order 
to  (luestion   the  soundness  of  the   applied   system  of  political  economy,  which   pormits 
iiiiy  one  to  reap  such  a  royal  benefit  from  any  local  industry,  without  e.\actin(.(  a  toll   for 
local  public  purposes.      Fee  owners  pay  no  taxes.      Of  Mr.  Chapin's  princely  income  not 
one  cent  is  retained  by  authority  to  assist  in  defraying  the  civic  expenses  of  lion  Moun- 
tain.    Where  are  the  single  tax  agitators?     My  remarks  are  offered   with  no  personal 
reference  to  Mr.    Cliapin- -Iron    Momitain   will    doubtless  be    tangibly  apprised  of   his 
iiuinificence  one  ot   these  days —they  are  directed  against  the  principle,  which  not  alone 
lis  an  injustice  to  the  localities  drained  of  their  life  blood  with  no  i/uiil f^io  i/uo,  but  also 
jagainst  the  overdone  system  pursued  by  many  Shy  lock  fee  owners,  who  levy  such  an 
liinposition  in  the  shape  of  royalties,  that   men   financially  ready  to  develop  properties, 
lai(!  unwilling  to  outlay  in  the  face  of  such  a  usurious  tithe.      If  the  owners  of  these  lands 
Iwere  compelled  to  place  a  sel/inj::^  value  on  their  property,  at  which  valuation  they  would 
[be  assessed,  subject  to  annual  revision,  these  vexed  ipiestions  would  soon  right  them- 
Iselves. 

Thk  Hamii.ion  Mink 

Is  owned  by  the   Hamilton  Ore  Co.,  miners  of  Menominee  Range   ore,  of   Sharon, 

iPa.,  and   is   located   on   the   N.   "j,  S.  W.    '4,  Sec.  30,  T.  40,  R.  30,  which   Ho   acres   is 

leased  from  the    Hamilton,  Merryman  Co.      It  was   prospected  for  in  18H3  by  Mr.    John 

Jones,  the  present  Superintendent,  who  discovered  with  a  diamond  ilrill  in  that  year, 

the   ore   body  which   from    present   indications,   will   shortly   rival   with    its   output   the 


102 


Thk  Mknominke  Iron   Range. 


famous  Chapin.  The  first  shipment  of  ore  was  made  to  Sharon  May  25th,  1888.  Tlie 
ore  is  a  soft  bhie  liematite  and  of  the  same  quality  as  that  of  the  Chapin  or  Ludington. 
The  Hamilton  is  as  yet  an  infant,  giving  little  thought  to  producing,  but  sin)plv 
developing,  but  towards  the  entering  of  the  lists  as  a  competing  shipper,  all  the  indoini. 
table  energies  of  the  superintendent  are  now  being  directed.  That  the  expectations  of 
its  owners  will  be  more  than  realized  is  already  accepted  as  an  accomplished  conclusion 
Mr.  Jones'  forecast  of  the  probabilities  have  been  more  than  verified,  and  the  success- 
fully bold  expenditure  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  upon  his  ultimatum 
that  the  ore  was  there  if  the  company  cared  to  incur  the  cost  of  reaching  it,  whilst 
characteristic  of  the  nerve  of  the  promoters,  and  the  confidence  placed  in  Mr.  Joms 
astuteness,  has  emphasized  in  an  extraordinary  manner  that  gentleman's  mining  acumen 
Mr.  Jones  is  the  oldest,  not  in  actual  years,  but  as  regards  length  of  service  of  anv 
f  "iperintendent  on  the  range.  As  a  representative  mining  man,  and  as  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  business  men  of  the  Menominee,  his  portrait  finds  a  place  in  these  pages. 
Without  it,  the  work  would  be  incomplete. 

At  first  only  30  men  were 
now  the  force  numbers  300.  ' 
has  been  sent  to  the  com- 
Newcastle  and  Greenville, 
and  nails  are  manufac- 
been  placed  on  the  market. 
1,460  feet  vertical  depth, 
level.  No.  2  is  1,435  feet 
may  have  to  penetrate 
reached.  Ore  was  reached 
and  continued  for  500  feet, 
It  is  estimated  that 
in  sight.  Last  year  17,092 
\ear  70,000  tons  have  so 
No.  2  is  seven  by  twenty- 

bers.      1  he  hoisting  plant  ^  -' 

tion  by  the  celebrated  Webster,  Camp  tSl:  Lane  Machine  Co.  of  Akron,  Ohio,  will,  it  is 
claimed,  be  the  largest  one  shaft  equipment  of  any  in  the  world.  The  plant  will  coiisiv 
of  two  direct-acting  or  first-motion  engines  and  two  reels,  and  will  weigh  complete  id- 
tons.  The  engines,  rated  at  1,500  horse-power,  are  of  the  Corliss  type,  fitted  with  tlu 
company's  improved  valve  gear  and  relief  mechanism,  and  the  dash  pots  of  these  ait 
especially  noteworthy  for  their  rapid  and  silent  action.  The  cylinders  are  32  inch  hon 
by  72  inch  stroke,  with  steel  piston  rods  four  and  three-fourths  inches  in  dianutct 
The  reverse  mechanism  employed  for  these  hugh  engines  is,  perhaps,  the  most  nove. 
feature  of  the  entire  plant.  Description  sufficiently  detailed  to  do  them  justice  caiiiic; 
be  entered  into  here,  but  their  construction  and  action  is  bound  to  claim  the  attentior. 
of  engineers  of  the  wide  world. 

The  engines  are  coupled  to  a  crank  shaft  17  inches  in  diameter,  supported  at  tlit 
centre  by  a  heavy  pillow  block.  This  shaft  carries  the  two  reels  which  have  a  capacity 
for  2,500  feet  of  flat  rope  seven-eighths  of  an  inch  thick  by  eight  inches  wide.     The  l<'el^ 


employed  at  the  Hamilton. 
So  far  all  the  ore  produced 
pany's  works  at  Sharon. 
where  sheet  iron,  bar,  pii; 
tured.  No  ore  has  as  yet 
Of  the  two  shafts.  No.  i  i- 
and  is  843  feet  to  the  tirsi 
down  and  if  is  estimate: 
2,000  feet  before  the  ore  i> 
in  No.  I  shaft  at  700  tef. 
with  a  width  of  140  feet 
2,000,000  tons  of  ore  au 
tons  were  produced.  I  hi- 
fari'been  shipped.  Sliai; 
four  feet  inside  the  lini 
about  to  be  placed  in  posi 


if 


Thf.  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


103 


,,ri'  fitted  with  powerful  hand  friction  clutclies,  and  contro'Unl  by  heavy  post  brakes  of 
the  Western  type.  Tlie  rope  is  the  hir}.;est  used  in  tliis  country,  and  at  a  deptli  of  2.300 
I, el  will  sustain  a  load  of  ten  tons  of  ore,  besides  the  weight  of  the  skip,  which  is  the 
111, ixinuim  capacity  of  the  plant.  Tiie  Hamilton  Ore  Company  were  the  first  to  intro- 
(liiie  the  flat  ropes  in  the  Menominee.  The  advantaj^es  of  these,  over  round  ropes,  for 
deep  workings  are  many,  and  their  use  is  apparently  coming  into  general  favor.  To 
insure  a  rapid  stopping  of  the  engine,  as  well  as  of  the  reels,  brakes  are  htted  to  the 
engine  crank  disks.  These  brakes,  as  well  as  the  post  brakes,  clutches,  and  reverse, 
iire  operated  by  individual  steam  cylinders  which  are  controlled  by  levers  on  the  opera- 
tors platform,  so  that  the  entire  plant  can  be  worked  with  complete  ease  and  surety  by 
tilt'  engineer  in  charge.  Iron  Mountain  is  one  vast  machinery  hall,  all  in  motion.  .\ 
visit  to  witness  its  wonders  will  well  repay  you. 

TuK  I'kwahk  Mine, 
Another  new  cmdidate  for  first-class  honors,  is  located  on  the  S.  \V.  of  N.  W.  '4 
of  Sec.  32,  T.  40,  R.  30,  and  was  discovered  by  Dr.  Hulst  in  iSS(^.  Tiie  property 
wliicli  consists  of  the  S.  ]i  of  the  section  was  ac(iiiired-  by  the  same  management  as 
tliiit  composing  the  old  Menominee  Mining  Co. — from  Welconu;  Hyde  of  .\ppleton, 
owner  of  the  pine  bnds,  and  member  of  the  original  Chapin  Co. 

The  ore  produced  by  the  Pewabic  is  a  very  high  graile  Bessemer.  It  is  a  soft,  blue 
iu'inatite,  low  in  phosphorous  and  sulphur,  carrying  bb  }.er  cent,  of  metallic  iron,  and 
.i)0(j  of  phosphorous,  and  is  especially  adapted  for  steel  and  the  higher  classes  of  manu 
facture,  and  has  an  average  value  at  mines  mouth  of  55.00  a  ton.  It  is  classified  by  the 
State  Commissioner  of  Mineral  Statistics  as  "gilt  edge."  Notwithstanding  the  short 
time  that  it  has  been  subject  to  active  treatment,  under  the  close  and  constant  super- 
vision of  Mr.  E.  F.  lirown.  Superintendent — Alderman  for  Ward  No.  4  and  Chairman 
of  Finance,  ('ity  of  Iron  Mountain — and  one  of  the  characteristic  "hustlers"  of  the 
Menominee,  a  tremendous  amount  of  work  has  been  accomplished.  Already  a  shaft 
fourteen  feet  six  inches  by  five  feet  si,\  inches  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  500  feet. 
This  divided  into  two  compartments  for  cages,  and  one  for  pumps  ami  ladders.  The 
three  levels,  including  drifting  and  cross-cuts,  exceed  4,618  feet.  Ir  is  furnished  with 
two  pumps,  which  with  a  maximum  lift  of  1,000  feet,  each  can  raise  1,200  and  1,000 
gallons  per  minute,  respectivel}'.  The  power  is  all  steam,  except  for  drills  and  under- 
ground hoist,  which  are  driven  by  compressed  air.  The  six  boilers  yield  100  horse 
power  each.  Fourteen  of  Rand's  wonderful  rock  drills — indeed,  what  would  the  miner 
do  without  the  saving  invei.tion  of  Rand — are  kept  busy.  Two  Corliss  hoisting  engin«!S 
with  a  maximum  hoist  of  1,500  feet,  control  the  steel  cables  which  raise  the  cages.      Tlie 

I  length  of  underground  and  surface  tramway  is  1,345  feet,  the  doubl:  track  system 
being  in   operation.      Thus   it   will  be   seen   that  Mr.  Brown's  reputation  as  an  untiring 

I  worker  has  not  been  forfeited.     On  page  95   I  have  perpetuated,  with  Mr.  Mortensen's  and 
Messrs.  Marr  &  Richards'  joint  skill,  Mr.  Brown's  picturestpie  residence  in  "half-tone." 
In   i8go,  2b,ggi    tons  of  ore   were   shipped,  a  spur  track  from  the  C.  tS:  N.  W.  Ry. 

[Co.  has  been  built  up  the  valley  to  connect  with  the  long  elevated  trestle,  which  leads 
from  the  mine's  mouth.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  in  Milwaukee,  and  the  officers 
are:   (j.   D.   Van   Dyke,  President:    J.  H.  \'an  Dyke,   Vice  President;    W.    D.   \'an   Dyke, 

{Secretary;  Dr.  N.  P.  Hulst,  General  Manager;  E.  F.  Bxov/n,  Resident  Superintendent. 


I04 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


From  the  Management  of  the  Millie  Mine  and  of  the  Walpole  Mine,  no  particular 
have  been  submitted. 

The  Ludington  Mine, 

Which  abuts  the  Hamilton,  was  discovered  in  1880  by  George  E.  Stockbridge,  and 
is  on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  S.  ^  of  S.  E.  j^  of  Sec.  25,  T.  40,  R.  30,  120  acres 
A  few  years  since  the  property  could  have  been  bought  for  a  song,  as  the  ore-bed  was, 
supposed  to  be  exhausted.  Practical  work  with  the  diamond  drill  developed  new  and 
important  deposits,  and  the  stock  previously  unsaleable  reached  impossible  prices. 
Last  year  it  shipped  97,355  tons  of  60  to  68  per  cent,  of  just  below  Bessemer  grade  ore 
The  property  is  leased  from  the  fee  owners,  the  Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Co.,  whu 
exact  an  average  royalty  toll  of  40  cents  a  ton.  The  ore  is  of  fine  quality,  especialh 
adapted  for  the  "fix  "  trade,  and  for  utilizing  in  the  finer  classes  of  manufacture. 

The  mine  is  being  developed  with  three  shafts,  the  respective  depth  of  whicli  is 
1,320,  1,280  and  1,050  feet,  and  the  drifts,  etc.,  on  the  various  levels  exceeding  :j,t)oo 
lineal  feet.  Under  Mr.  Bankes'  active  superintendency,  work  has  been  pushed  to  the 
extent  of  the  limit,  and  the  grounds  unceasingly  are  a  very  bee-hive  of  industry.  Last 
year's  operations  will  demonstrate  this.  One  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty-nine  feet 
of  shafting  were  sunk;  500  feet  of  shafts  re-timbered;  1,000  feet  of  shaft  divided  into 
two  compartments,  and  over  3,530  feet  of  drifting  completed.  Twelve  months  since  but 
50,000  tons  of  ore  were  "in  sight."  Mr.  Bankes  now  estimates  as  the  result  of  late 
development  that  650,000  tons  are  to-day  visible.  So  much  for  skill  and  labor.  The 
mining  plant  is  of  a  most  costly  description.  The  E.  P.  Allis  Co.  of  Milwaukee  arc 
engaged  at  the  present  time  pi  i^ar  in  new  and  powerful  machinery.  The  Webster 
Camp  and  Lane  friction  gears  art  '  c  .  The  Ludington  Co.  have  a  one-third  share  in 
the  Hydraulic  Co.,  whose  works  -.  «  the  Menominee  river,  a  beautiful  view  of  whicli 
appears  on  page  .  These  were  buiii  at  a  cost  of  $400,000,  and  supply  to  the  extent  oi 
their  capacity,  compressed  air,  carried  a  distance  of  three  miles,  and  which  is  the  chief 
motive  power  for  the  machinery  of  the  mines.  The  large  automatic  double  deck  catjes 
will  carry  40  men  at  a  time.    The  daily  output  of  this  mine  next  year  is  placed  at  1,500  tons 

The  officers  of  this  company  are,  A.  A.  Carpenter,  President;  S.  M.  Stephenson. 
Vice  President;  F.  A.  Brown,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  all  of  the  town  of  Menomiiue 
The  head  office  is  at  Iron  Mountain,  with  Mr.  Robert  Bankes,  General  Manager,  and 
Henry  Davis,  Captain. 


Woods'  Sandstone  Block. 


e,  no  particular- 
3tockbridge,  aiii: 

R.    30,    1 20  aCK'y 

the  ore-bed  \va- 
eloped   new  am: 
ipossible    prices 
semer  grade  on 
)  Canal  Co.,  wiii 
uality,   especiall\ 
nufacture. 
lepth  of  whicli  iv 
exceeding    o-"" 
en  pushed  to  tin 
;  industry.     Last 
id  sixty-nine  fin 
shaft  divided  into 
months  since  Im; 
he  result  of    lati 
and  labor.     The 
af  Milwaukee  au 
y.     The  Websta 
lie-third  share  in 
view  of   wliicl: 
to  the  extent  oi 
lich  is  the  chid 
ouble  deck  ca,!,'e> 
ced  at  1,500  tons 
M.  Stephenson. 
of    MenomiiK'L 
ra/  Manager,  aiu: 


THE  CITY  OF  IRON  MOUNTAIN,  MICH. 

This  City  has  a  population  of  about  10,000. 

It  is  the  County  Seat  of  Dickinson  County. 

It  is  centrally  located  in  the  great  Iron  District  known  as  the  Menominee  Range. 

During  the  year  i8go,  the  Mines  within  the  city  limits  produced  about  1,000,000 
lens  of  very  high  grade  Iron  Ore,  giving  direct  employment  to  over  3H00  men. 

'  This  city  offers  the  greatest  inducement  to  Capitalists  of  any  in  the  State  of 
Miciiigan,  having  within  its  limits  Mountains  of  Ore,  that  if  treated  locally  would  yield 
i^rcat  pro/it  to  the  manufacturer. 

The  Immense  Water  Powers,  within  three  miles  radius  of  the  city,  offer  power  at 
a  miiiimum  of  cost. 

Railway  Facilities: — Chicago  &  Northwestern;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul; 
I'^scanaba,  Iron  Mountain  &  Western. 

The  city  is  lighted  by  Electricity ;  has  a  Gas  Plant  in  course  oi  construction;  has 
a  Water  Works  System  with  twelve  miles  of  mains  and  a  pumping  capacity  of  4,000,000 
f^allons  daily. 

A  System  of  Sewers  three  miles  in  length  is  being  constructed,  while  about  eight 
miles  will  be  laid  next  year. 

On  completion  of  the  Sewer,  three  of  the  main  business  streets  are  to  be  paved  with 
cedar  block. 

It  has  one  of  the  most  efficient  full  paid  Fire  Departments  in  the  State  of  Michigan. 

It  has  two  Roman  Catholic  Churches  (English  and  Italian);  three  Methodist 
C/jiirc/?evS  (two  English,  one  Swede);  one  Episcopal;  one  Presbyterian;  two  Mission 
Churches  and  one  Norwegian  Lutheran  Church. 

The  present  High  School  Building  and  four  Ward  Schools  were  erected  at  a  cost 

of   $37,500. 

A  new  High  School  Building  of  Granite  is  being  erected,  the  cost  of  which  will 
l)e  S55,ooo. 

Building  Lots  cost  from  S50  to  $350  per  foot. 

Residence  Lots  cost  from  $3  to  $20  per  foot. 

It  has  two  Newspapers. 

It  is  provided  with  Hospitals  for  the  sick,  and  the  Medical  Faculty  are  ably 
represented. 

Lake  Antoine,  a  most  picturesque  sheet  of  water  over  two  miles  square,  offers  many 
l)leasurable  attractions.  ' 

Hon.  F.  J.  Trudell.  Afnyor. 


Oliver  Symons. 
W.  H.  Sweet. 
W.  H.  Hancock. 
L.  Tebo. 
Oliver  Evans,   Treasurer. 


Board  ok  Aldermen, 
Charles  Forell. 

D.  A.  Graham. 

E.  F.  Brown. 


H.   Shields. 
VVm.  Catlin. 
A.  Hunting. 

John  J.  Saving,   City  Clerk. 


IRON   MOUNTAIN    BUSINESS   DIRECTORY, 


CLASSIFIED     LIST    OF     ADVERTISERS. 


Architects — 

("l.ANt  V,  J.   E. 
I.KMIKl'X,  Jos. 

Attorneys  ami  Justices — 

Cook  &  I'KI.ll.^M. 
Hammond,  K.  L. 
Tki'dei,!.,  F.  J. 
Hkkgekon,  D. 

I'kkiduk  M,  John.  \ 

Bankers — 

First  National  Hank, 

jno.  K.  Wood. 

Hatchers —  i 

Hastinc.s  &  Hancock. 

lilack-^niiths— 

Noiti.E,    Sou. 

I'At'I.,    AU(i. 

lircwers — 

I'PI'KK  Ml(  IIIC.AN  HKKWIN(i  Co 

Hoots  and  Shoes — 
Scott,  B.  H. 

Carrivf'^e  At n  hers — 

Noble,  Sol. 
Paul,  Auc, 

Contractors — 

Alexander,  M.  Ci. 
Rule,  John. 


Druffffists— 

Lumber  Yard — 

lN(iKAM,  v..  J. 

Parmenter,  E.  L. 

Skiiiert,  G.  F. 

News/yaper — 

Dentist— 

The  Iron  Ranoe, 

Jones,  J.  D. 

R.  P.  Tnten. 

Dry  Goods— 

Pho  t  Off  rap  her — 

ScHULDEs,  Carl. 

MORTENSEN,   S. 

Furnit  urc — 

Real  Estate- 

RoniiNs,  J.  v.. 

Cook  &  Pelham. 
Freidrich,  Jno. 

General  Merchants— 

ClEll.Fl'SS,    A.   B. 

Houghton  MineralLandCi 

Wkkiht  Bros. 

Miller,  R.  Th. 

Grnri>ri'rs  and   Pntvlslntis — 

McLaughlin  &  De  Vere 

Bai.dieri,  Jos. 
James  &  Croll. 

Hotels— 

Commercial  Hotel, 
Felch  Hotel. 

Insurance — 

Miller,  R.  Th. 
Sterling  &  Silverwood. 

Jewelry  tt  Musical  Instruments 

Buck,  K.  S. 
LKVEyuE,  A.  J. 


Sterling  &  Silverwood 
I  Weimer,  Jno.  B. 

I 
I  Stationery  and  Cigars— 

Flatt,  Arthur. 

Tailor,  Merchant — 
I  Saving  &  Co. 


Wine  and  Liquors — 

"The  Bessemer," Sol  Noble 
"Chapin  House," 

Merritt  Bros. 
Gleason,  M.  C. 
Hocking,  Wm. 


JAMKS   &   CROLL, 


— DEALERS    IN- 


GROCERIES,  HAY  AND  FEED 

Domestic  and  For-eign  Fr-uits  and  Vegetables.     Poultry,  Fish,  Oysters 

and  Game  in  Season. 


TE^^S  JL.1>TJD  co:fi^ee3  j^  s:PECi-<a.ijT-2-. 


Business  Dirkcidrv  oy  Ir(in  Motmain,   Mich. 


107 


|,iiiN   R.   Wdoii.    I'rcsidcnt. 
OiiNKN   livANs,   Cashier. 

J.   A.   Ckowf.ii.. 


KIRIU  roKs. 
W.   S.    Lain<'.. 


John   I'krkins,   Vice  President. 
R.  Sua  I'.RwooD,  Ass't  Cashier. 

A.    V.   Wkiiiirr. 


pirst  National  ^^ank, 


OF  IRON  MOUNTAIN,  MICHIGAN. 


ii 


Capital,  $50,000,00.       Surplus  and  Profits,  SIG.OOOOO. 


SEMER, 

•Sol  Nol)le 

loUSE,' 

Merritt  Bros. 

M.  C. 

Wm, 

Solicits  Accounts,  makes  Collections,  Allows  Int(.'rest  on   Deposits. 

Discounts  Commercial  Paper, 
Loans  Money  on   Approved  Collaterals, 

IssuKs    Drafts  and    Money  Ordkus  on  am,  fakts  of  thk  Known   World, 

and  in  every  way,  not  interfering  with  its  own  well-being 
and    doing,  accommodates  its  patrons. 


StEu?l.3^^si3:i:p    Tici^ets. 


io8 


BUSINKSS    DiRIXTOKV    OK    IroN    MOUNTAIN,     MiCH. 


f^^I  •  Instate. 


:>ic~    :>ic    :>ic    ->k 

yj\  y{\  ^(\  yf\ 


Mclaughlin  &DEVERE, 

Oldest^  1^1  ^  ^tete  ^  Off  ice  ^  in '  the  ?  (^J.  I GI 


y 


Real  Estate  Bought  and  Sold  on  Reasonable  Terms. 

WE  HAVE   THE  MOST  DESIRABLE   ADDITIONS 

FOR  SALE. 

McLA  UGHLIN  &  De  VERE. 


\^         ^^         '\ly        ^^y 


THE  cri  V 


Bl'SINESS    DlRFClllKV    Ol     IkoN    MoiNI  \IN,     MICH. 


lOlj 


RANSOM  L.  HAMMOND, 


Attorney  at   LaW, 


IKON   MOUNTAIN. 


F.  J.  TRUDELL, 
Attorney  at  Law, 

IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


J   K.  WRIGHT. 

UARINETTB.    WIS. 


No  Duplicate  Bills  required  for  Iron  Mountai:.. 


A   F.  WRIGHT, 

IRON   MOUNTAIN,    MICH. 


WRIGHT    BROTHERS, 

GENERAL  MERCHANDISE,  Etc, 

ALSO    WHOLESALE    'IKAI.EKS    IN 

CEDAR  RAILROAD  TIES.  FENCE  AND  PAYING  POSTS. 

Stores  at  Marinette  and  Pike,  Wis.,  Quinnesec  and  Iron  Mountain,  Mich.     Kstablished  at  Marinette  in  1867. 


SAVING  &  CO., 

J^rcfieot'    [ailors, 


JOSEPH    LEMIEUX, 

ArctiitecU^'Bullder 


Stephenson  Aye. 


IRON      MOLTNTAIN. 


Plans,  Specifications  and  Estimates 
Furnished  on  Short  Notice. 


OpricE  ON  HuciiiTT  St.,  Neak  C.  &  N.  W.  Detot, 
IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


JOS.   BALDIERI, 


DEALER    IN 


Groceries  and  Provisions. 


FRUITS    IN    SEASON. 
IRON  MOUNTAIN.  -  MICHIGAN. 


ito 


Business  DikKiioRV  ok  Iron  Moiniain,  Mkii. 


liAWNDALiE! 


A.  B.  GEILFUSS.  OWNER. 


Chkap  Lots  ark  Offered  in  this  Beautiful  Addition  to 

Iron  Mountain,  on 

Loog  Tin)e  gnd  ^as^  Fa5)n)ents. 

Warranty  Deeds  with  Perfect  Titi  k  can  be  given  to  all 
WHO  desire  to  own  Property  in  this  Charming  Locality. 

^vt0    I  Pi  ^  T  embraces  a  whole  half  mile  bordering 
^f  on  the  Western  portion  of  the  city, 

and  is  intersected  by  all  Streets  extending  West,  from 
"  Flesheim  on  the  Hill  "  to  "  D  Street  in  the  Valley,"  and 
the  furthermost  limits  can  be  reached  by  pedestrians  within 
fifteen  minutes'  walk  from  the  Mines,  the  Post  Office  and 
principal  stores.  The  surface  is  mainly  level,  soil  is  rich 
sandy  loam,  suitable  for  the  easy  culture  and  maintenance 
of  lawns,  flowers  and  other  garden  products.  Its  Streets 
are  being  graded  and  sidewalks  laid  on  the  principal  thor- 
oughfares at  heavy  expense  to  the  owner.  Lawndale  is 
destined  to  be  the  principal  residence  addition  about  Iron 
Mountain.  On  A  and  B  Streets  the  Contracts  and  Deeds 
to  purchasers  will  prohibit  residences  being  built  within  25 
feet  of  line  of  Street ;  considering  the  Improvements 
already  made,  and  others  contemplated,  we  recommend 
Investments  in  this  Plat.  The  lots  are  sold  on  Easy  Terms : 
no  smaller  payment  than  ^10.00  being  received.  Plats  free 
on  application.     Address, 

A.  B.  GKlLKr JSS, 

Cashier  Commercial  Bank, 
OR,  MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

GEO.  McKlNSTRY,  Resident  Agent, 

203  B  street,  IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


1 1 1 


Business  Dirkctory  (if  Iun\   Moinivin.   Mii.h. 

DON'T  GO  ABOUT 

W'ltli  tlic  idea  that  you  can  p()ssil)ly  be  well  ilresseii  if  yoii  ilon't   wear  (iOOD   SHOI'^S. 
^  1)11  may  pay  princely  prices  for  your  clotliiuj,'  hut  if  vour  I'OOTWI^AR  looks  as  thou>;ii 
there   was    room    for    improvement    the    WIIOLIC    ICIFI'XT    WIM.    MK    I.DST. 
I  make  a  specialty  of  easy,  neat,  snu^lv  httin^  and  serviceable 

SHOES 

that  will  give  you  every  satisfaction. 

SCOTT,     THK    SHOKMAN, 

STEPHENSON  AVENUE,  -  -  -  IRON  MOUNTAIN,  MICH. 


Tiioa.  N.  KoKDYCK,  I'reg,  Hkrman  Naolk,  Trc*R. 

Ler  Fobdyck,  St'c'y. 


ager  <5eer, 


IKKWKI)    FROM    THE   VEKV   BEST  AND   I't'KKST   MAI.T  AND 
HOI'S,    AT 

DICKINSON  CO.,  -  -  MICHIGAN. 

BV    THE 

UPPER  MICHIGAN  BREWING  CO. 


JOHN    RULE. 

K.\-NTRRKT  COMMIHtiloMKR. 

Earth  and  Rock  Excavating 


A  SPFXI.VLTY 

CONTRACT  TEAMING,  LOCCINi;  AND  IIENERAL 
HAUI.INli. 

TELEPHONE.-     -  - 


John    Kriedrich, 


JUSTICK  OF  Till-:  PEACE,  AND 


REAL  ESTATE  AGENT, 


XTlOl^    I^OTJiTT-5uI3Sr,    I^^ICZI. 


Agent  for  Wasiungton  Park  Addition  to  Iron  Mountain. 


(on)n)erci3l  f|oteI, 

THE  ONLY  BRICK  HOTEL  IN  THE  CITY. 

^    Heated  by  Steam,  Lighted  by  Gas,   and  First  Class 
in  all  its  Appointments. 

/.  C,  CHELLEW,  FRUP'R. 

W.  F.  MCMYLER,  MANAGER. 


R.  TH.  MILLER, 


IRON  MOUNTAIN, 


MICHIGAN. 


office:  in  grossbusch  buock. 

REAL    ESTATE 

FIRE,  LIFE  AND  ACCIDENT  INSURANCE. 

Loans  Negotiated,  Houses  for  Sale  or  Rent.      Rents 

Collected  and  Taxes  Paid  for  Non-Residents 

Sole  A^ent   for  St  Clair's    Several 

Additions. 

CORRBSPONDBNCB  SOL.ICIXBD. 


I  li 


UUSINKSS    DlKKCIOKV    OF    I  R<1N    MolNTAIN,     Ml(ll. 


FELCH    HOTEL. 


The    Mosit    Centrally    Locvitetl    Hotel    in    Iioii    Xloimt.'i  i  1 1. 

Rates  :     Transient  (iuests.  $2.00  a  Day.     Special  Rates 
for  Rt:j^ular  Boarders. 

rXjEJ^^C^i-nSTT    QTJ-^I^TEI^S    -^3^^r5     I^II^BT    CILj.<a.SO    T-A-BLIZ:. 

•BUS  TO  AND  PHOM  ALL  TRAINS 

W.  W.  FELCH,  Prop. 


AUGUST  C   PAUL, 


MANUFACTURKR  OF 


A.  T.  LKVi:(JIIB. 


DKALKK  IN 


Wapns,  Carriages  and  Sleighs  Watches,  Clocks,  Jewelry,  Etc. 


GENERAL  BLAGKSMITHING. 
Horseshoeing  a  Specialty. 

IRON  MOUNTAIN,  -  MICH. 


AUO  A   riNR  SRLRrTION  OF 


SUUVENIR  SFOUNS  AND  BIRTHDAY  RINGS, 


409  STEPHENSON  AVE. 


John  B.  Weimer, 


DEAI  KK     IN 


REAL  ESTATE 


CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


S.  MOPTENSEN, 

Photographic  ^  ]^tist, 

The  BCHt  Equipped  Studio  on  the  Kauge. 


Besides  Portraiture, Mr  Mortensen  makes 

a  Specialty  of  Landscape  Photography, 

Groups.  Animals,  etc. 


Many  of  the  half-tone  reproductions  In  this  publicntion- 
the  Menominkb  Iron  Kanok— are,  as  will  be  seen  on  rifiT- 
ence  to  tne  list  of  lUusttatiouH,  from  photographs  taken  by 
S.  Mortensen. 

OAllERT:    SIEPHKHSON  AVE.,  OPP.  C.  4  N.  W.  RT  DEPOT. 


COOK  &  PELHAM, 

ALSO    SOLE    AGENTS    FOR       

Hamilton  &  Merryman's  1st,  2d,  3d  and  Park  Additions,  and 
Rosenheinn'ji  Isi  and  2d  Additions  to  Iron  Mountain, 
and  Peninsular  Improvement  Go's.  Lands. 

Also  other  properties  in  different  parts  of  the  City. 


'ients  collected.  Insurance  procured  and  Taxes  paid  for  non-residents. 


vlovuit.'iiii. 
ites 


BrslNESS    DiKF.CTOHV    OK    I  RON    MofNTAIN.    Ml(ll. 


1  13 


i;Kn    W    .KdlNHON,   l're»l<lonl.  HiuKoN,  I'*.  R.  Wll.l.l  AM-i  iS,  ■*»•.  "y  iiii.l  Trinn.    HlUHoN.  V.\. 

.1,  T.  JuNBH,  ••«ll.  UtlT.,  iHtlN  Moi'NTAIN,  Mlill. 


Ijodghton  ]V|ipergI  |and  ai)d  Iroi)  (oropan^. 


Ikon   Moliniain,  Mich. 


ION  OF 

RTllllAY  RINGS, 


on  the  Kaiige. 

Mortensen  makes 
)e  Photography, 
Is,  etc. 

3118  in  this  publicntion- 
B  will  be  seen  on  ri-fer- 
photographs  takuii  by 

;.  i  N.  W.  RY  D8P0T. 


••'^^ 


WO  THOUSAND  SHVI-N   IlliNDRI-l)  ACRI'S  ()!• 


.-^ 


MINERAL  AND  TIMBER  LANDS, 

On    riiK  Mkn()Mini;k  and  Mak(»uki  ik  Ra\(;ks. 


iNCLuniNt;  North   yi  oi-  Sec.  30,  Known  as  thk 


WlKIMBERLY  ADDITION 


CIT'^T      LOTS 


AND  OTHER  PROPERTY  FOR  SALE  IN  IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


.dditions,  and 
n     Mountain, 


FOR  TERMS  AND  CONDITIONS  OF  SALE  APPLY  TO 


JOHN  T.  JONES, 


Gen.  Mgr., 

Iron  Mountain,  Mich. 


>»4 


BUHINKHH    UlKKlTORV    OK    IkoN    MnUNIAIN,    MllM. 


E^  J.  INGRAM, 

DISPENSING    *    ORUGGIST. 

Dkugs  and  Mr.DiciNF.s,  Stationkuv,  Fkkkumkuy,  Fancy  Goods. 

IUk    I'^IXTUKKS   AM)   Ci(;aks. 

STEPHENSON    AVE..  -  -  IRON    MOUNTAIN. 


J.  E.  CLANCY. 

Architect  and  Superintendent, 


IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


"THE  IRON  RANGE," 


I  K.  S.  BUCK. 

I  Jewelry  and  Musical  Instpumenis,  I 

I  IRON   MOUNTAIN. 

I 

Mason  &  Hnmllii  Plaroa  and  OPRans, 
Clough  ft  Wurren  Pianoa  and  Orgiiiia. 
Statidard  Sewinn  Machliiea, 
White  Sewing  Mucfiinea, 
Hold  on  Kauy  Paymen'3. 

,   PDrreiipxniloiicoiolicitoil  iind  ratalogui'RKntoi)  a)ipllcnliun. 

I  A  liirKe  Htock  i)f  WHtchci,  SllviTHare.  .lewclry  iind 

I  Rmnll  .MiiHlciil  liiKlriiiiieiilii  cuiiHtaiitly  on  niiml 

All  klnda  uf  WiitcheR  repaired  iind  ticcuriiti'lv 

1 1  mud. 


F:8tabliahfd  1^7U. 
R.  P.  TUTEN.  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

TIIR  REPRCfRNTATIVR  PArElt  OF 

"The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 

Subscription,   .$2.00  I'er  Ve.-ir 

I'RINTISJC.    HOUSE  : 

:il)(J  CARPENTER  AVE.,  IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


DENTISTRY, 

.J.  D.JONES.  D.D.S, 


Room  1,  Wood's  Block. 


SOL.    NOBLE, 

Blacksmith  *  and  *  Wagonmaker, 

CUTTERS,  SLEIGHS.  WAGONS   AND   MINING  GEAR. 

HORSE   SHOEING   A  SPECIALTY. 
Agent  for  the  Harrison  Wagon  Co.  and  the  B.  F.  &  H.  L.  Sweet  Common  Sense  Sleighs. 

Ludington  St.  East,  IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


BrsiNKss    DiKKCToKv  ity   Ikon   MoirNTviv,    Mii  M. 


115 


CARL   SCI  11  irj)p:s, 


UK  \l  FM    IN- 


Dro  Goods,  Clottiino,  Genls'  FurnlsMngs 


MILUNERY,    ETC. 


t'«  lent  unaiipliciit  ion 

(are,  Jewelry  ami 
iistHiitly  on  liaiiil. 
(1  ancl  acciirali'lv 


rpM  n  I  * 


SEIBERT'S 

CliNTHAL  PhESCHIPTION  DhU(J  S 

|',in<\  (li)O(ls.  Ti)ilft  Articles,  lilank  l<u(jks, 

I 


AK»TIIIIK     I'l.AT'i', 


:\l.l.K  I.N 


)rn«MistsSun(lri.s,  ami  Station,  ry  ^tfltinnPril         liririr^ 

RGEST    PRESCRIPTION         OlUllUUDly,     UlLJUlO 


LAR 

BUSIKKSS  ON  THE  MKNOMINKK  RANGE. 

DOMESTIC  \  lMl'i)l<Ti;i)  CKIAUS. 

333  AND  335  Stephenson  Avenue. 


Siiiiilii'is'  .\rti<'lcs,  CiiiitiM  tidiicry   ainl   Miisiial    Mer- 
(■liaiiili'>i'       Nfusiia|iiT'.  ,iiiii  I'eriudicalfl. 


l.UniNHTON  STllFHT, 


IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


J.  E.  ROBBINS, 

FURNITURE, 


BOBBINS'  BLOCK,  IRON  MOUNTAIN. 


i  Sense  Sleichs. 


DAVID  BERGERON, 

Justice  Of  the  Peace 


XI.  (,i-   Alex.'ii  i<  Icr, 

Contractor  and  Mason. 


FIRE  INSURANCE  AGENT, 

li^oiT  l^dZoTTiTTAiiT,        .         n^icn.  [RQfj  MOUNTAIN.       "       MICHIGAN. 


Estimates  Furnished  on  all  Classes  of  Work  in   My 

Line.     All  kinds  of  Brick  LayinR  and  Mason 

Work  a  Specialty. 


ii6 


BUSINKSS    DlRELTORY    OK    IkON    MOUNTAIN,     MlCH. 


\\\t  Iron  JV^flntaii)  Insdreoce  J^eocj), 

OFFICE  AT  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK, 

DOES  A  GENERAL  INSURANCE  BUSINESS, 


Rki'Kesentini;  tii:-,  Followinc;  Comi'aniks: 

ASSETS. 

TKADKRS  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  of  Chica-u Si.345.574 

LIVERl'OOL  AND  LONDON   AND  GLOUE,  of  Liverpool fi.7<)3.57<' 

I-ONDON  AND  LANCASHIRE,  of  London i,f)i5,f>4i 

IMPERIAL,  of  London i,5S3,45o. 

LOND(~)N  ASSURANCE,  of  London i. 543.995 

HAMBURG-BREMEN,  of  Hamburg 1,129,604 

COMMERCIAL  UNION,  of  London 2,710,020 

NORTH   BRITISH  AND  MERCANTILE,  of  London 3,347,802 

GERMAN-AMERICAN,  of  New  York 5,286,24.1 

BOYLSTON,  of  Boston 909,87s 

CiERMAN,  of  Freeport 2, 187, 171 

CONNECTICUT,  of  Hartford 2,163,717 

AMERICAN,  of  Philadelphia 2,40i,95() 

FIRE  ASSOCIATION,   of  Philadelphia 4,512,782 

CiRAND  RAPIDS,  of  Cirand   Rapids 275.595 

WESTERN,  of  Toronto 1,039,232 

NIAGARA,  New  York    2,237,492 

HARTFORD,  of  Hartford 6,576,616 

INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NORTH  AMERICA  8,951,518 

PENNSYLVANIA  INSURANCE   CO 3.485,310 

CONTINENTAL  INSURANCE  CO 5,587,949 

NORWICH   UNION   INSURANCE  CO 5,008,237. 

ORIENT  INSURANCE  CO 1,939,223 

SUN   FIRE  INSURANC-E  CO 9,135,004 

PHOENIX  ASSURANCE  CO 7.430.536. 

yUEEN  INSURANCE  CO 6,845,120 

MICHIGAN  FIRE  AND  MARINE  INS    CO 841,713 

NORTHWESTERN  NATIONAL  INS.   CO i. 579.717 

NEW  YORK  UNDERWRITERS  ING    CO 3.726,345 

AMERICAN  EMPLOYERS  LIABILITY  INS.   CO. 
LLOYDS  PLATE  GLASS  INS.  CO. 


on 

(50 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

(HI 
00 
.00 


Any  and.  all  Business  intrusted  to  our  care  will  liave  Prompt  and 

Careful   Attention. 


LOSSES  PROMPTLY  AND  EQUITABLY  ADJUSTED. 


L.   T.    STERLING,   rvlANAGER. 


Business  Directory  oi    Iron  Mountain,   Mich. 


117 


;gei)c2, 1 


MESS, 


ASSliTS. 

..Si.  345. 57-1  75 
.  .  (J,7()3,57iMM 
.  1,615,041  00 
..  1,583.45"  "o 
..    1,543.01)3"" 

.  .     1,  I  21),  004  (HI 

2,7lf),02c)  00      ji 

.  ..     3.  347.  *<"-"" 
.  .  .     5,280,2411.110 

9oo,H7S  (10 
.  .  .  2,iH7,i7.i(io 
.  .  .   2,103,717,11a    ^ 

.  .  .      2,401,950  (10 

.  ..    4,512,782  .10 

275,595"'"    ^ 

...  1,039,232(10 

...  2,237,492.0" 

.  .  .  6,570,61(1  (10 

...  8,951,518  00 

.  ..  3.485.31""" 

5.587.949  <"> 

.  .  .  .  5,008,237  00 

1,939.223"" 

9, 135.004  "" 

7.430.53*'""    I 

.  .  .  .     6,845,1211  Od      I 
.  .  .  .         841,713  I'O      4J 

....  1,579.717""  ^ 

3.72f'.34.V"" 


L.  Parmenter,  Proprietor. 


F.  C.  CoLR,  Managkr. 


-<1CAR  LOTS  A  SPECILATY> 

-<LARGEST  STOCK  ON  THE  RANGE.I>o 

jfte  (ftg  [orober  Y^rd, 

IRON  MOUNTftIN,  MICH. 


ROUGH  AND 

DRESSED  LUMBER, 

FLOORING.  SIDING. 

SHINGLES.  LATH. 

SASH,  DOORS, 
MOULDINGS,  ETC. 


T'EIjEnX03;TE. 


MILLS  AT 

1NGALLSp.-?»VULCAN 

MICH. 


WM.    HOCKING. 

DEALER  IN  THE  FINEST 

Imported  Wines,  Liuuors  and  Cigars 

Pool.  Rooms  in  Connection. 
Stepbeiiaon  Avenue  and  Brown  Slrt-ct. 


M.  C.  GLEASON. 


DBALIK  IN 


"THE    BESSElx^EI^," 
ti:b  ranogmans'  resort. 

Choicest  Foreign  Wines  and  Liquors 

Finest  Brands  of  Cigars.    Imiwrted  Ales  and  Export  Lager. 

SOL.    I^TOEXjE. 
Opposite  Wood's  Stone  Block.        -        -       Lndington  Street. 

THE  CHAPIN  HOUSE, 

DEAI.KKS  IN 


ImDorted  and  Domestic  Liauors,    WiNES,  SPIRITS  AND  CiGARS 


WINES.  ALBS  AND  CIGARS. 


STBPHBNSON   AVBNUB. 


HASTINGS    &    HANCOCK, 


-DEALERS     IN- 


'rompt  and 


TED. 


[FRESH,   SALT  AND  SMOKED   MEATS 

Poultpy,  Lard,  Butter  and  Eggs.    Fruits  and  Vegetables  in  Season. 


^3i:^0"'U^iT 


STI^EET, 


Il^OlSr    l^^CDTJl^TT  JL.Z2>T. 


il 


»    V 


CHAl'TER    V. 

(CONTINl'KD.) 

thp:  town  of  Florence,  Wisconsin. 


I  HE    traveller    taking    the 
_L   western — train,  wliicli   pa 


morning — Chicago    &    Nditli 
passes  Iron   Mountain  at  eleven. 
reaches  Florence  in  ample  time  to  take  a  constitutional  ;iml  ^ 
"do"    Central  Avenue  before  repairing  to  his  hotel  for  iii> 
mid -day  meal. 

On  the   way  to  Florence,  which  is  thirteen  miles  north 
west  of  Iron  Mountain,  and  at  an  additional  elevation  of  15? 
feet,     you    pass    through     a    park    country,    diversified   In 
stretches    of    forest,   whose   tall    hardwood    and    tamaiiick 
trees,   wave   their   October   crests   golden  as   tassels   of  ripe  wheat,    over  the  mirrorc;ii 
bosoms   of   countless   lakes  which  spread   their  bare   breasts  iridescent  as   a   peacock's 
tail,    with    the    loud    reflections    of    flaming    woods.      Four    miles    out    and    you    cros> 
the  Menominee  river   and  enter  Wisconsin,  and  also  upon   a   stretch  of   idyllic  scenen 
At  Spread   Eagle   Lakes,  half  way   between   the  two   towns,  you  get  a  glimpse   of  tht 
celebrated  wastes  of  water  remarkable  for  the  fish  which  frequent  their  silent  pools,  the  ^ 
charming   diversity  of   their  shore   line,  and  for  the  reason  that   people  of  note  in  the] 
world  of  finance  and  fashion,  make  annual  pilgrimages  hither,  attracted  by  its  righteous 
reputation.      Here  is  a  summer  hotel  kept  by  Mr.  Chainey,  whose  steam-launch  connect;  \| 
with  the  trains,  and  who  equips  camping  parties  with  boats  and  other  necessary  para  p^ 
phernalia.      Five  miles  further  and  you  reach  Commonwealth,  where  in  obedience  to  the  ;^ 
demand  of  the  miners,  ;i  village  has  sprung  up  alongside  the  ore-bed  which  is  responsibk 
for    its    nomenclature.      The    attractions    of    Commonwealth    are    not    apparent    to   thi 
traveller.      They  rest   beneath   the   surface.      Practicall}',  it  is  an   adjunct   of   Florena 
from   which   it  is  only  one   mile  distant.      Up  to  this  latter  point  your  way   has  licer 
parallel  with  and  in  places   but  a  few  yards  distant  from   the  line  of   the  Escaiiaba,  In: 
Mountain  and  Western  railway,  built   by   the   Schlesingers,  and   sold  to  the  C.  &  N.  W 
people.      As  ye^,  it   is  ironed   only  as  far  as  Lake  Antoine.      One  mile   further   and  yo 
swing  into  the  spur  track  and  pull  up   alongside   the   station   platform  and  within  ])isi^ 
shot  of  deep  Fisher  I^ake.      We  know  the  origin  of  this  town's  baptism.      Stroll  with  n 
up  its  main  tlioroughfare,  and  listen  to  the  brief  tale  of  its  endeavor. 

In  October,  1873,  as  previously  related,  Mr.  H.  D.  Fisher  of  Menasha,  discoven 
the  mine,  which  is  located  on  the  N.  yi  of  N.  E.   '^  of  Sec.  20,  T.  40,  R.  18.      This  w,.- 
first  known  as  the  "Spread  Eagle."      The  property  then  acquired  also  included  S.  i:. 
and  N.  W.  of  N.  E.   '^  of  Sees.  21,  4c,  18.      Subsequently  Messrs.  Hagerman  and  \  i 
Dyke  secured   by  purchase   a  three-quarter  interest   in   the  property.      In  March,  i>\ 
Mr.  Fisher  laid  out  the  town  site,  and  the  same   month  placed  a  bunch  of  lots  upui  ti 


Thr  Mknominek  Iron   Range. 


119 


icago    &    North- 

intain  at  eleven, 

institutional  ami 

his  hotel  foi  his 

een  miles  north 
1  elevation  of  15S 
/,    diversified   In 
d    and    tamarack 
ver  the  mirrored 
t  as  a  peacock's 
:    and    you   cross 
{   idyllic  scenery. 
a  glimpse   of  the 
silent  pools,  the  | 
e  of  note  in  the: 
by  its  righteous  j 
launch  connect! 
necessary  para  | 
obedience  to  thel 
ich  is  responsible 
apparent    to   thtj 
met   of   Florence,'^ 
ur  way   has  beer.; 
le  Escatiaba,  Iror.^ 
o  the  C.  &  N.  ^V 
further   antl  youj 
and  within  pisto. 
Stroll  witii  mej 

nasha,  discovered 
R.  18.      This«i 
included  S.  l- 
igerman  and  \ar 
In  March,  i88o,| 
h  of  lots  upon  tliti 


:,;,rket.  "We'll  put  'em  in  at  government  prices,"  said  the  "man  from  Menasha," 
•■Sioo  for  the  ordinary  lots,  and  S150  for  the  corners.  Who  wants  'em?"  It  would  be 
nearer  the  mark  to  say,  who  didn't  want  them,  for  in  sixty  d.iys  Mr.  iMsher  had  sold 
>()o,ooo  worth  of  his  realty.  'J'he  population  at  that  time  was  about  50  people. 
Oriiiinally  part  if  the  counties  of  Marinette  and  Oconto,  a  new  county  was  created 
iliinugh  this  patriarch's  efforts  in  1882,  of  which  Florence  of  course,  is  the  county  seat, 
aiul  tinough  the  donation  on  the  part  of  this  progressive  promoter,  of  50  town  lots  for 
( lnuches.  school,  and  other  humanitarian  purposes,  the  news  of  its  competing  ailolesence 
spread  through  the  land.  Amongst  the  earliest  migrants  to  reach  its  aptitudes  was  Mr. 
William  Noyes,  who  opened  the  first  grocery  on  the  soutii  side  of  the  old  trail,  who  was 
followed  by  Mr.  Chris.  C.  Olin,  Mr.  A.  \l.  (iuensburg,  Mr.  J.  W.  Molloy,  Mr.  Kneebone 
and  others.  The  first  two  opened  up  e,\tensive  trading  establishments  almost  simul- 
taneously on  opposite  sides  of  the  Main  street,  the  latter  confining  himself  exclusively  to 
(hy  goods,  whilst  Mr.  Olin  dealt  in  general  merchandise.      The  experiences  of  the  latter 


as  related  by  himself   are 

and  the  conditions  of  the 

I  stock  in  trade  from  (Juin- 

[trails,  and    considered 

cargo.    Originally  located 

avenue,  he  peddled  goods 

zaar  was  tediousl}'  hauled 

[location.    May  12th,  1880, 

jlished,  with  H.  D.  Fisher 

[rying   the   mail    over   the 

|tures(iue     Q  u  i  n  n  e  s  e  c  . 

[was  noted  for  possessing 

y^  the  range,  the  Spread 

jenial    Jack     Armstrong. 

ibove    Fisher   Lake,    out 

sufficient   bass   and   pick- 


Mk.   H    JX   Fismkr. 


characteristic  of  the  man 
times;  he  hauled  all  his 
nesec,  over  horribly  bad 
three  kegs  of  nails  a  full 
at  the  corner  of  Central 
whilst  his  travelling  ba- 
up  street  to  its  present 
the  postoflice  was  cstab- 
in  charge,  he  himself  car- 
old  tote  roail  from  pic- 
Florence,  at  this  time, 
the  best  "rest"  house 
Eagle  House,  kept  by 
It  stood  on  the  bank 
of  whose  dark  waters 
erel   could   be  pulled  out 


|n  fifteen  minutes  to  satisfy  i  dozen  backwoodsmen.  The  timber  for  its  construction 
/as  hauled  all  the  way  from  Marinette.  The  country  was  an  luidisturbed  wilderness 
|n  the  earlier  days,  not  even  a  tote  road,  nothing  but  the  half  chopped  out  survey  lines 
ade  by  the  government.  But  why  re-draw  the  picture.  From  Waucedah  up  these 
Barly  chronicles  repeat  themselves.  Mining  development  hastened  it  to  fruition,  until 
lo-tlay  it  presents  to  the  investor  in  search  of  a  "good  thing"  the  following  list  of 
Ittractions; 

Florence  village  of  to-day — it  yo*^  remains  to  be  incorporated — comprises  an  area  of 
166  acres;  the  township  of  same  name  covers  an  area  of  171,698  acres,  and  the  county 
|f  I'^lorence  embraces  a  fruitful  territory  of  312,270  acres.  Its  exact  location  is  on  Sec. 
|l  and  28,  T.  40  N.,  R.  18  E.  The  length  of  its  streets  according  to  County  Surveyor 
S.  Simpson,  is  eight  miles,  with  an  ordinary  width  of  66  feet.  It  is  supolied  Vi'ith 
1,800  feet  of  water  mains,  and  20  hydrants,  and  you  can  pursue  your  reflective  perigri- 
lations  over  its  well  kept  sidewalks  for  four  statutory  miles.  Besides  the  original 
fisher  location,  the   1st  and  2d  Steele  and  Merrick   additions,  and  that   of   Dr.  Fortier 


\A 


I20 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


have  been  platted  and  attached  for  business  and  residential  purposes.  The  water  wnrks 
which  are  situated  on  the  lake  front,  consist  of  a  Knowles  pumping  plant,  which  supiHt^ 
sufficient  power  to  throw  streams  of  extinguishment  to  an  altitude  of  loo  feet  from  ti^'ht 
hydrants  at  the  same  time.  Mr.  W.  Noyes  is  Chief  of  Fire  Department,  which  is 
outfitted  with  two  hose  carts,  and  2,500  feet  of  hose.  It  has  an  excellent  general  system 
of  waterworks,  fed  by  the  lake,  which  is  a  mile  long.  The  town  is  lighted  by  electri(  ity. 
Mr.  F.  R.  Whittlesey  is  the  postmaster,  and  handles  weekly  an  average  of  4,000  letters 
and  1,000  papers,  etc. 

The  population  of  Florence  is  now  nearly  2,000,  and  the  volume  of  its  business  has 
been  estimated  at  $500,000  per  annum.  Hitherto  the  bulk  of  the  business  done  outside 
of  that  created  by  the  mines,  has  been  that  exacted  by  the  careless  expenditure,  by  the 
"river-driver"  and  the  "lumber-man."  When  it  is  known  that  31,000  men  art 
employed  in  the  handling  of  Wisconsin  saw-logs  and  hunber,  and  nearly  10,000  animals, 
an  idea  can  be  reached  of  the  extent  of  the  commissariat  and  general  outfitting  necessary 
to  equip  such  an  army  of  pacific  devastatioii.  Of  the  5,407,934  acres  of  merchantable 
standing  timber  in  Wisconsin,  Florence  county  contains  287,966,  consisting  of  white 
and  Norway  pine,  hemlock,  cedar,  maple  and  birch.  Of  the  grand  total  of  all  the  state, 
565,000  acres  is  covered  with  many  varieties  of  magnificent  hardwood. — I  have  been  to  j 
some  trouble  as  reference  to  the  figures  at  the  end  of  this  chapter  will  show,  to  make  a 
compilation  of  statistics  bearing  upon  the  timber  resources  of  the  states  invaded  by  the ; 
Menominee  Range. 

The    men   who   drive    the    logs    down   the    rising    floods   of  these  highland  rivers, 
their   co-adjutors    who  fell  the  trees    and   do   the    log-rolling    in    tl  ^    woods,    together! 
with    the    remainder   of  the   legion   engaged  in   kindred  avocations,   are  an    absohitelys 
distinct  and   certainly    peculiar  people.     From   the    "lumber-baron,"    who  is  reaping 
the  reward  of  his  earlier  rude  experiences,  to  the  hero  of  the  "sorting-boom,"  the  headj 
"river-god"  of  the  "drive,"  the   "mule-puncher"    of    the  tote-road,  or  the  prince  ot 
"pine-cruisers,"  they  are  for   the  most  part  made  out  of  the  same  extra  No.  1  quality! 
material,  and  all  of  whole  cloth.     This  same  compliment  cannot  be  extended  to  their 
garments,  which   though  decidedly  picturesque,  betraj'  an  element  of  shoddy.      In  their  j 
parti-colored  mackinacs,  the  members  of  this  Zingari  coated  crew,  of  many  nationalities, 
largely  composed  of   Canadian  French,  when  they  undertake,  as  is  their  not  unusiia! 
custom,  to  paint  the  town  scarlet,  never  omit  to  make  "  Rome  howl,"  and  the  echot?  0: 
these  frequent  centenaries  seldom  fail  to  reach  Florence.     When  the  lowering  tides  0: 
the   Michigammie  offer  no  opportunity  for  log-driving,  or  when  an  insufficient  snow-tai! 
makes  hauling  an  alleged  impossibility,  or  when  any  excuse  or  no  excuse  presents  itsel! 
if    his   head   aches,  and  he  thinks  a   swig  of   "Jim   Crow"    will   "knock  it  cold;"  on: 
doesn't  ache  and  he  aches  to  let  it  ache,  and  knows  that  Kentucky  sour-mash  will  "take 
the  trick;"   or  he  longs  to  "buck  the  tiger;"    or,  man  of  many  impulses — perhaps  sume 
what  negatively  good — even  his  heart  aches,  why  then  he  will  cache  his  cant-hook   an; 
visit  Florence,  and  there  divert  himself  according  to  his  mood,  and  to  the  limit  nt  ' 
physical  manhood,  and  his  "wad." 

Florence  has  some  fine  public  buildings.  Its  court  house  and  jail,  built  of  crcaraj 
colored  bricks,  with  blue  limestone  trimmings,  and  metal-shingled  roof,  are  hand-oniel 
structures  and  show  to  advantage  in  the  open  square  which  surrounds  them.     They  art. 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


I  21 


highland  rivers, 

woods,    together  \ 

re  an    absohitely 

who   is   reapind 

30om,"  the  headj 

or  the  prince  oi 

ctra  No.  i  quality 

xtended  to  tlieir 

hoddy.      In  their 

any  nationalities. 

their  not  unusuii 

and  the  echoes  t: 

owering   tidi'S  o: 

ufficient  snow-tai 

se  presents  itself 

ock  it  cold;"  or  i: 

r-mash  will  "takt 

s — perhaps  sr.nie 

is  cant-hook   an 

the  limit  o'  li- 


ul  course,  built  from  designs  of  Architect  Clancy,  and  costing  only  S2i,ooo,  grounds 
included,  present  probably  better  value  received  than  do  any  other  modern  buildings  in 
the  peninsula.  The  registers  of  the  public  school,  kept  by  the  principal,  Mr.  E.  D. 
Rounds,  show  a  daily  attendance  of  306  pupils.  Mr.  Hounds  is  assisted  by  nine  lady 
teachers.  A  library  containing  600  volumes,  is  attached  to  the  school  house,  which 
^o  contains  a  very  fine  assembly  room,  where.:-,  are  held  divers  legitimate  entertain- 
iits.  The  School  Board  consists  of  the  followi.ig  gentlemen:  A.  K.  Godshall,  G.  C. 
\'niings,  Julius  Boseman,  Chas.  La  Salle,  Mrs.  H.  Barnes,  Nelson  Norton  and  S.  T. 
r.(;attie.  The  County  Officials  whose  offices  are  located  in  the  new  court  house  are: 
Hon.    Omer    Hough,    Cou/Uy  Judge;    Wm.    Judge,   Sheriff;    E.    W.    Keyes,    Treasurer; 


ais 

IIU 


CouR'i    House  and  Jail,   Fiokkni  k. 

[.  E.  Parry,  Clerk;  Frank  Waring,  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court;  W.  C.  Haberkorn,  Registrar 
^J Deeds;  R.  Mitchell,  Coroner.  Mr.  VV.  H.  Clark  is  District  AUorney,  having  been 
sleeted  to  office  for  1885,  6,  7,  8  and  i8gi  and  '92.  Besides  being  the  only  resident 
lawyer,  he  operates  extensively  in  realty. 

Florence  is  under  the  executive  control  of  a  Board  of  Supervisors,  composed  of  the 
lollowing  gentlemen  who  are  zealous  in  their  endeavors  to  promote  the  interests  of  their 
prospering  town:  Chairman,  Mr.  Charles  Loughrey;  Members,  Mr.  Edwin  Ball  and  Mr. 
f.  W.  Molloy;   Town  Clerk,  Mr.  Frank  Waring. 

Mr.  Loughrey  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  shrewdest  merchants  in  the  place,  and  has 
lekl  his  o.Tice  continuously  since  his  election  at  the  date  of  organization.  The  history 
bf  h'lorence  is  bound  up  with  his  name,  as  practically  he  is  the  civic  father  of  the  town, 
knd  is  held  in  popular  esteem  from  Quinnesec  to  the  Gogebic.  Mr.  Ball  is  captain  of 
Ihe  Florence  mine,  and  as  a  practical  mining   expert  is  regarded   as  second  only  to  Mr. 


i 


122 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


J.  N.  Porter,  late  general  manager  of  the  Florence,  Iron  River  and  Stainbaut(h  niiiits, 
and  holds  the  respect  of  the  people.  Mr.  Molloy  is  the  leading  livery  man  of  the  t(.wn. 
and  apart  from  his  (lualifications  as  a  supervisor,  he  can,  whilst  equipping  you  witti  the 
breeziest  road  team  on  the  range,  entertain  you  with  a  string  of  the  latest  risijue  stories 
To  kindly  and  popular  Frank  Waring,  the  Board's  trusted  advisor,  I  am  as  elsewliere 
mentioned,  under  obligations. 

The  Florence  Mining  News,  established  in  1881  and  published  by  Mr.  Geo.  C 
Youngs,  is  accepted,  and  with  good  cause,  by  outside  mining  circles,  as  an  authority  on 
the  subject  of  range  development,  and  is  a  material  factor  in  the  advancement  of  local 
interests.      Th^  Mining  Nctvs  \ss.^  originally   established   by   Mr.  Atkinson  in  18H0,  wlin 


tmw-mtmm 

.    ,*  ■   ' 

I^Ka^VJ^^l^R  iyL-flffx  1^ 

# 

> 

Dr.   Cook's  Huniing  Camp. 


sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Chase  Osborne,  now  of  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  News,  and  Mr.  |. 
Tower  in  1883,  who  in  turn   disposed  of   the  good  will  to  Mr.  Geo.  Youngs,  the   present" 
proprietor,  in    1887.      The   assessable  property  of  the  town,   as  equalized,  amounts  ti '^ 
$771,000,  and   its  rate  of  taxation  lower,  it  is  claimed,   than  any  other  town  on  thf 
Menominee.      At  the  junction  of  the  Michigammie  river  with  the  Brule,  a  little  over  twc 
miles  distant,  the   waters  rush   over  a  fall  of  65  feet,  presenting   endless  power   for  tht 
driving  of  machinery  suitable  for  converting  the  utilizable  trees  of  the  forests,  into  pulp. 
and  every   possible  kind  of  manufactured   woodenware.      The  Paint   river  falls  also  are 
only  four  miles  from   the  railway  depot,  and   the    Pine  river  almost  at  its  door,      'lliest 
dense  thickets  are  the   ambush  of  all  the   big  game   animals  that  have  their  habitat  i: 
the  territt  y.     Bears,  wolves  and  fur-bearing  mammals  patrol  under  the  gloomy  aichf 
of  its  pines,  whilst  the  less  combative  but  more  curious  deer  frequent  the  clearings,  iiu 
which  the  woodman's  axe  has  invited  the  sunshine.      Unchecked  pot  hunting  undt  r  la' 


'  11 


TiiK  Mkvominee  Iron  Ranuk. 


'■^3 


ews,  and  Mr.  j.  ]. 
Lings,  the   present! 
ized,  amounts  to 
her  town   on  tliej 
i,  a  little  over  two 
2SS  power   for  the  I 
forests,  into  pulp. 
river  falls  also  are! 

its  door.  These 
e  their  habiUit  it 
the  gloomy  archen 

he  clearings,  intcj 
hunting  under  la\j 


:  1U-;  was  formally  indulged  in.  In  one  year  alone,  Mr.  Win.  N'oyes  sliipped  to  outside 
.  aikets  venison  worth  Sb.ooo.  Stringent  legislation  and  alert  game  guardians  now 
|M,ice  a  check  on  indiscriminate  slaughter.  At  the  present  time  the  only  open  montli  in 
Wisconsin  for  deer  shooting  is  November;  in  Michigan  it  is  October;  hence  from  bank 
I.I  bank  of  the  Brule  and  the  Menonnnee  -the  separating  state  bouiularies-the  wily 
liuiiter  rafts  his  (juarry  to  suit  the  emergency.  Deer  stalkers  from  all  quarters  congre- 
i^.ite  in  these  Wisconsin  woods,  for  the  climate,  scenery  and  sport  is  without  ecpial. 
lor  a  season  or  two  past  Dr.  A.  J.  Cook,  of  Cleveland,  and  a  party  of  kindred  spirits 
whti  have  together  hunted  deer  for  many  years  anil  in  many  places,  have  chosen 
I'iorence  county  as  their  stamping  ground.  "  Our  party  never  looks  for  profit,"  writes 
the  doctor,  "and  we  never  look  for  fur  bearing  animals,  we  simply  enjoy  an  outing  and 
yield  for  a  few  short  weeks  to  a  hereditary  desire  for  tiie  'chase,'  but  the  law  wliich 
l)ruvents  a   man   from   taking   his   game   home,  after  permitting   him  to  shoot  it,  and  so 


deprives  him  of  the  op- 
and  distribution,  robs 
lire."  The  difficulties 
protective  legislation  is 
a  view  of  Dr.  Cook's 
it  makes  a  characteristic 
with  the  left  hand  lig- 
the  names  of  these  hard}' 
Henry  Carter,  Ernest 
the  German  chef — Char- 
guide,  John  Be  a  vis 
(ieorge  Barnes,  Dr.  Al 
les  Doolittle. 

The  country  adja- 
bod  of  concealed  min- 
are  constantly  in  pro- 
bin,    who   first    opened 


Mr.  Chas.   Loughkey. 


portunity  of  exhibition 
him  of  half  the  pleas- 
of  framing  acceptable 
apparent.  I  introduce 
can)p,  taken  from  life; 
hunting  scene.  Starting 
ure  the  following  are 
exponents  of  woodcraft: 
Peck,  Harry  IC.  Cook — 
les  McDermott  (front) 
(rear),  Jas.  II.  Peck, 
bert  J.  Cook,  and  Ciiar- 

ceut  to  Florence  is  a 
eral,  and  explorations 
gress.  Capt.  Jas.  To- 
up  the  Commonwealth, 


:  has  recently  developed  the  Mayflower,  two  and  one-half  miles  southeast  of  PTorence; 
lO.  C.  Davidson,  F.  R.  Whittlesey,  J.  E.  Parry,  W.  A.  Curry,  G.  M.  Keyes,  F.  Waring 
and  P.  McGovern,  being  interested.  Wm.  Noyes  and  others  at  the  Buckeye  on  the 
W.  li  of  S.  E.  yl  of  Sec.  33,  T.  40,  R.  18,  have  from  a  g6-foot  shaft  drifted  into  a  first 
class  showing.  On  the  S.  E.  y^  of  Sec.  25,  T.  40,  R.  17,  the  Baird  Mining  Co.,  com- 
posed of  the  Guensberg  Bros.,  M.  St.  Peter,  of  Iron  River,  and  A.  Lustfield,  of  Crystal 
Falls,  have,  after  sinking  65  feet,  produced  a  stock  pile  of  300  Ions  of  black  magnetic 
[ore,  analyzing  64  metallic  iron.  The  country  is  alive  with  such  instances  but  the 
[discoverers  as  a  rule,  endeavor  to  keep  their  operations  a  close  secret. 

No  statistics  in  answer  to  my  request  have  been  furnished  by  the  officers  of  either 
[the  Commonwealth  or  Florence  mines.  The  officers  of  the  latter  are:  Pres.  Jno.  Scott, 
[N.  Y.  ;  Superintendent,  S.  T.  Beattie;  Captain,  E.  Ball.  Last  year  it  employed  5S0 
jmen,  and  produced  from  its  five  shafts  213,570  tons  of  non-Bessemer  brown  hematite, 
jiving  61  per  cent,  of  iron.  Its  total  production  since  the  date  of  first  shipment  in  1880, 
lis  960,065  tons.      The  royalty  now  paid  by  the  operators  is  24  cents  on  every  ton  of   ore 


1^4  I*"'   Mknominke  Ikon  Kanue. 

ovi>r  15,000  mined,  jiiul  40  crnts  on  :i  tiiiiiiiiinin   output.      A  tluer-foiirtlis  inl«'n!st  in  llic 
I'MoitMRo    was    sold    last    year   for   $350,000   easli   to   the   Sildesinner   Syndiiatu.       I  he 
(loninionweallli  inin«'  piodiucd  last   year  i  i<»,7tS()  tons.      In  iHHo,  tlie  first  year  of  opna 
tion    it    produced    9,043    tons.       Its   total    to  ilate    is   717,344.      Otto   C.    Davidson   is 
Superintendent. 

Facts  of  interest  and  worth  knowing;,  in  connection  with  the  timber  product  of  ilic 
l'iiit«'d  Slates.  CompiU-d  from  olfu  iai  sources,  with  es|)ecial  reference  to  the  states  ol 
Mil  lii(;an  and  Wisconsin,  and  the  Menominee  Iron   lian^*': 

III  iSi)(i  tilt"  iiuhiIht  of  Mills,  l'';u((irirs,  rlc,  in  Micliig.iii  was '>')S7 

Wisronsin  was H<>j 

Caiiital  iiivi'stcil  in  Miilii^aii f  1 1 1,302,797 

Wisioiisin 84,580,023 

Average  nuinlicr  nf  I  lands  t  inploytil  in  MichiKan   ,|.j,<ioo 

Wisconsin .M,""" 

\Van«'s  paid  in  Miclii^an $  >'i.>*i3..3.15 

Wisconsin «,«i3,  i«8 

Total  value  of  I'ii>duits  ;iod  Ko-nianufacturcs  in  Michigan $  08,141,189 

Wisconsin 4<), 547, 410 

Thf  town  of  Mcnomitu'c  r.inks  .><'.<';/i/ in  the  six  jirincip.d  lumber  producing  cities  of  the  NorthwosliTii 
States  In  iSSo  it  ranked  si\//i,  showing  a  total  value  of  $1,21)4,834;  today  its  value  of  mill  products  is 
pl!ic<'d  al  S4. joS,(iS().  Tlie  i)roduct  of  its  sister  city  of  Marinette,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  in  Wis 
cousin,  is  v.ilued  at  *.:,4Jo,Soi.  The  consumption  of  tinilier  at  these  two  points,  in  i8()o,  was  450,000, doo 
feet.  I. umbering  establishments  in  these  places  yet  own  about  4,000,000,000  feet  of  standing  timber.  A 
sulVicient  supply  for  another  decade. 

In  the  wooils  of  Michigan  o,  .;.)o  .animals  are  employed  in  logging,  etc. ;  in  Wisconsin  the  number  is(),i|  jd 

In    Michigan   there  are    101.  ,ind  in   Wisconsin   there  are  45  establishments  engaged  in  the  following 

industries,  viz.:     The  m.inufacture  of  handles,  chair-stock,  etc.,  tubs,  pails,  churns,  miscellaneous  wooden 

ware,  hoops,  paving  blocks,  hubs,   spokes,   wagon  stock,  agricultural   implements,  etc.,  with  an   aggreg.iti' 

business  valued  at  $2,<)24.8o()  and  S2, .200.024  respectively. 

Not  one  cent's  worth  of   these  neces.saries  are  manufactured  in  the  towns  of  the  Menominee  Rant^e 

Who  will  come  and  experiment  for  one  tithe  even  of  the  local  trade  now  begging  for  local   manufactures' 

In  Michigan  the  number  of  establishments  using  water  power  exclusively  is  138;  in  Wisconsin  137. 

During  the  decade  ended   May   31,  i8i)o,  it   is  estimated  that  in  Michigan  Gg,8G7  acres  of  timber  were 

burned  over  by  forest  fires,  and  in  Wisconsin  40,341,  killing  an  estimated  344,925,000  feet  (board  measure) 

of  standing  timber. 

In  Michigan  279  miles  of  logging  railways  are  operated;  in  Wisconsin  100  miles. 

The  estimated  area  of  merchantable  timber  lands  in  all  Michigan  to-day  is  4,040,343  acres.  Of  700,000 
acres  of  Forest  in  Ikon  county,  tril)utary  to  Crystal  Falls,  450,000  acres  is  covered  with  merchantal)l(' 
timber. 

The  merchantable  timber  of  Wisconsin  covers  an  aiea  of  5,407,934  acres.     Of    this  Florence  county 

contains  287,9()()  acres  out  of  an  area  of  307,800  acres  of  forest  land,  and  tributary  to  the  town  of  Fi-oren'  e, 

Michigan  contains  about  2,602,505  acres  of  pine  land,  white  and  Norway  (standing  timber);   218, 48()  ot 

hemlock;  91,067  of  cedar.  413,545  of  various  soft  woods;   10,025  of  ^^^'-  Si, 299  of  beech,  birch  and  ma]il(', 

1.238  of  ash;  35.199  of  elm  and  586,919  acres  of  various  hard  woods. 

Wisconsin  contains  about  4, 104,308  acres  of  pine  land,  white  and  Norway  (standing  timber);  126,65s  of 
hemlock;  14  100  of  cedar;  Oci7,470  of  various  soft  woods;  20, 195  of  oak;  9,900  of  beech,  birch  and  maplf. 
1680  of  elm,  and  433.557  acres  of  various  hard  woods. 

The  huge  crucible  of  wealth  formed  by  the  valley  of  the  Menominee  Range,  is  boiling  over  with  the 
profitable  essence  of  trade,  who  will  come  with  the  ladle  of  industry  and  grow  rich  on  even  the  skimmings 
of  its  present  waste? 


FLORENCE,  WISCONSIN. 


It  is  tlic  County  Sent  <>l   l'"loi(riici'  County. 

It  liiis  a  population  of   2oou. 

It  has  a  Weekly  Newspnper. 

Ten  years  a^o  it  was  prartically  a  forest;  to  'lay  it  is  lit<litf!cl  by  Electricity,  lias  a 
■Acll ciiuippttd  Fire  lirifj^udc  and  has  a  ^'ood  system  of   Water  Works. 

It  has  8,000  yards  of  Sidewalk. 

It  has  a  Higll  School,  costinji  ?1 10,000. 

It  has  three  District  Schools. 

It  has  one  Presbyterian  Chtirch,  one  English  Methodist,  one  Swedish  Metho- 
dist, one  Lutheran,  and  one  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Tiu;  yc^arly  Retail  Trade  of  Florence  is  estimated  at  Jli, 000,000. 

It  has  a  Theatre  and  an  Opera  House. 

Its  Assessable  Property,  as  e(|nali/,ed,  amounts  to  S77 1,000. 

Its  rate  per  cent,  in  Taxations  is  the  lowest  o(  any  town  in  the  MtMiominee  Kanf^e. 

It  has  one  of  the  largest  Mines  in  the  Menominee  Kange,  witiiin  one-rpiarter  of  a 
mile  from  tlie  village. 

Its  facilities  for  Water  Powers  cannot  he  excelled. 

It  has  thousands  of  acres  of  Mineral  Lands  yet  unexplored.  Ojjtions  can  Ik; 
obtained  on  these  lands  at  a  Reasonable  Royalty  for  the  purpose  of  (.'xijloring  for 
iiiincral. 

It  offers  Inducements  to  manufacturers  for  erection  of  Factories,  etc. 

It  is  within  two  miles  from  the  Commonwealth  Mine,  oiie  of  the  leading  shippers 
iin  the  Rang(!. 

It  has  several  very  promising  explorations  within  four  miles  of  the  Villaf,'e. 

It  is  near  the  mouth  of  the  Paint,  Pine,  Bride  and  Michigammie  J<ivers,  where  all 
the  principal  Log  Driving  is  carried  on. 

Its  Insurance  rate  is  from  one  to  five  per  cent.,  the  leadinj;  board  Insurance 
Companies  being  represented. 

CHAS.   LOUGH REY, 
EDWIN   HAEL, 

FRANK  WARING,  J.   W.    MOELOY, 

Town  Clerk.  Board  of  Supervisors. 


School  House,   Florence. 


FLORENCE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST  OF   ADVERTISERS. 


Attiirney— 

Clakk,  \Vm.  H. 


Bnnk- 


Statk  Hank  ok  Fi.okknck, 
K.  E  Wilcox,  Cash'r. 


liutcher — 

Knkehonk,  K    J. 

C';\77  Iiiif,ntiecr — 

Simpson,  Ciias.  S. 

Dry  Gixnis — 

(iUEN.iBl'R(i,   A.   E.  &  K. 


General  Merrhants — 
NovBs,  W.  W, 
Omn,  C   C. 
Smith  &  LouciHKKV. 

Livery — 


(I.  C.  DAVIDSON,  Prro't.      B.  D.  FISHKR.  V.-Pres'l.     t.  K.  WILCOX,  Cuhier, 

DIKEfTOHS. 

I'etor  M('(invtTH,  H.  A.  llaiiHeii,  O.  C.  I»Hvl<i»on. 

Ollvt-r  Eviinn,        K.  E.  Wilcox,       C'lmrles  I-oughrey, 

il.  I).  FiHher. 


State  Bank  of  Florence 

CAPITAL,  $30,000.00. 


Moi.i.oY,  J.  W. 
CHARLES  S.   SIMPSON, 

PRACTICAL  CIVIL  ENGINEER, 

Land  Sukvhyor  and  Draiu.htsman, 
fl.orenc£,  wis. 


j    Sitniy'ii-  for  /•'Icii'iin'   Cutiuly,    lute    /^ruiii^lilsiiiiin  /,', 
I         /■:.,  /,  Af.  i5-  W.  A',  h'.     Nin,    V.urs'  Expeviciu,- 

A  Gknkkai,  Banking  Businkss  Transactkd  i  "«  the  M.nominfc  /\'</«<,v. 

^iVft^itt  ■'(    Luwt!st    Rates  on  all   part-;  of  the  Old       Uine  Burveyinv.  Town  Bites  and  Additions  Platted,  Hln< 
**        '  Country,   also  on   Chicago,  Milwaukee 


and  New  York. 


W     W.    NOVKS, 


eral  and   Timber  Lands  Examined.    Surveys  made  for 
Projected  Railway  Lines,  or  River  Improvements. 

EsTAHI-ISHKD     1880 


DEALER  IN 


I        J.  W.  MOLLOY, 
groceries,  pro\/isioi)s,  FloOr,  Etc.-  liverv. 


Central  Ave., 
RUORENCB,   WISCONSIN. 


ALL  KINDS  OF 

FURS  AND   DEER   HIDES 

BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 


Sale  and  Exchange  Stable, 

ALSO    JOBBER    IN 

Central  Avenue,  FLORENCE,  WIS 


** 


A.  E.  &  E.  QUENSBURO, 

PROPRIETORS    OF    THE     FAMOUS 

CHICAGO  store: 


THE  OLDEST  DRY  GOODS  STORE  NORTH  OK  THE  MENOMINEE  RIVER, 

Enjoy  the  Reputation  of       TImi.    f^nnrlrT        f^lnJiVi-iTi?!       Boots,    Shoes,      Hats,     Caps, 
Carrying  the  Largest  and      lirV    iTniinA       IjinnniTIQ       Furnishinc;    Goods,    Cakpkts, 

^W     '-*"""^>      UlUl/IUIl^,     Tri  NKS,    Etc  ,   on    the  Ran^e 

SPECIAL    attention    IS    GIVEN    TO 


Best  Stock  of 

SUPPLYING  LUMBER  AND  EXPLORING  GAMPS. 

GOODS    IN    LARGE   QUANTITIES    SOIJ)    AT    WHOLESALE    PRICES. 


r' 


Bl'SINKSS    DlRKCIOKV    ()!■     FlORKNCK,     WiS. 

Eaxji.riLxaixEr)    IGOC. 


'•57 


SMITH  &  LOUGHREY, 

GENKRAL     M  KRCH  ANl^ISE, 

£umbermeri'::  and  3/tirLirig  5uppliec, 


RLORENCB.  in^IS. 


C.    C.    OLIN, 

DKAI.KK    IN 

Groceries,J)r^  G^^^S,  (jSthiog, '^^^S  and^hoes, 

HATS  AND  CAPS,  CARPETS,  ETC. 


R.J.  KNEEBONE, 


DKAI.EK     IN 


FFesl:),Salt#SnQoixed  Meats, 

Vegetables,  Butter,  Eggs, 

Poultry  and  Game  in  Season. 

QUINNESEC  STREET,  FLORENCE,  WIS. 


'^€.^^  B^i^it^  :f\^^-ni.^^^^^ 


WM    H.  CLARK, 
Attorney  and  Counsellor, 

FLORENCE,  WIS. 

Commissioner  of  Deeds  for  Mich.  COLLECTIONS  A  SPECIALTY. 


CHAF'TKK     V 

(CONTINURD) 


THE  TOWN  or  CUVSTAL  FALLS,    MiClIKiAN. 

f^  KOCiRAPlllCALLY,  almost  last  on  tlir 
1  "tt  list  i>f  urban  attractions  which  I  prom 
^-^^^  isec!  you,  but  sonunvhat  like  the 
postscript  to  a  woman's  hitter,  in  the  matter 
of  its  importance,  Crystal  I'alls,  the  judinil 
seat  of  Iron  Coimty,  now  insists  upon  your 
undivided  attention. 

Nine  miles  from  Stager,  the  junction  of  tin- 
Iron  River  branch  with  the  Falls  branch,  aiul 
which  junction  is  six  miles  from  F'loreiu  e, 
this  unincorporated  mountain  town  of  ', ':>fuL;o 
for  crystal  streams,  mineral  waters,  astute 
explorers,  and  keen  men  of  business,  lies  on 
the  slope  of  a  high  hill's  summit,  and  with  its 
painted  modern  residences,  a  melange  of  yd 
lows,  browns,  and  blues,  appears  to  the  trav- 
eller if  he  approaches  by  the  wagon  road  from 
the  east  bank  ^.  Jie  Paint  river,  like  a  mari- 
gold or  a  huge  marguerite  planted  in  a  bed  of  living  moss,  with  its  lofty  Court  house  - 
whose  foundations  rest  on  an  elevation  of  230  feet  from  the  river's  level^ — peering  from 
the  city's  centre  a  petal  of  masonry.  The  railway  station  at  Crystal  Falls  is  52  feet 
above  Florence,  and  760  feet  above  Lake  Michigan.  This  altitude  you  can  within  ten  min- 
utes walk  increase  by  300  feet  additional  if  you  care  to  ascend  the  clock  tower  of  its  noble 
court  building,  from  the  open  gallery  of  which  the  kneeling  lands  of  the  adjacent  country 
— exaggerated  tidal  waves  of  greenest  vegetation — go  rolling  and  skipping,  a  sea  of 
curving  mountains  into  near  and  very  heavenly  horizons. 

Whether  any  such  exalted  ideas  as  these  entered  into  the  considering  caps  of  Silas 
C.  Smith  of  Marquette,  who  is  credited  with  being  the  first  discoverer  of  ore  in  tlie 
district,  or  of  Col.  Whittlesey,  who  exploited  the  country  in  the  early  'Go's,  it  is  not 
my  province  to  determine.  How  these  tales  of  discoveries  later  led  to  actual  develop 
ment  is  explained  by  Mr.  A.  P.  Swineford  (Annual  Review  of  Lake  Superior  Mines,  1881 1 
who  quotes  John  N.  Armstrong  as  the  first  practical  pioneer,  and  whose  investigations 
led  to  the  development  of  what  is  now  the  Mastodon,  and  of  the  Shelden  and  Schaftr, 
which  subsecjuently  became  the  Union  mine.  Mr.  F.  G.  Clark,  county  surveyor,  writes 
that  "early  in  1880,  the  Maltby  Bros,  and  Ephraim  Coon  took  an  option  on  that  portion 
of  Sec.  20,  T.  43,  R.  32,   now  known   as  the    'old  Crystal  Falls  mine,'   and  worked   it 


ThF.   MFNOMINEf   TroN   Ranor. 


139 


until  the  followiriB  Octob"!,  wlieii  they  siirremh^rcl  the  option  to  (Ico.  Kunkcl  and  S.  D. 
i !(. Ulster."  Hoth  of  these  latter  jjentlenu-n  playeil  an  active  part  in  the  atnplifyiiin  of 
i.ilur  iliscovcrics,  and  were  largely  iiistrnmtMital  in  the  creation  and  early  growth  ot  this 
l,li\sically  gifted  village.  Contemporary  with  these  operati(»ns,  Capt.  Frank  Uaher, 
.itiotlier  mining  expert  who  had  graduated  in  the  Norway  district  in  the  earlier  days, 
i«  ill  lied  the  Falls  in  the  winter  of  iHHo,  directed  hither,  as  he  told  me  by  enterprising 
Ml.  Hreitun^.  I  le  located  on  this  same  Sec.  jo,  on  which  he  hiiilt  a  log  shanty,  and 
with  his  party  of  hve  traversed  the  Paint  river   until  he  discovered,  after  a  few  months' 

e.xplorinj,',  a  mine,  which  was  christened 
after  the  stream  whose  hoisterons  torrent 
washeil  its  base.  1  he  option  for  this  was 
secured  for  Mr.  lireituufi,  Mr.  John  McKenna 
and  Dr.  liond.  In  iS.Si,  tbis  indefatigable 
inipiisitor  laid  bare  in  Sec.  21,  the  hitherto 
hidden  secrets  of  another  deposit,  the  Great 
Western,  ordinarily  known  as  the  North 
Star.  The  option  of  this  was  secured  by  Cieo. 
Kunkle,  S.  T.  Ifollister,  and  A.  C.  Hall. 
These  two  were  the  first  mines  operatt-d 
in  the  district,  but  tiieir  example  heli)ed  to 
inspire  other  operators  to  more  heroic 
efforts,  for  with  the  advent  of  that  prince  of 
colonizers,  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
railway,  a  branch  line  of  which  was  constructed 
from  Stager,  to  tap  this  hot  bed  of  hema- 
tite, seven  mines  in  i^i82  were  ready  to  prac- 
tically embrace  transportation  opportunities, 
and  that  season  jointly  shipped  of  their 
superlative  minerals  to  eastern  furnaces, 
42,111  long  tons.  These  were  the  Crystal 
I'alls,  Fairbank,  Great  Western,  Mastodon,  Paint  River,  Shelden  &  Schaefer  and 
^'oungSlOwn,  and  thus  from  these  northern  peaks — a  mineral  empyrean — was  fired  the 
first  industrial  rocket  which  was  destined  to  inflame  with  its  inagnitude,  the  attention  of 
those  of  the  world  of  capital  who  hastened  to  surrender  their  "collateral"  as  hostages 
of  their  working  intentions. 

The  creation  of  Crystal  Falls  as  a  town-site,  is  due  to  the  implicit  confidence  in  its 
tiiture,  entertained  by  S.  D.  Hollister,  Sr. ,  and  George  Runkel,  who  reached  the  place 
September  18,  1880.  Here  their  premeditated  jaunt  into  the  Agogebic  country  was 
forgotten  in  the  astounding  discoveries  as  related  to  them  by  Henry  Maltby.  Realizing 
tliat  the  region  was  inconceivably  rich  in  iron  ore,  they  organized  the  Crystal  Falls  Iron 
("ompany,  and  together  with  Jas.  H.  Howe,  purchased  the  land  ujion  whicli  a  portion  of 
the  village  now  stands,  from  Guido  Pfister,  who  had  bought  originally  direct  from  the 
f,'overnment,  and  in  1881  commenced  to  lay  out  the  property  in  town  lots.  Close  upon 
their  heels  came  J.  E.  Bower,  druggist,  in  June,  1881,  who  erected  the  first  building  in 
this  backwoods  camp.     This  was  a  cottage  for  Mr.  Runkle,  and  stood — and  for  that 


CouKT  House. 


I30 


Thk  Mknom  nke  Iron  Range. 


matter  yet  stands,  disguised  with  modern  adornment — under  the  same  roof  as  that  of  tliu 
present  handsome  residence  of  Capt.  J.  C.  Roberts,  at  tlie  head  of  Superior  street,  upon 
which  highway  there  stood  the  camp  of  loggers  and  axemen,  engaged  in  cutting  out  this 
leading  thoroughfare.  All  of  the  personal  effects  brought  by  Mr.  Bower  at  this  time 
had  to  be  "packed,"  carried  on  the  shoulders,  tied  with  a  "tump  line,"— a  broad 
leather  strap  which  rested  on  the  forehead — from  the  nearest  bridge  over  the  Brule  rivti, 
nine  miles  distant.  In  1881  the  prospecting  population  came  by  stage  from  Florence. 
In  the  spring  of  1882  the  very  wolves  trembled  in  their  lairs  on  the  heights  that  over- 
hung the  roaring  Michigammie,  for  above  its  tumultuous  din  the  scream  of  the  firs' 
locomotive  awoke  the  sleeping  bears  a  month  too  soon,  and  established  direct  business 
communication  with  the  world  at  large.  In  1881  came  another  pioneer,  a  man  of  pusii, 
e.xperience  and  prominence,  in  the  person  of  Jerome  B.  Schwartz.  Mr.  Schwartz,  it 
will  be  remembered,  was  referred  to  in  Mr.  Whitehead's  narrative,  as  captain  of  tliu 
Breen  Mine  at  Waucedah  in  1877.      Of  this  same  Mr.  Schwartz  it  was  written  in  Swim,- 


iord'  s  Annual  Rfvieia,  1880, 
nection  with  the  Vulcan 
possessed  of  the  power  to 
hundred  feet  of  drift  and 
could  have  done  better 
mine  in  its  different  parts." 
Capt.  Schwartz  made  him- 
liome.  He  discovered  the 
own  account  the  Maggie, 
unteer,  but  considering 
Tilden  mines  at  Negaunee 
degree  of  his  prescience 
erected  a  store,  also,  and 
iness,  for  though  subse- 
tion,  there  were  but  forty 
town  plat  proper,  some  600 


Mr.  Jerome  B.  Schwartz. 


in  reference  to  his  con- 
mine,  "that  had  he  been 
see  plainly  through  a 
rock,  it  is  doubtful  if  lie 
in  his  opening  up  of  tin 
As  a  mineral  detective, 
self  notable  in  his  new 
Alpha,  exploring  on  his 
Windfall,  Lincoln  and  Vol- 
that  he  had  charge  of  the 
as  far  back  as  1865,  the 
is  not  astonishing.  He 
embarked  in  a  general  bus- 
quent  to  railway  connec- 
persons  residing  in  the 
men  were  employed  in  the 


mines,  and  at  the  sawmill,  whilst  back  in  the  woods,  hundreds  of  men  were 
occupied  in  getting  out  the  saw-logs.  During  the  period  that  followed,  Mr. 
Schwartz  realizing  the  future  of  Crystal  Falls,  invested  extensively  in  real  estate, 
acquiring  the  "addition"  which  is  known  by  his  name,  and  continuously  pros- 
pered, finally  building  a  handsome  residence  on  Fifth  Street,  at  a  cost  of  $8,000— which 
for  interior  decoration  and  finish  has  scarcely  an  equal  north  of  Milwaukee — and  ulti 
mately  being  elec':ed  10  the  presidency  of  the  Village  Board.  The  opportunities  thus 
shrewdly  embraced  by  Mr.  Schwartz,  still  present  themselves  in  a  more  alluring  and 
desirable  form,  in  the  Crystal  Falls  of  to-day,  which  offers  advantages  of  signal  singu- 
larity to  the  wise  ones  who  will  industriously  study  its  special  list  of  commerci  il 
possibilities. 

Though  the  good  people  of  Crystal  Falls  are  terribly  addicted  to  the  wholesnii 
consumption  of  the  perennial  waters  of  their  native  spring,  towards  which  it  is  r.o 
uncommon  sight  to  see  a  procession  of  citizens — an  army  of  cup  bearers — marching  for 
a  matutinal  drink  down  Superior  Street,  there  are  yet  some  who  find  comfort  in  a  good 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


13' 


le  Brule  river, 
3111  Florence, 
lits  that  ovt;i- 
1  of  the  fits' 
irect  business 
man  of  pusli, 
.  Schwartz,  it 
aptain  of  tlic 
tten  in  Swim - 
to  his  con- 
had  he  beiMi 
through  a 
loubtful  if  lie 
ng  up  of  tilt 
al  detectivi.', 
in  his  now 
oring  on  his 
icoln  and  Vol- 
charge  of  the 
as  1865,  the 
ishing.  lie 
a  general  biis- 
Iway  connec- 
ding  in  tlie 
ployed  in  the 
[  men  were 
illowed,  Mr. 
real  estate, 
luouslj'  pros- 
!8, 000— which 
:ee — and  ulti- 
)rtunities  thus 
alluring  ami 
signal  singu- 
f    commercial 

:he  wholespic 
lich  it  is  1:0 
marching  inr 
Drt  in  a  gocJ 


OH  ktail,  a  taste  acquired  possibly  in  the  days  of  Tony  Hardinge,  who  was  the  first 
saloonkeeper  in  the  precincts,  and  which  acquirement  partly  from  curiosity  and  certainly 
more  through  force  of  habit  than  carnal  desire,  is  yet  occasionally  manifested  by  some 
estimable  citizens  in  a  visit  to  Doucet's  modern  sample  room,  from  whose  windows  the 
mineral  water  contingent — residents  and  tourists — can  be  seen  renewing  their  vitality  at 
the  Sulphur  Springs  on  Mr.  Schwartz'  corner  lot  opposite.  For  some  time  past  it  has 
i)ecn  an  open  question  whether  Crystal  Falls  will  eventually  obtain  greater  prominence 
from  its  being  the  focus  of  an  extraordinary  number  of  active  mines,  or  from  the  fact 
that  it  is  the  site  of  a  wonderful  spring,  whose  healing  waters  uninterruptedly  gush  from 
a  natural  fountain  at  the  foot  of  its  main  street,  where  it  offers  its  calcic  flood — a  tested 
J oiil  of  Siloam — to  afflicted  humanity.  Judge  Grant,  a  short  time  since,  sent  samples 
of  this  water  to  Professor  V.  C.  Vaughan,  Ph.  D.  M.  D.  of  Hygiene  and  Physiological 
Ciiemisty;  Director  of  the  Hygienic  Laboratory,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor, 
for  analysis.     The  following  is  Mr.  Vaughan' s  verdict: 


C'iKAINS  I'KK  (iAI.l.ON. 

Sodium  Chloride o.6.j 

Potassium  Chloride,  traces 

Silica 0.37 

Alumina    o.oi) 

Nitrates  and  Nitrites  absent 

Organic  matter i.oO 


The  water  is  clear,  o.lorless  and  neutral. 

CiuAiNs  PKR  Gallon. 

Total  solids 11.66 

Loss  liv   ignition 3.09 

Residue  after  ignition 8.57 

I'rct'  .\mmonia 0.003 

Cikiiim  Sulphate 2.33 

Cnlrium   Carbonate 4.04 

Mafjnesium  Carbonate 3. 14 

This  is  a  good  Calcic  water.  The  ('rystal  Falls  water  contains  less  organic  matter,  Alumina  and 
Siliiii  than  the  Bethesda,  and  these  are  decided  advantages.  Moreover,  the  large  amount  of  Calcium 
Carbonate  in  the  Rethesda  water  is  not  a  virtue.  On  the  whole,  I  should  say  that  the  comparison  is 
favorable  to  the  Crystal  Falls  water. 

Respectfully, 
[Signed.]     V.  C.   VAUGHAN, 

Prof.  Chcmistiy  .Inn  .Ir/'or  UniTt-r.u/y. 

Mr.  Peter  Larson  of  Florence,  a  practical  interpreter  of  "what's  what,"  with  a 
degree  of  business  foresight,  which  in  the  lighc  of  results  can  only  be  regarded  as  second 
sight,  has  established  bottling  works  alongside  the  spring,  and  as  the  potency  of  its 
qttalities  have  reached  a  more  than  local  fame,  he  has  had  to  enlarge  his  worls  in  order 
to  meet  the  demand  for  this  bottled  elixir.  Already  travellers  from  afar  visit  the  place 
solely  for  the  purpose  of  indulging  in  its  systematic  potation,  and  as  according  to 
Dr.  Vaughan  it  excels  the  celebrated  Bethesda  water  of  Waukesha,  it  is  only  a  matter 
of  time  before  its  use  becomes  universal  among  the  suffering  multitudes,  whose  physical 
clock-work  needs  simple  but  heroic  cleansing. 

*  *  *  H:  ^;  *  *  * 

During  the  year  which  witnessed  the  incoming  of  the  iron  horse,  multitudes  of  men 
as  a  sequence  followed.  This  new  mineral  Mecca  presented  a  combination  of  attractions, 
in  variety  somewhat  to  the  more  stereotyped  inducements  offered  by  its  eastern  rivals. 
It  was  newer,  indeed  it  was  the  newest,  and  it  was  odd,  from  a  pictorial  standpoint 
essentially  odd;  for  it  rested  on  the  tilted  mountain  side,  aggravatingly  like  a  good-look- 
ing girl  in  a  ship's  deck-chair,  waiting  to  be  embraced  with  all  its  wealth  of  native  chartii. 
And  men  of  all  nations  and  of  as  many  varying  degrees  in  the  maiter  of  pluck,  wisdom, 
acquisitiveness  and  capital,  as  there  are  eggs  in  an  ant-hill,  came  along  and — embraced  it. 


I  I 


132 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


Mr.  H.  W.  Harte's  Residence. 


In  1 88 1  arrived  D.  C.  Lockwdod, 
D.  Eannerman  and  Dr.  H.  C. 
Kimball  and  Mrs.  Kimball,  tiie 
first  resident  lady  in  the  place: 
then  Al.  Austrian,  O.  O.  Welch, 
R.  Dawson,  L.  M.  Tyler,  Frank 
Scadden,  Dr.  J.  L.  Kimball, 
Martin  Ragan,  J.  H.  Elmore, 
Charles  Henry,  K.  S.  Buck,  now 
oi  Iron  Mountain,  W.  Doui  et, 
now  proprietor  of  the  Crystal 
Falls  Opera  House,  the  best  of 
its  kind  on  the  range,  and  as 
an  absolutely  first-class  "show" 
hall,  second  to  none  on  the  pen- 
insula. Following  these,  Nicho- 
las Lachapelle,  restaurateur, 
surrendered  to  the  picture  presented,  as  did  Dr.  A.  A.  Metcalfe,  a  successful  prac- 
titioner, whose  reputation  preceded  him.  Chas.  Gallagher,  J.  P.  and  Ex-Deputv 
Sheriff  Walsh  IJ.i  into  line,  and  joined  the  procession  up  the  slope,  in  the  footsteps  of 
Andrew  Vandandaigue,  who  built  the  second  dwelling  house  in  the  village,  in  August, 
1881.  J.  Brown  the  "wet  goods"  merchant  arrived  in  1882  with  a  view  to  "qualifying" 
the  effects  of  the  mineral  water,  and  on  his  tracks  came  Carl  Pardee,  Wm.  Russell, 
R.  Flood,  Geo.  Freman  and  Captains  W.  H.  Morrison  and  Frank  Pioker.  In  October 
of  1882,  Mr.  E.  E.  Dunn,  discoverer  of  the  Metropolitan  Mine,  and  uow  Registrav  of 
Deeds  and  County  Clerk,  commenced  exploring  on  the  Youngstown — the  old  Brier  Hill- 
Mining  Co. 's  property,  later  discovering  the  Clare  Mines.  Mr.  Dunu  was  elected  to 
office  first  in  1886,  and  still  remains  in  harness  in  evidence  of  popular  opinion.  His 
declaration  as  to  the  richness  of  the  district  is  worth  framing.  "A  party  of  five  or  six," 
he  asserts,  "work-r^  continuously  during  the  summer  months  at  any  time  almost, 
would  be  likely  to  discover  a  mine.  The  inducements  for  explorations  are  inconceivably 
great." 

One  dilemma  constantly  confronts  the 
would-be-recorder  of  facts  in  hia  recital  of  the 
daily  chronology  of  a  new  city,  namely  the 
uncomfortable  monotony  presented  bj'  the 
ever  recurring  information  pumped  into  him, 
with  the  regularity  that  the  lever  pumps 
cartridges  out  of  a  Gatling,  from  a  certain 
class  of  citizens,  who  humbly  confess  all  and 
every,  that  each  mother's  son  of  them,  was 
the  first  squatter  to  reach  the  town.  I  have 
also  met  a  dozen  men  who,  one  and  all  assured 

me,   that  they  individually  were  the  original 

Mr.   Schwartz'.^  Residence. 


The  Menominee  Iron   Rwni:. 


'33 


,  C.  Lockwcod, 
nd  Dr.  H.  C. 
I.  Kimball,  the 
y  in  the  place; 
,  O.  O.  Welch, 
[.  Tyler,  Frank 

L.  Kimball, 
}.  H.  Elmore, 
L  S.  Buck,  now 
1,  W.  Douret, 
of  the  Crystal 
use,  the  best  of 
range,  and  as 
t-class  "show" 
3ne  on  the  pen- 
y  these,  Nicho- 

restaurateur, 
successful  prac- 
nd    Ex-Deputy 
the  footsteps  of 
age,  in  August, 
o  "qualifying" 
,  Wm.  Russell, 
In  October 
w  Registrav  of 
old  Brier  Hill- 
was   elected  to 
opinion.      His 
of  five  or  six," 
y  time    almost, 
e  inconceivably 


(li-icoverers  of  the  same  mine. — But  why  abuse  confidences?  —  I  abstain  from  listing  these 
<:iiitlenien,  as  I  have  no  desire  to  be  party  to  what  I  feel  wouid  inevitably  culminate  in 
I  jiorrible  .ind  bloody  vendetta,  and  merely  refer  to  the  circumstance — having  no  special 
K  ference  to  the  worthy  burghers  of  Crystal  Falls — to  explain  the  ordeals  which  beset 
thr  bookmaker;  if  however,  I  should  meet  a  man  of  the  type  referred  to,  who  will  vear 
ih.it  be  has  discovered  less  than  all  thf  mines  in  the  Peninsula,  1  will  present  bini,  tlead 
i,r  alive,  *o  the  Smithsonian  Institute. 

In  i8t'2,  when  hay  was  $22  a  ton  and  the  prtJulation  500,  came  Mr.  John  Fisho'", 
the  leading  produce  merchant  of  the  place,  now  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
a  most  estimable  citizen,  but  his  advent  was  anticipated  by  Mr.  Fay  G.  Clarke,  Mining 


■ilTIENCE. 


The  Crvsi..\i,  Falls,    P.unt  Rivkr. 

Engineer  and  County  Surveyor,  a  "pioneer  of  more  towns  than  one,"  and  who  at  the 
time  of  the  initial  work  on  the  Menominee  River  branch  of  the  Chicago  A:  Northw'  stern 
road,  followed  up  the  advancing  civilization  which  ran  a  neck  and  neck  race  with  the 
construction  of  the  railway.  For  a  practical  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  norlh- 
western  territory  of  the  Upper  Peninsula  of  Michigan,  Mr.  Clarke  has  few  if  any  eipi^ds, 
tlie  examination  of  lands  and  the  making  of  topographical  surveys  necessitatirg  the 
traversing  of  a  wide  area  of  country.  From  information  furnished  by  him,  I  am  in  a 
position  to  present  the  results  of  the  concrete  enterprise  of  the  residents  of  the  village. 
Since  the  date  of  its  platting,  August  6th,  1S81,  when  and  for  some  years  after  all  was 
bush  and  dense  thicket,  41,400  lineal  feet  of  streets  have  been  constructed,  and  -nearly 
eight  miles— in  constant  use.  Its  sidewalks  extend  for  14,500  feet,  whilst  the  wagon 
roads— highways— within  the  township— 43,  R.  32— in  which  Crystal  Falls  is  located, 
are  26'^  miles  in  length.  Seventeen  miles  of  railway  intersect  its  prolific  acres,  for  the 
country  is  not  all  rock.  neither  does  the  granger  need  to  plant  his  potatoes  with  a  shot 
u 


134 


The  Menominek  Iron  Range. 


gun,  as  the  fact  that  there  are  sixteen  well  cultivated  farms  within  a  radius  of  six  niiles 
from  town,  should  indisputably  prove.  On  Mr.  Uren's  farm  within  shouting  distance  oi 
the  Lockwood  Hotel,  there  were  raised  this  year,  3,000  bushels  of  potatoes,  100  tons  ol 
millet,  1,000  bushels  of  oats,  2,000  bushels  of  Swede  turnips,  besides  garden  truck, 
The  oat  stalks  stood  measurably  higher  than  the  tallest  man.  The  soil  is  a  rich  sandy 
loam,  and  produced  65  cords  of  maple,  bass  and  birch,  to  the  acre.  The  estimated  area 
of  forest  land  in  Iron  county  is  to-day  (according  to  extra  Census  Bulletin  No.  5)  700.000 
acres;  450,000  is  said  to  contain  merchantable  timber,  principally  hard  maple,  with  pine, 
cedar,  hemlock  and  birch. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Parkes  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers,  as  well  as  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
the  range.  He  reached  Quinnesec  on  the  first  construction  train,  following  the  completion 
of  the  road  to  Florence,  and  reached  Crystal  Falls  in  1884,  being  then  in  the  employ  of  the 


Sawyer  Goodman  Co., 
Parkes  subsequently 
nerman  Hotel,  and  fitting 
soon  controlled  an  enor- 
ne.js,  supplying  the  min- 
Last  year  he  sold  out, 
in  logging  on  the  Paint, 
his  annual  cut  of  white 
25,000,000  feet,  and  nec- 
300  men.  Mr.  Parkes 
Menominee  opportunities 
H.  W.  Harte  also 
Harte  only  reached  the 
once  embarked  m  the 
This  he  retired  from 
started  the  yards  now^lo- 


J- .'  - 

(*1 

PK.    . 

Mr.  ].  H.  Parkes. 


getting  out  logs.  Mr. 
bought  out  the  old  Ban- 
it  up  as  a  hardware  store, 
mous  and  lucrative  l)usi 
ing  and  logging  camps, 
and  at  present  is  engaf,'ed 
Hemlock  and  Net  Rivers, 
pine  reaching  nearly 
essitating  the  labor  of 
is  another  example  of 
and  push. 

operates  in  lumber.  Mr. 
Falls  in  1888,  but  ai 
general  store  br.siness, 
in   November,    1890,  am!  1 


cated  on  Third  St.  and  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Oilman  conducts  a  local  wholesale  and  retail  trade,  supplying  also 
sashes,  doors,  lime  and  cement.  Last  year  this  company  sold  4,000,000  feet  of  lumber. 
the  bulk  of  it  for  building  purposes  within  the  village,  over  $50,000  worth  of  material  beiiis 
put  into  residences,  and  handled  principally  by  Mr.  Kitto,  builder,  to  fill  his  contract.s  for  | 
citizens.  Of  these  Capt.  C.  T.  Roberts'  residence,  rorner  of  Superior  and  Fifth  Sts,, 
cost  $5,000;  Mr.  Max  Berlowitz'  residence,  corner  of  Michigan  and  Fifth  Sts.,  cost  the 
same;  Mr.  C.  T.  Crandall's  house,  same  street  cost  $3,000;  Mr.  Russell's  handsome 
home,  $4,000;  Mrs.  J.  F.  Schafer's  house,  near  Forrest  Avenue,  also  cost  $4,000 
Mr.  P.  E.  Dunn's  celebrated  Cedar  Castle  on  Maple  Hill,  the  interior  fittings  of  which 
are  said  to  be  ultra  original,  cost  $6,000:  the  residences  of  Mr.  Ed.  Florada,  and  Mr. 
S.  D.  Hollister,  $1,500  each;  Mr.  Doucet's  house  on  Marquette  Avenue,  $4,000,  and 
Mr.  Harte' s  own  dwelling,  at  the  corner  of  Forrest  Ave.  and  Fifth  St.,  taxed  the  owner 
$5,000. 

Of  this  residence  I  submit  an  excellent  picture,  also  one  of  Mr.  Schwartz's  von 
derful  house,  to  which  I  referred  previously.  All  of  these  houses  are  fitted  with  every 
modern  conv.ini?nce;  are  most  handsomely  furnished  with  remarkable  taste,  and  with 
their  Dutch  fire  places,  electric  lights  and  stained  glass  casements,  are  very   bowers  of 


The  Menominee  Iron  Range. 


'35 


comfort,  by  the  glowing  side  of  whose 
ingle  nooks,  the  thriving  citizen  can 
sip  his  toothsome  toddy — he  ought  to 
if  he  doesn't- -in  the  bosom  of  his 
own  or  some  other  fellow's  family, 
and  offer  up  thanksgiving  for  the  cir- 
cumstances which  directed  him  to 
this  prosperous  haven  in  the  hills. 
These  houses,  as  I  have  said,  are 
painted  in  the  prevailing  shades  of  or- 
thodox tints,  and  seen  from  a  distance, 
"The   Lockwood."  flaunt  their  colors  like  a  bed  of  wild 

po[)pies.  In  the  table  of  Real  Estate  values  I  have  already  given  the  prevailing  prices 
of  property  at  Crystal  Falls.  These  prices  are  steadily  rising,  and  with  an  increasing 
population,  rated  at  4,500  to-day,  are  bound  to  maintain  an  upward  tendency.  The 
(piotations  of  to-day  may  not  be  law  tomorrow.  Several  additions,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  have  been  pinned  on  to  the  original  town  site — the  Maple  Grove,  the  Wagner 
and  Carey,  and  most  important  the  Glendale,  which  is  within  two  blocks  of  the  Court 
House.  This  is  the  joint  property  of  H.  W.  Harte,  Geo.  Eisman  and  Mr.  A.  Flewelling, 
attorney,  who  is  the  representative  lawyer  and  leading  expounder  of  law  in  Iron  County. 
This  property  is  well  wooded,  and  from  a  picturesque  pKce  of  vantage,  commands  a 
magnificent  view  of  the  surrounding  uplands.  The  main  line  of  the  electric  light  plant, 
and  of  the  water-works,  passes  through  Glendale.  The  water  supply  of  Crystal  Falls^ 
I  speak  of  the  vs.ter-works  product — is  the  united  flow  of  four  streams,  which  by 
damming  create  one  general  reservoir.  There  are  8,000  feet  of  water  mains,  and  17 
hydrants,  the  pressure  in  which  is  maintained  by  powerful  engines,  tiiough  the  elevation 
of  the  crest  of  the  town,  at  the  Court  House,  gives  of  itself  more  than  ample  power  for 
the  portion  of  the  village  situated  below.  The  fire  department,  which  is  as  yet  a  volun- 
teer one,  consists  of  three  hose  carts,  two  chemical  engines  with  hook  and  ladder  outfit. 
The  development  of  these  range  towns  is  simply  astonishing;  one  day  an  untrodden, 
howling  wilderness,  and  within  a  twelve-month  presenting  a  greater  variety  of  neces- 
saries and  more  modern  luxuries,  than  cities  of  a  former 
generation  would  have  acquired  in  a  life-time.  The  post- 
office  at  Crystal  Falls,  Mr.  A.  Parkes,  postmaster,  handles 
some  5,000  letters  daily,  and  about  13,000  papers  weekly; 
the  business  of  the  office  amounts  to  over  S6o,ooo  a  year. 
Complete  choice  is  offered  the  Christian  in  the  way  of  pur- 
suing his  own  sectarian  form  of  divine  worship.  The  Cath- 
olic church  which  was  built  in  1885,  is  in  charge  of  Father 
Sutter;  the  Episcopal  Methodist  congregation  is  led  by  the 
Rev.  T.  J.  Macaulay,  and  the  Swedish  church  of  the  same 
denomination  is  under  the  pastorate  ot  Rev.  H.  G.  Boivia. 
This  latter  congregation  have  just  erected  a  new  tabernacle 
(Ml  Crystal  avenue  at  a  cost  of  $2,250.  There  are  some 
500  Finlanders  working  in  the  mines.     St.  Mark's  mission 


A.  LubTKiEi.u's  Store. 


136 


The  Mknominkk   Iron   Rance. 


has  lately  been  established  under  the  visitinff  ministrations  of  the  Rev.  Ball-Wri^;ht, 
rector  of  the  Episcopal  parish  of  Menominee,  with  Mr.  R.  Munns,  churchwarden, 
and  Mr.  C.  M.  Rogers  and  Dr.  Metcalfe,  lay  readers.  Neither  in  educational  matters 
is  Crystal  Falls  any  less  advanced  than  its  sister  towns  of  the  Menominee.  Hit 
High  School,  which  is  most  picturescjuely  situated  amid  the  elms  and  pines  on  Fourth 
street,  is  in  the  charge  of  Miss  A.  Blasdell,  principal,  aided  by  six  lady  assistaiils, 
all  graduates  from  normal  schools.  The  census  shows  a  school  population  of  490, 
with  an  attendance  of  330  boys  and  girls  both  included;  twenty-eight  of  these  ;ir( 
high  school  pupils. 


The  Hir.H  Schooi,. 
The  Village  of  Crystal  Falls  is  under  the  local  government  of  a  Board  of  Trustees, 
composed  of  the  following  citizens:  Jerome  B.  Schwartz,  President;  James  Wilkinson, 
Clerk;  A.  Lustfield,  Treasurer;  J.  E.  Bower,  Casper  Aberle,  John  Fisher,  Chas.  S. 
Henry,  Wm.  Russell,  C.  G.  Campbell,  Board  of  Trustees;  Hugh  McLarren,  Marshall. 
P.  E.  Dunn,  O.  M.  Brown,  Assessors;  David  Kitto,  Chief  of  Fire  Department.  With  the 
exception  of  that  of  Mr.  Campbell,  the  advent  of  all  of  these,  save  one  other,  has  been 
referred  to.  Besides  being  proprietor  of  the  Stephenson  House,  Mr.  Campbell  recently 
acquired  Mr.  Bower's  drug  business,  and  in  partnership  with  his  son  who  is  a  graduate 
in  chemistry  from  Ann  Arbor,  controls  the  trade.  In  all  communities,  there  will  always 
be  found  one  or  two  men,  who  by  reason  of  their  enterprise  and  business  activity,  are 
rightly  regarded  by  their  fellows,  as  being  wholly  representative  of  local  progress  aiiJ 
trade  interests.  Such  an  one  in  the  case  of  Crystal  Falls  is  Adolph  Lustfield,  proprietor 
of  the  "Fair."  Mr.  Lustfield  was  born  in  Bohemia  and  after  a  successful  career- 
consequent  upon  his  own  exertions — embarked  for  America  and  elected  in  March,  1S82. 
to  remove  from  Oconto,  Wis.,  where  he  was  engaged  in  business,  to  the  present  booniiiif; 
centre  of  his  choice.  By  his  own  inherent  push,  aided  by  a  happy  disposition,  he  soon 
became  the  corner  stone  in  the  commercial  world  of  Iron  County,  and  I  hasten  to 
publish  his  successes,  both  on  account  of  his  personal  worth  and  the  value  of  his  example. 
as  proof  of  the  possibilities  of  Crystal  Falls,  if  properly  embraced.  Shrewd,  just,  an  ever 
wise  counsellor,  and  an  unflagging  worker  in  the  town's  interests,  Mr.  Lustfield' s  deeds 
should  be  perpetuated  in  letters  of  brass. 


Thf.  Mfnominee  Iron  Range. 


'37 


Crystal  I'alls,  as  I  have  related,  is  tlu;  judicial  scat  of  the  county,  a  list  ot  whose 
(illKcrs  I  here  append;  I'atrick  K.  Dunn,  Registrar  of  J)et\/s  and  Clerk:  J.  !•'.  Corcoran. 
Triiisiirfr;  C.  T.  Crandali,  ProsenitiH'^  Aitorni'v:  \\ .  j.  Hrown,  Prolati-  Jii</^i;t-:  W.  J. 
'luUv,  Sheriff;  E.  P.  Lott,  Ciiciiit  Court  Commissioner:  F.  (i.  Clark,  County  Surveyor. 
Tlu-  utfices  of  these  },'ood  people  are  in  the  Court  House.  1  have  shown  you  the  appear- 
aiKi'  ot  the  building  by  the  zinc  etching  on  page  129.  One  word  as  to  its  construction, 
it  IS  built  of  cream  colored  brick  with  blue  limestone  trimmings.  The  small  pilasters  of 
pdlislied  blue  granite  which  support  the  sides  of  the  front  archway,  were  quarried  from 
tlic  mountain  of  granite,  which  rests  within  stone's  throw  of  the  railway  depot.  The 
iiiuiior  fittings  are  finished  in  anticjue  oak,  and  the  court  room  itself  is  the  largest  audi- 
torium in  the  Upper  I'eninsula.  The  cost  of  the  building  will  exceed  $50,000.  The  site 
ciiosen  is  a  magnificent  one.  The  base  of  the  building  at  the  head  of  Superior  street,  is 
about  a  third  of  a  mile  from  the  railway  track,  and  about  230  feet  above  the  river. 
Surmounting  the  front  pediment  is  an  allegorical  group  of  statuary,  three  figures  se\en- 


teen  feet  high.  Justice, 
cable  to  the  citizens 
new  comer.  The  ar- 
Mr.  J.  E.  Clancy,  of 
side  the  Court  House, 
just  been  completed. 
front  the  visitor — and 
posing  surrounded  as 
silent  and  everlasting 
townwards  from  the 
"The  Lock  wood,"  the 
the  Menominee  Range. 
witliin  hailing  distance 
and  commands  an 
neighboring  mines, 
has  55  rooms,  and 
steam  heated,  and  ex- 
nished,      it      deserves, 


Mr.   Adoli'H  Lustfield. 


Law  and  Mercy,  appli- 
and  encouraging  to  the 
chitect  of  course  was 
Iron  Mountain.  Alon;;- 
a  handsome  jail  has 
These  buildings  con- 
apf.ear  strangely  im- 
the  place  is  by  the 
hills  —  as  he  drives 
station  on  his  way  to 
hotel  par  excellence  of 
"The  Lockwood "  is 
of  the  Court  House, 
entrancing  view  of  the 
hills  and  forests.  It 
lighted  with  electricity, 
ceptionally  well  fur- 
under    the     admirable 


management  of  Messrs.  Sax  and  Brazee,  all  of  the  eulogy  bestowed  upon  it  by  the 
exacting  tourist.  Its  cuisine  breaks  you  up  on  the  grounds  of  unexpected  quality  in  so 
remote  a  capital,  as  do  also — if  you  are  of  a  susceptible  disposition — the  attractive 
i^oddesses  in  white  who  answer  to  your  appeals  in  the  dining  room.  Apropos  of  dining 
rooms,  this  one  at  the  Lockwood,  with  its  dazzling  napery  and  printed  n-ienu,  is  in 
refreshing  contrast  to  the  menage  of  a  certain  range  establishment  where  a  crisp  story  is 
told  of  a  tender  traveller,  who  upon  the  announcement  of  "soup,"  was  weak  enf)ugh  in 
the  absence  of  a  bill  of  fare  to  enquire,  "What  kind  of  soup,  please?"  The  answer  came 
terse  and  emphatic,  "Dam'  ;:;ood  soup,  and  don't  you  forget  it." 

Crystal  Falls  abounds  in  most  picturesque  highways,  and  at  Hollister's  livery  barn, 
alongside  the  hotel,  j'ou  can  secure  any  kind  of  an  outfit  that  your  fancy  dictates,  and 
traverse  all  its  umbrageous  byways.  Many  of  the  elevated  portions  of  the  township 
consist    of  fields    of  argillaceous    slate,   ciianged    by    igneous    action.      On    the    Michi- 


«38 


Thf  Menominkf,  Iron  Rangk. 


gamine  river  the  cut  banks  of  dioiite,  raise  in  places  their  150  sheer  feet  of  cauMm 
wall,  the  increasingly  high  hills  from  which,  mount  upwards  until  their  loftiest  en  ^t> 
hang  a  purple-green  gonfalon  1,800  feet — I  am  told — above  Lake  Michigan.  'Ww 
Caledonia  Falls  of  the  Michigainme  above  the  Mansfield  Mine,  offer  a  dream  in 
drench,  rock  and  foliage.  The  glens  along  the  dalles  of  these  rivers  are  a  thicket  of 
deers'  antlers,  and  the  waters  of  lakes,  rivers  and  brooks  teem  with  whitefish  and 
speckled  trout,  bass  and  herring.  The  Fortune  chain  of  lakes  is  but  four  miles  distant, 
whilst  four  miles  further  west  yet  the  county  road  crosses  the  Chicagon  river,  the  lake 
of  which  name  rests  a  deep  basin  of  several  miles  square  in  the  heart  of  the  great  haul 
wood  forest.  The  country  in  a  word  is  a  sandwich  of  scenery  and  sport,  best  descrilu'd 
by  a  volume  whose  alternate  pages  would  consist  of  leaves  from  Longfellow  and  the 
American  Field,  Bryant  and  Forest  and  Stream.  If  any  one  at  a  distance  is  anxious  to 
learn  more  of  these  range  towns  I  urge  him  to  subscribe  for  one  or  more  of  its  local 
papers.  They  are  replete  with  reliable  and  with  the  latest  information  on  every  point. 
Crystal  Falls  possesses  two  such,  77/1?  Diamond  Drill,  a  five  col.  qto. ,  when  first  estab- 
lished by  Mr.  Claude  Atkinson  in  January,  1887,  now  fills  up  a  seven  col.  qto.,  and  a 
supplement  in  addition,  and  is  the  largest  weekly  in  the  Upper  Peninsula,  outside  of 
Ishpeming.  Mr.  Atkinson's  paper  is  an  ably  edited  text  book  on  Menominee  Miner- 
alogy; in  addition  to  this  the  editor  is  a  Nimrod  and  a  most  enterprising  citizen.  The 
Clipper,  the  old  Cycle,  though  recently  purchased  by  Mr.  Andersen,  has  under  his  vigorous 
management  acquired  a  new  field  of  usefulness,  and  shares  the  journalistic  honors. 

At  tlie  time  of  writing,  exclusive  of  express  and  telegraph  offices,  etc.,  and  Drs. 
Beck  and  Moffit,  and  Mr.  Kinney— Crystal  Falls'  Bank — there  are  about  ninety  persons 
engaged  in  various  lines  of  wholesale  and  retail  business.  Of  these,  six  are  interested  in 
the  dry  goods  and  clothing  line,  carrying  stocks  of  from  five  to  twenty  thousand  dollars, 
and  do  a  business  of  $150,000  a  year,  whilst  the  three  general  stores  carrying  about  an 
equal  amount  of  stock,  handle  some  )i!3oo,ooo  annually.  Amongst  other  industries  is 
the  cigar  factory  of  Chas.  K.  Kirbey,  employing  15  hands,  whose  specialty  the  "Opera," 
is  scattering  its  smoke  and  its  reputation  as  far  west  as  Washington  Territory.  Across 
the  river  is  the  new  driving  park  with  a  first  class  half  mile  track.  All  the  Benevolent 
Societies  flourish,  and  the  F"ree  Masons  and  Knights  of  Pythias  are  especially  live 
organizations. 

Outside  of  the  fact  of  its  Mnrivalled  richness  as  a  mineral  center,  Crystal  Falls  is 
another  of  these  range  towns  which  present  extraordinary  inducoi,  ^nts  to  the  maim- 
facturer  of  Wood  or  Iron,  seeking  the  cheapest  motor  and  the  most  profitable  market 
for  his  product.  The  Paint  river  runs  at  the  foot  of  the  village,  and  the  horse  power 
above  and  below  the  Falls  is  estimated  at  15,000.  Now,  the  horse  power  of  science  is 
really  three  times  greater  than  that  of  the  animal  itself.  Seven  men  are  equivalent  to 
one  horse  unharnessed  by  science;  hence  the  ordinary  water  power  is  equal  to  45.000 
cart  horses,  or  the  might  of  300,000  able-bodied  miners,  provided  their  energies  were  not 
wasted  by  an  all-night  session  of  pedro.  What  a  tug— not  of  war — but  of  industrial  con- 
quest. If,  as  the  chronograph  has  proved,  that  a  telegraphic  signal  can  be  propelled  7,000 
miles  in  a  fraction  over  one  second,  by  a  not  extraordinary  instrument,  what  manner  of 
manufacturing  propulsion  could  be  produced  by  dynamos  driven  by  300,000  men? 
Crystal  Falls  offers  the  capitalist,  contemplating  starting  a  saw-mill  or  any  kind  of  wood 


Thf.  Menominek  Ir()n   Range. 


'3'> 


eet  of  canvdii 
loftiest  crt^t!, 
ichigan.  '1  he 
r  a  dream  in 
ire  a  thicket  of 
vvhitefish  and 
miles  distant, 
river,  the  laki' 
he  great  hard 
best  described 
ellow  and  llic 
e  is  anxious  to 
re  of  its  local 
n  every  point, 
len  first  estah- 
ol.  qto.,  and  a 
ula,  outsidf  of 
ominee  Mincr- 
[  citizen.  Tlie 
ler  his  vigorous 
ic  honors, 
etc.,  and  Drs. 
ninety  persons 
'e  interested  in 
nisand  dollars, 

ing  about  an 
r  industries  is 

the  "Opera," 
itory.      Across 

le  Benevolent 
especially  live 

Crystal  Falls  is 

to  the  manu 
fitable   market 
e  liorse  power 
of  science  is 

liquivalent  i" 
qual  to  45.1.  I" 
rgies  were  not 

ndustrial  am 
ropelled  7,001 
lat  manner  ot 
300,000    men' 

kind  of  wood 


ui.ikiiif;  establishment,  or  blast  lurnaci-,  tlu;  beiietit  of  tree  power  i'i|uivaliMit  to  oni;  hall 
ot  the  available  united  manual  labor  of  all  the  working  men  of  the  city  of  Chicago! 
\\  ill)  will  come?  At  the  present  time-  upon  the  authority  of  Mr.  Parkes  about 
1J5, 000,000  feet  of  lumber  are  cut  on  the  I'aint  and  its  tributaries.  Who  will  locally 
((invert  a  portion  of  this  into  the  staple  articles  of  necessity? 

Crystal  Falls,  as  has  been  previously  reiterated,  lias  the  greatest  number  of  shipping 
mines  surrounding  it  than  has  any  otiier  district  on  the  range,  and  the  ores  produced  are 
(it  a  very  superior  (piality.  l^roof  positive  of  this  is  the  purchase  of  recent  date,  by 
Mr.  i'erdinand  Schlesinger  of  Milwaukee,  and  his  associates,  of  the  Dimn  $100,000. 
the  .\rmenia  $40,000,  the  Youngstown  $125,000,  and    the   Iron    River   $250,000.      Their 


MiNiN'o  Madk    IvAsv  liv  A   Kand  Rock  Drill. 

pnn  base  of  the  Florence  for  $350,000  and  the  Chapin  for  $2,000,000.  I  have  already 
noted.  Next  year  the  Lincoln,  Hope,  Lee  Peck  and  Inter  Range  will  be  added  to  the 
list  of  Crystal  Fall  shippers,  whilst  out  of  the  newly  developing  explorations,  such  as 
llie  Glidden,  Gibson,  Lottie,  Monongahela,  Wagner,  Bohemia,  May,  Parks  and  Tobin, 
Atlas,  Chicagon,  Lake  and  Gt.  Eastern,  some,  it  is  confidently  expectetl  will  have  pur- 
iliasable  stock-piles.  Whilst  the  Dunn  is  the  greatest  shipper  in  the  district,  the  Mans- 
tielil  explored  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Calhoun,  shows  the  richest  product,  analyses  of  samples 
yielding  65  per  cent,  metallic  iron  to  .019  per  cent,  phosphorous.  In  addition  to  its 
mines  of  hematite,  an  outcrop  deposit  of  Manganese,  was  recently  discovereil  t)y  Capt. 
('■  T.  Roberts,  near  the  Mastodon,  and  from  analyses  of  samples  horn  a  thousand  ton 
inck-pile,  gives  an  average  oi'  40  per  cent,  manganese.     Mr.  F.  G.  Clark  has  recently 


I4'i 


Thk   Menomim;k.  Iron   Rangk. 


located  a  similar  deposit.      As  tiiis  mineral  is  worth  $i^  a  ton,  tlie  value  of  these  discov 
ories  is  of  iiitakiilaliic  importance  to  Crystal  I'alls. 

Eighteen  miles  from  Crystal  l-'alls  by  highway  beyond  the  beautiful  Fortune  I^aki  s, 
and  by  rail  twenty  miles  from  the  junction  at  Stager  is  located  Ikon  Kivek,  an  erstwhile 
candidate  for  the  county  seat  and  second  only  in  importance  to  Crystal  Falls.  It  has  a 
thinking  population  of  1,200,  Stambaugh  which  abuts  it  having  300  additional  thinkeis. 
It  was  platted  in  iS^ii  by  D.  C.  McKinnon  whoownsthe  town  site,  which  with  Sipchen's 
addition  now  covers  100  acres.  The  real  estate  and  personal  property  this  year-  ,is 
assessed — of  viUage  and  township,  amounts  to  $1,027,962.  (iennesee  street,  the 
principal  thoroughfare  anil  lined  with  numerous  stores,  is  graded  for  half  a  mile,  Adam 
street  tor  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  and  Cuiyaoga  street  for  the  same  distance,  and  all 
equipped  with  well  planked  sidewalks.      The  drinking  water  is  conducted  from  a  sprint,' 


Thk  M,\N.-iiiKi.i)  Mink. 


through  ordinary  pipes.  The  fire  tanks  are  supplied  from  a  reservoir  fed  by  the  Iron 
River.  The  fire  depnrtment,  in  charge  of  Chief  Minkler,  consists  of  30  men,  who  control 
seven  hydrants  and  two  hose  carts,  with  1,000  feet  of  hose,  the  pressure  being 
maintained  by  a. Cameron  pump.  The  interests  of  the  village  are  well  conserved  by  a 
Board  of  Trustees,  comjiosed  as  follows:  Alex,  (juirt,  President;  W.  W.  Hunter,  Andy 
J.  Boyington,  C.  A.  Ecklund,  P.  Andreson,  Gus.  Freidrich  and  John  Carson,  Trustees: 
Mr.  Wright,  Assessor,  with  Mr.  Frank  Ducker,  Clerk.  The  Township  Board  is 
composed  of  Mr.  St.  Peter,  Supervisor;  Thos  H.  Flanagan,  Clerk;  Young  Campbell, 
Justice;  W.  H.  Fechter,   Treasurer. 

Mr.  A.  J.  Boyington,  proprietor  of  the  well  known  Boyington  Hotel,  is  the  same 
Andy  Boyington  to  whom  I  introduced  you  as  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  at  Iron 
Mountain.      He  moved  to  Iron   River  in    1883,  and   runs  a  hotel  as  famous  for  its  good 


The  Mknominf.k  Iron  NAN(iK. 


141 


(lu.ililii's  as  is  he  liiinsulf.  Ot  the  ullicr  l»■;lllill^;  citi/ciis,  Mr.  (hiirt.  iliicf  ol  tlu- 
■|  iiistues,  t)rigiiially  t'oiun'ctcHl  'vitli  the  iiiiiifs  siiu c  1SS2,  hiis  ttoiii  i!S88  boiMi  I'xtciisivrlv 
1  iii^.iged  in  tliu  hartlwari;  l)usiness.  Mr.  M.  St.  ri'tcr,  iiKiii:iv;iii^;  i):irtiiL'r  dl  ( ilu■ll^l(llr^, 
M,  I'cter  &  Co.,  lias  Iil'cii  occiipifd  siiuf  iSSO  in  dirt'ctin^  the  Ixisiiiess  ol  oin'  <>\  tin- 
l.-iruist  dry  >,'0(nls  cstahlislimciits  (.11  tlu'  range,  dividin;;  tlic  rlotliiiig  trade  with  tlic 
J.  M.  Qninn  Co.,  whose  store  is  on  tlie  opposite  side  ot  Cieiinusi'e  street.  liusiiiess  lots 
in  tlie  vilhif^e  are  qnoted  at  S200  up  to  S450  according  to  location.  Outside  reside  nee 
lots.  Sioo  to  ;r!i5o,  and  cleared  acreage  troin  Sin  to  Si5.  The  newspaper  interests  are 
;ili|y  rt.'presented  by  the  Iron  Comity  AV/c/Zfr.  published  by  Mr.  I'.  O'lirieu,  assisted  by 
Ml.  Lee.  The  Reporter  has  tlourished  under  its  presi-nt  luanageuient  since  1S.S7,  it 
li,i\ing  been  originally  established  by  Mr.  E.   I'.   Lott  as  the  Miniiii:^    /\f/>,>r(i-r  in  1SS4. 

1.  !|:  :)!  *  !i:  *  -1:  *  -I:  ■■■  -\- 

With  these  many  galleys  of  antitpie  primer,  in  which  I  hope  I  have  not  over  wearied 
voii  with  a  recital  of  some  synonymously  asserted  facts—relieved,  you  will  admit,  by 
etching  and  half  tone,  good  ink,  capital  "composition,"  aiul  excellent  press  work — I  leave 
v'lii  to  your  business  reflections.  Tiiat  if  not  to-day,  or  tomorrow,  "some  other  day" 
you  will  be  tempted  to  scan  with  your  closest  commercial  scrutiny,  the  extraonlinary  trade 
facts  relative  to  the  marvellous  Iron  Range  of  the  Menominee,  of  which  I  have  been 
permitted  to  handle  the  scalpel  of  divulgement  -  I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt.  The 
Menominee  is  a  mesmerist.  It  has  extended  a  trade  invitation.  The  impulse  unknown 
to  yourself — already  implanted  in  your  mind  to  test  the  measure  of  the  story  of  its 
resources,  will  grow  upon  you,  until  the  desire  to  investigate  becomes  an  all  engrossing 
one,  as  it  indeed  fiiiist. 

Come  then  with  scrip,  or  pick,  or  neither,  so  you  have  willing  hands  anil  a  stout 
iieart,  and  hasten  to  exact  your  sliare  of  legitimate  "royalty"  from 

*    *     *■     "A  land  whose  stones  are  iron, 

.\nd  out  of  whose  hills  thou  mayest  di^  brass." 


"77/1?  CJiiiiics  of  the  Meiiomince." 
A  Kki'kksentativk  Tkio, 


TABLES 

Showing  the.  Output,  etc.,  of  tin;  Mint  s  of  tlic  Iron  Mountain  District,  and  of  tlieCryst.il 
l''alls  anil  Iron  River  Districts,  for  the  year  1S90,  anil  the  total  shipments  up  to  date: 


IRON  MOUNTAIN  DISTRICT. 


Name. 


OWNHHS. 


Superintknd'nt. 


("alunu't      ...    Aliaiuloncd  iHS.)  .  .  .    . 
t'liapin ("h;i])in  Mining  Co  .  .  , 

(M.  A.  Ilaiina,  I'rcst.) 

(^)riiell Al)an(l()nt'(!  iMj 

Hamilton....    Ilainilton  Orn  ('o !  Jno.  T.  Jones 

I  (Norman  Hall,  I'rest.) 

Hall  and  Half do | 

Her.sel ! ' 

Indi.'ina Abandoned  i.SHO | 

Keel  Kidnf.  .  .    Abandoned  iSS< 

l-udinnton  . .  .    Liimbermens  Mining  ('o.    K.  Hankus.... 

(A,  A.  ("arpenter,  Prest.) 

U.  S.  Dessau I  Clias.   McClrenor 

I'ewabic   Co '  E.  F.  Hrown.  . 

Abandoned  i  S89 ■ 


First 
Ship- 
ment. 

1 88a 


Cl..\SS  (IK  OK.4 


Ins. 


i  Product 
1890 


Vacant   !  i8«o     Soft  Hematitei. 


»Millie... 

Pcwabic  . . 

Hiiinnesec 

nValpole  . 

Metropolitan.    Abandont^l  1HS8 

Northwestern    Abandoned  1HH4 


IHHO  

iH8f)  do 

None  in  mnrk't 

1889  

1890 

1882  

1880  

1880  Some  Hess'nier 


fiolo 

(.8  '/o 

t88i     

1 8()o    llJKh  grade  llMMner.  f>c>  % 

1878 

1887 

1882 

i88j 


I 


PkM. 


065 


101)11 


■"■  No  information  tendered. 

CRYSTAL  FALLS  AND  IRON  RIVER  DISTRICTS. 


742.»43 

17.072 

1,496 
95  .S 


07.J55 
26,991 


2,940 


Total 
Outpiii 


J«.7M 
3,2iH,5M 

6,(p  (11 
35.6'ii 

'^'.4 '7 

I7,.S71 

58,'!'. i 

84.1. 'ITS 

loj,.M| 

26, 1  I'M 

15,11,) 

107,0:7 

17.  ^".i 


Total  Tons  4,780,773 


Name. 


*.\rmenia 

Crystal  Falls 

Dunn 

Great  Western.  . . 

Hollister 

r^incoln 

Mansfield 

Manj^anate 

Mastodon 

♦South  Mastodon. 

Monitor 

I'aint  River 

Shafer 

"■Youngstown  .  .  .  . 


Owner. 


F.  Schlesinger  Syndicate. 


SUPERINTENUENT. 


F.  SchU'sinf^er  Syndicate. 

J.  M.  Turner,  Pres 

J.  H.  Parkes,  ,•1.  nl 

Lincoln  Iron  Co 

Caledonia  Iron  Co.  . 


E.  Florada. 
O.  Reibel.. 

F.  Cole.... 
W.  Hooper. 


J.  13.   Schwartz. 
Jno.    Ericson.  .  . 


Iron  River. 
Nanaimo  . . 
Shelden  .  .  . 
Sheridan  . . 


C.  T.  Roberts,  Agent. 


\V.  S.  CofYman..  . 

M.  La  Monte 

Shafer  &  Shelden. 
Florence  Iron  Co. 


H.  Roberts. , 

E.  Blake..., 
J.  F.  Clapp. 

F.  Scadden . , 


F.  Schlesinger  Syndicate.  .. .    O.  Reibel. 

McKibbon  Bros E.  H.  Jones. 

Shelden   Co i   

P.  Sheridan |   


Product, 

1 890. 


1889 
1882 
1887 
1882 
1890 
1882 
1890 
1890 
1882 
1888 
1889 
1882 
1882 
1882 


26,649 

3.974 
156,963 

72.54f> 
2,020 

18,303 
6,844 
66,526 
1.476 
3i.'39 
62,654 
60,133 
44,460 


1882  155.458 

1882  3.441 

1886  not  operating 

1889  I  595 


Total 
Output. 


76,92.1 
5.31.S 

45 '..S5" 
222, 4SS 

2,02(i 
8,501) 

i8.3ni 
6,84., 

323. 9>" 

8,20.i 

43.4*^7 

62,654 

126, 1 60 

147,041) 

844,  o6() 

114.36'' 
2,og.' 
1,697 


*Not  operating  1891. 

The  Crystal  Falls  Mine  was  idle  from  1883  to  1889. 

The  product  of  the  Dunn,  Great  Western,  Mastodon,  Paint  River,  Shafer,  Mansfield  and  Hemloil , 
which  for  the  period  ending  September,  1891,  reached  406,000  tons,  exceeded  the  shipments  of  all  of  tlie 
mines  last  year  for  the  corresponding  period  by  85,000  tons,  which  should  make  the  gross  total  product  of 
all  mines  in  the  district  for  1891  in  excess  of  that  for  1890.     The  Hemlock  is  a  new  shipper. 

Detailed  description  of  any  of  these  mines  is  an  impossibility,  not  a  single  answer  having  been 
received  to  my  applications  for  information. 

The  Lincoln  Mine  (the  old  Fairbank)  is  now  being  re-developed  and  expects  to  renew  its  shipments 
next  season. 


f  theCrysl.il 
to  datu; 


IllllCt 

Tot  111 

8ya 

Outpiii 

38, 7  M 

J2.843 

3i2i8,.SH 

f),tM<i 

IT 

17.072 
1,496 

35.<"'-! 
6,457 

rr 

955 

'•55 
I7.f^7i 
58,'ii.i 

97.355 

843. 075 

39.232 
26,991 

2,940 

103,2(1 

26,1)111 

283,jJ.f 

15.  "M 
io7,().;7 

I7.2"5 

IT 

'""'*~"  1 

IT 

Total 
Output. 


Pt. 


49 

74 
63 
46 
20 

03 
44 
26 
76 
39 
54 
33 
fjo 

58 

41 
.ting 

35 


and  Hemlock, 
s  of  all  of  tht^ 
otal  product  oi 

r   having   beni 

its  shipmenis 


IT 


76.924 

5.31.S 

45>.55" 

222,4«.S 

IT 

2,0211 

8,51'" 

18,30.1 
6,84., 

IT 

323.9'" 

8,2o.( 

43.4S7 

02,654 

12O,  ifiii 

147.04'' 

IT 
IT 

844,06(1 
114.36'' 

IT 

2,og^ 
1,697 

IT 

TOWN  OF  CRYSTAL  FALLS,  MICH. 


Facts  and  pointers  worth  considering;  . 

IS  A  FACT — That  Crystal  Falls  is  the  centre  of  the  healthiest  Ioi,ality  in  the  Upper 
Peninsula.     Ague,  Hay  I'ever  and  kindred  diseases  lire  unknown. 

IS  A  FACT — That  while  Crystal  Falls  is  but  eleven  years  old,  it  hoasts  of  a  High 
School,  three  Church  Edifices,  two  Newspapers,  two  first-class  Hotels,  two 
Banks,  Water-works  supplying  water  for  all  purposes,  and  a  Public  Electric 
Light  Plant,  supplying  streets,  stores  and  private  residences.  Both  of  these  are 
owned  and  operated  by  the  village,  which  possesses  everything  desirable  to  make  it 
a  centre  of  comfortable  homes. 

IS  A  FACT — That  it  owns  on  the  Paint  River  alone  one  of  th(>  greatest  Water- 
powers  in  Michigan,  sulficieiv  to  drive  all  the  necessary  or  possible  machinery  in 
the  entire  district. 

IS  A  FACT — That  within  its  limits  every  requisite  necessary  to  make  a  Blast  Fur- 
nace a  success,  exists,  such  as  Water-power  and  an  unbounded  supply  of  hardwood 
for  charcoal,  etc. 

IS  A  FACT — That  sooner  or  later  the  shrewd  manufacturer  will  realize  that  this  is 
the  place  for  a  Hardwood  Factory.  Birch,  Birdseye  and  other  maph;,  and  many 
varieties  of  beautiful  wood,  suitable  for  bench  or  lathe,  grow  in  abundance,  and  in 
near  proximity. 

IS  A  FACT— That  there  is  room  not  only  for  one  but  for  two  Saw  Mills,  that  will 
find  in  the  surrounding  mines  a  ready  market  for  their  product. 

IS  A  FACT — That  almost  in  the  city  limits,  but  few  rods  from  the  railway,  is  a 
Mountain  of  beautiful  bluish  gray  Granite  susceptible  to  the  finest  polish. 

IS  A  FACT — That  the  cultivation  of  Strawberries  and  Cereals  in  this  vicinity  is 
an  assured  success. 

IS  A  FACT— That  good  land  for  agricultural  purposes  can  be  bought  for  $5  an  acre. 

IS  A  FACT— That  its  Mineral  Spring  is  better  than  the  celebrated  Bethesda 
Spring  of  Waukesha. 

IS  A  FACT — That  Crystal  Falls  needs  nothing  but  to  be  known,  in  order  to  become 
one  of  the  greatest  cities  in  l^pper  Michigan,  which  it  assuredly  is  destined  to  be. 


J.  E.  BOWER, 
C.  ABERLE, 
JOHN  FISHER, 
CHARLES  S.  HENRY, 
WM.  RUSSELL, 
C.  S.  CAMPBELL, 

Board  of  Tyustees. 


JEROME  B.  SCHWARTZ.  Village-  Piesidait. 

JAlSn':S  WILKINSON,   Viltnge  Cl.-rk. 

A.  LUSTI'IELO,   I'illag,-  Tiwuiir.-r. 

HUGH  McLaren,  Marshal. 

v.  E.  DUNN,   O.  M.  BROWN,   Ass.'ssors. 

DAVID  KITTO,  Chuf  of  Fire  D.ft. 


(I 


CRYSTAL  FALLS  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


CLASSIFIED   LIST   OF  ADVERTISERS. 


Ahstnicts  of  Title— 

Koc.EKS  A  MacCi.iniik'K. 

Attortwy— 

I'l-hWEl-LINi;,  A.    L. 

Hank  ofCkvstai.  1"ai.i,s, 
O.  D.  Kinney,  Cashier. 

Ciffur  Mnnufhctiirer — 
KiKHEV,  ('has.  R. 

Contractor  uiul  Builder — 
KiTTo,  D.  A. 

Civil  niif-inecr — 

Cl.AKKK,    F.    C"i 

Driiffgists— 

Cami'uei.i.  il  Son, 


Dry  Goods — 

"The  Fair," 

A.  Lusttield,  Prop. 

Groceries  and  Afei'ts— 
Fisher,  John. 

Hotel— 

The  Lockwoop, 

Sax  iS:  Urazee. 

Iron,  Steel  iind  Nails — 

'Si  KDEU  iS:  Co. 

Livcv — 

Hoi.i.i.sTEU  I'll:  l"i). 

Lumber — 

Ckvstai.    I'.M.l.S  LUM.   Co. 
Harte  iS:  CJilman. 


Mineral  Water — 
K,\KsoN,  v. 

Mining  Expert — 

Schwartz,  J.  B. 

Newspapers — 

The  "  Ci.H'PER." 

Thu  "  Diamond  Drii. I..' 

Opera  House— 

W.    DoUCET. 

Plio  t  ofjrapher — 

J  AS.    McCoURT. 

Real  Estate - 

Gi.ENDAi.E  Audition, 

Harte,  I'Mewelling  and 
Eisman. 
RocEKs  c'v:  MacClintoik. 
Schwartz,  J.  B. 


J.    B.    SCHWARTZ, 

CRYSTAL  FALLS,  MICH. 

Mining  Expert-* Dealer  in  Real  Estate 


OWNER    OK    THE 


SCHWARTZ  ADDITION  TO  THE  VILLAGE  OF  CRYSTAL  FALLS. 


IjOTS    Solid    oist    IHj^^bit    IP^^^'srivdiEiTTS. 


MINI>;r.  OPTIONS    ON   ANY  MINP:RAL  lands    in  the  MENOMINEE  RANGE  PROCURI'D 

CORRECT    REPORTS  AND   ESTIMATES 
ON      MINERAL     LANDS     FURNISHED. 

TAXES  FOR  NON  RESIDENTS  PAID.  MINING  STOCK  BOUCiHT  AND  SOLD 

REFERENCES  FURNISHED  ON  APPLICATION. 


Business  Dirkctory  of  Crystal  Fam.s,   Mich. 


•45 


Cl1!'1'EK." 

Diamond  Dkii.i 


"THE  FAIR." 

A.  LUSTFIELD,  Prop., 

MAMMOTH 


llEAnytJAKTKkS    lOK 


CARPETS,   CLOAKS,    HATS,   SHOES,   TRUNKS   AND 

EVERYTHING  ELSE  CARRII':D  IN  A  STRICTLY 

FIRST  CLASS  STORE.. 


Ai.E  AnniTioN, 
irte,  I'lowelling  and 
Kisman. 

S  cV  MAct'LINTOCK. 
RTZ,  J.   B. 


THE  OLDEST  AND  LARGEST  ESTABLISHMENT  IN  CRYSTAL  FALLS,   MR  IIKIAN. 


A.  L.  FLEWELLINC, 
DUNN  BLOCK,  CRYSTAL  FALLS. 


PHOTOGRAPHER 

PORTRAITS  TAKEN  BY  IMPROVED  PROCESS, 

VIEWS   A   SPECIALTY. 

A  large  collection  of  views  of  Mines  and  points 
of  interest  in  the  Menominee  Range  always  on  hand. 
A  number  of  the  scenes  in  this  hook  are  reproduc- 
tions from  Mr.  McCourt's  photographs. 

ORDERS  BY  MAIL  RKOEIVB  ATTENTION. 


Th ,  only  Democratic  Paper  in  the  County  of  Iron. 


The  Official  Paper  of  the  Village  of  Crystal  Falls, 


GE  PROCURi:i> 


^e  (T^stgl  I^alls  (npper, 

H.  F,  ANDERSEN,  EDITOR  AND  PRnp'R. 

(Succpsscr  to  THE  CLIPPER  PDBLISHItIG  CO.-i 


CRYSTAL  FALLS, 


MICHIGAN. 


,HT  AND  SOLD. 


Advertising  Ratea  on  Application, 


Excellent  Job  Work  Executed, 


146 


Business  Diricctouv  of  Crystal  Falls,   Mich. 


FIRE    BRICK    ANP    FIRE    CLAY. 


MINING    TIMBER    A    SPECIALTY, 


CRYSTAL  FALLS  LUIVIBER  CO., 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


SASH,  DOORS,  BLINDS,  I  JIM RKR  LATH  AND  SHINGLES. 

BRICK,  HAIR  LIME  AND  CEMENT.     ALL  KINDS  OF  BUILDING  MATERIAL.    WAGONS, 

BUGGIES,  SLEIGHS  AND  CUTTERS. 
DEALERS  IN  REAL  ESTATE — LOTS  FOR  SALE — GLENDALB  ADDITION. 

"2".fi.ISID  JL1<TX>  Or^nCE,  -  _  ..  _  "ViTEST  TI3:II^r)  STI^EET. 


D.  A.  KITTO, 

Contractor  and  Builder 

BDILDINGS  OF  EVBRY  CLASS  KRECTED  WITH  DESPATCH. 

ARCHITKOTDRAL  PLANS  CAREFILLY  CARRIED  ODT. 

CORRBSPONDEINCB  SOI^ICITBD. 


Cj 


CRYSTAL  FALLS, 


MICHIGAN. 


:ampbell  &  SON, 

DEALERS    IN 

Drugs,  Medicines, 

PAINT?,     OILS,     TOILET    GOODS,     CIGARS, 

PIPES,  TOBACCOS,  STATIONERY,  WALL 

PAPER,    NOTIONS    OF    ALL    KINDS, 

CUTLERY  AND  AMMUNITION. 


Prescriptions  Carefully  Gompoonded  by  Day  or  Night. 

SUPERIOR  AVZ,         -  CRYSTAL  FALLS. 


Finest  Sample  Room  in  the  Cit;.         Half  Block  from  Sulphur  Springs. 

f  ri^sta!   JTalls  (Jpera    fjo^ise 

CENTRALLY  LOCATED. 

Finest  Auditorium  and  most  complete  Stage  .\ppoint- 
ments  north  of  Milwaukee.     New  and   First 
Class  in  every  respect.     Seating  capac- 
ity 1200. 

CRYSTAL  PALLS.         -        -        -       MICHIGAN. 

The  Gitj  oonoeded  to  be  the  best  Show  Town  on  the  Menominee  Range. 


F.  G.  CLARK,  C.  E. 

MINING  ENGINEER  AND  SORVEYOR 


Agent  for  the  celebrated  BUCHANAN  IRON  AND  OOMBINATION  TRUSS  BRIDGE  CO., 
of  Bellefontaine,  Ohio, 

Particular   attention  to  the  Examination  of   Lruids 

for  Minerals,   and  the  Superintendence  of 

Exploratory  Work. 

OFFICE  IN  DUNN  BLOCK,  CRYSTAL  FALLS,  MICH. 


FERA." 


CHARLES  R.  KIRBEY, 

CIGAR  MANUFACTURER, 

Crystal  Falls,  Tviich. 


FACTORY  No.  613,  FIRST  DISTRIOT,  MICL' 


IJL7 


A    SPECIALTY 


HBIHATIOll  TRUSS  BRIDGE  CO., 


TAL  FALLS,  MICH. 


Business  Directory  of  Crystai.  Falls,   Mich. 

Qlendele  JiMdiiioD. 

J  lis  Beautiful  Addition  to  the  Village  of  Crystal  Falls,  recently  platted,  is  now  open. 

The  Glendale  Addition    is  situated    within  Two  Blocks  oi  the  County 

Court  House,  with  Main  Line  of   Water  Works  and 

Electric    Lights    running    through    it. 

Lots  for  Sale  at  Prices  and  on  Terms  to  Suit  the  Purchaser. 

FOR    PARTICtj:.ARS  APPLY  TO 

H.  W.   HARTE,  A.   FLFWELLING,  GEO.   EISMAN, 

Crystal  Falls,         -         -         Michigan. 


']1ieJ)ian)oi)dJ)riII, 

PUBLISHED  EVEEY  8ATDEDAY. 

FcVcn   Colitn}!!    Qharto,   with    FiVe    Coliin7n 
Folio  Supplement. 

I-.irK'est,  Best  Printed.     Contains  more  Upper  I'en- 
insula  Mining  News,  Menominee  Kange  News, 
^jf    County    News,    City    News,   Editorial    Notes 
and    Comments  than   any    other   Newspaper 
printed  on  the  Menominee  Range. 
Tilt;  Diamond  Drill  is  not   in    a  rut,    but   on    the 
contrary  is  abreast  with  the  times  and  always 
-^'(-    always  alive  to  the  interests  of    City,  County 
and  locality  in  which  it  is  printed. 
Nci   pains  or  expense    is  spared    getting  The    Dia- 
mond Drill  Mining  News,  and  it  can  always 
•jk-    be   counted   on    as    being   absolutely  correct 
and  reliable. 
Subscriptions,   $^.oo  per  year  ;    sample  copies  sent 
free  on  application.     Its  Extensive  Circulation 
■5j~    and  Newsy  Columns  make  it  a  Superior   Ad- 
vertising Medium.     Rates  on  application. 
JiiH    Department  Complete.     Special  Facilities 
roR  Handling  Lar(;e  Work  on  Short  Notice. 

/Vddress,  TdE  DIAMOND  DRILL, 

CRYSTAL.  FALLS,  UICB.       \ 

0,  M.  ATKINSON,  Proprietor.  ' 


PETER  LARSON. 


sole  owner  of 


Crystal  Falls  Bottling  Works 

MINERAL  WATER 

Bottled  at  the  Sprin(;s,     No  Other 
Used  in  the  Mam;ka(  ti're  ov 

Lat'vSon's  (jingrcr  Ale, 
Lai3on'3  Champagne  Cider, 
Larson's  Cream  3oda, 
Larson's  Orange  Ci<let'» 
^ircf)  ^ecr      and  all  otl)er 
Carbon  Waters. 

SAMPLES  SENT  ON  APPLICATION. 


The  Crystal  Falls  Mineral  Water  as  Analysed  by 
Prof.  V.  C.  Vaughan,  is  Superior  to  the  Cele- 
brated Bethesda  Water. 


STEAM  PUMPS, 
WIRE  HOISTING  ROPE, 
OILS,  CANDLES,  ETC. 


Howe.  Brown  Oo.'b  DrlU  Stnel. 

Ludlow  Mfg.  Oo.  Btraiffhtway  Valves. 

Boston  Belting  Oo.  Bubber  Ooods. 

Boston  ft  Lookport  Co.  Tackle  Blocks. 

National  Tube  Works  Oo.  Wrought  Iron 
Pipe. 


BURDER   &  CO. 
Iron,  Steel  and  Nails 

Mine,  Mill  &nd  LunibBrmen'^  ^upplie^, 

Superior  Avenue,  Crystal  Falls,   Mich. 


\ 


ST  DISTRIOTijnCH 


io8 


Business  Dirfxtorv  of  Crystal  Falls,   Mich. 


THE  LOCKWOOD, 

SAX  S  BRAZEE.  PROP'RS, 
CRYSTAL    FALLS,    MICH, 

4S~Special  Attention  to  Hunting  and  Fishing  Parties 


Joseph  *'illwooi3,  J.  H,  Parks,  0,  D.  Kinney, 

asident.  Vice-Pres.  Cashier. 

THE 

'^gnk  of  (Festal  Falls 

CRYSTAL  FALLS,  MICH., 

Transacts  a  General  Banl<ing  business,  Sells  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Exchange.      Agents  for  the  lead- 
ing Steamship  Lines  and  Fire  Insurance 
Companies.     Collections  made  at 
Lowest  Rates.    ' 


Abstracts  of  Title 


TO  ALL  LANDS  IN  IRON  COUNTY. 


MAPS  AND  DIAGRAMS  PREPARED. 
REAL  ESTATE  TRANSFERRED 

TAXES  PAID  FOR  NON-RESIDENTS 
OORRESPONDBNCE  SOLICITED. 


CORRESPONDENTS :  —  Ch«s6  National  Bank  of  New  York  ;  Continental  National 
Bank  of  Chicago;  Plankinton  Bank  of  Milwaukee. 


ROGERS  S  McCLINTOCK, 


CX^-2-ST.A.Xj  rJ5..LXjS, 


IvHCHIO-^LI 


SPECIAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  THE  TEAHSPORTATION  OF  HUNTING  AND  CAMPING  PARTIES, 


LIVERY, 

SUPERIOR  AYE..  CRYSTAL  FALLS.  MICH. 


'BUS  TO  AND  FROH  ALL  TRAINS.    RUN  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE  LOCKWOOD  HOUSE, 


JOHN    KISHKR, 


DE.M.ER    IN 


Beef,     Veal,     GROCERIES    '^"tton,  Pork, 

SALT  AND  SMOKED  MEATS  OF  ALL  KINDS,   FRUITS,   GENERAL    PRODUCE,    GAME   ANii 
FISH  IN  SEASON,   CANNED  GOODS,   FLOUR,   FEED,   HAY,   ETC. 


SUPERIOR  STREET. 


CRYSTAL  FALLS. 


IRON    RIVER   BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


J  Fishing  Parties. 


ION-RESIDENTS 
ID. 


GAME   AND 


CLASSIFIED     LIST    OF     ADVERTISERS. 


Dry  Goods — 

GuENSBURG,  St.  Peter  &  Co 
QUINN,  J.  M. 


Hardware — 
Quirt,  A. 


Hotel— 

BoYiNciTON  House, 

A.  J.  Boyington. 


TRODT  PISHERS'  RJISORT. 


NO  HAY  FEVER  HERE. 


^e  ^ogingl'oi)  i|o(ise 

JAS.   SKINNER,   CLERK. 

A.  J.  BOYINGTON,  Prop'R. 


l^IVBRY   IN   OCMNBOTION. 


''THE  CHICAGO  STORE.^^- 

GUFNSBURG,  ST.  PETER  &  CO., 


de.ai.ers  in 


DI(y  gOOD^,  dLOTtllNI} 


J 


GENTS"  FURNISHINGS.  HATS,  CAPS.  BOOTS. 
SHOES.  ETC. 


GENESEE  STREET, 


IRON  RIVER. 


A,  E.  GUENSBURG,  M.  ST.  PETER. 


.  GUENSBURG. 


J.     TVI      QUINN, 


DEALER  IN 


ALEX.  QUIRT, 


dealer  in 


READY-MADE  CLOTHING  General  Hardware 


Gents'   Furnishing   Goods,    Hats,    Caps,    Boots, 
Shoes,    Etc. 


STOVES,  TINWARE,  MINERS  AND  LUMBERMEN'S 
SUPPLIES. 

TINSHOP   IN    CONNECTION. 


GENESEE  ST.. 


IRON. RIVER. 


;ii 


150 


Thk  Menominkk  Ikon  Ranok. 


Mknominkk  Iron  Rance. 


Facts  worth  knowing  concerning  the  Iron  Ore  industries  in  the  United  States,  with 
special  reference  to  the  production  in  the  States  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. — Compiled 
from  reliable  official  sources: 

In  1880  then;  were  502  producing  mines,  which  reported  to  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  in  the  Unitcil 
States.     Of  these  73  wer(^  in  Michigan  and  if)  in  Wisconsin. 

These  592  mines  produced  14,518,041  long  tons  of  ore. 

Tlie  average  value  of  this  was  S2.30  per  ton. 

The  total  value  of  prcxluction  was  S33,35i,')78. 

Michifian's  proportion  of  this  value  was  $15,800,521,  being  an  average  of  $2.70  per  ton. 

Mcr  total  production  was  5.85^,  i(m)  tons. 

Wi.iconr.inV,  nharo  of  val'if  w.ik  <4i  840.008.  belui,'  an  average  of  $2,20  per  ton,  on  a  total  production  of 
837,391)  tons. 

I'ennsylvania  with  198  mines  only  produced  1,560,234  tons. 

The  production  of  varieties  of  iron  ore  in  the  states  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  respectively,  was  as 
follows: 

Brown  Hematite — Michigan 332,257       Brown  Hematite — Wisconsin 101,970 

Red  "  "         5,272,915       Red  "  "  735.429 

The  coiisiiwplh'ii  of  iron  ore  in  the  United  States  in  1889  exceeded  the  domestic  proJitction  iiy 
1.505.573  to"s! 

The  average  percentage  of  iron  in  all  the  ores  smelted  in  1889  was  51.27  per  cent, 

The  (ny/imv  yield  of  all  metal  in  I.ake  Superior  ores  was  60  per  cent! 

In  Alabama  the  yield  was  46  per  cent.;   in  Tennessee  39  per  cent.;   in  Virginia  43  per  cent. 

The  increase  in  output  of  Michigan  in  1889  over  1880  was  256.91  percent.,  of  Wisconsin  2,163.24 
per  cent. 

Connecticut,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Missouri,  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania 
and  Vermont  t/i-i/yn.u'J  in  output  during  the  corresponding  period  from  4  to  76  per  cent. 

As  producers  of  iron  ores,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  have  ranked  in   the  five  census  years,   as  follows 

1850,  Wisconsin 16,      Michigan 18  18S0,  Michigan 2,     Wisconsin 15 

1860,  Michigan 5,     Wisconsin 13  1889,  Michigan i,     Wisconsin 5 

1870,  Michigan i,     Wisconsin 6 

In  1850  Michigan  stood  eighteenth  out  of  21  states,  to-day  she  stands  /trst  out  of  28  states  and 
territories. 

In  18S0  the  total  value  of  the  iron  mines  of  Michigan  was  ^17, 496, 775.  In  1889  their  value  h.id 
increased  to  $41,958,571. 

In  1S89  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  combined  employed  14,764  overseers,  miners  and  laborers,  to  whum 
was  paid  $6,904,517  in  wages. 

Whilst  the  yield  of  the  hard  ores  of  Michigan  are  nearly  one-third  per  cent,  greater  than  those  of  the 
Virginias,  the  average  expenditure  for  wages  per  ton  of  ore  won  is  one-twelfth  more  only;  viz.,  $1.19  per 
ton  in  Michigan  and  gi  09  in  the  Virginias.  The  average  wages  of  miners  per  day  in  Michigan  is  $2.23;  in 
the  Virginias  Si.  13. 

In  1889  Michigan  produced  per  each  employe  452  long  tons  of  ore  ;  Wisconsin  460  ;    the  Virginias   zon 

Whilst  Michigan  ore  is  nearly  (';/<-////;i/ richer  than  that  of  the  Virginias,  it  costs  /rss  than  one-fowl': 
more  per  ton  than  it  does  the  Virginias  to  produce  it. 

From  the  Port  of  Escanaba,  on  Lake  Michigan,  3,792,009  long  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  during  tlu^ 
seven  months  of  navigation  in  1890. 

During  twelve  months  of  the  same  year  Bilbao  in  Spain  shipped  but  4,272,918  tons.  Whilst  Spain's 
seaport,  therefore,  shipped  at  the  rate  of  but  356,076  tons  per  month,  Michigan's  lake-port  shipped  at  the 
rate  of  541,715  tons  per  month,  making  Escanaba  practically  the  greatest  ore  port  in  the  world. 

During  the  month  of  .\ugust,  i8()i,  Escanaba  shipped  over  600,000  tons  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  ore. 

Crystal  Falls,  the  remotest  mining  town  from  the  water  of  any  point  on  the  Menominee  Range,  is  only 
80  miles  by  rail  from  Escanaba. 

In  i8S(),  40  per  cent  of  the  Marcpiette  Range  ores,  and  16  per  cent,  of  the  Gogebic  Range  ores,  besiilcs 
the  whole  of  the  Menominee  Range  ores,  were  shipped  from  Escanaba,  having  been  carried  there  on  liir 
cars  of  the  Chicagt)  &  Northwestern  Railway  Co.,  who  own  and  operate  the  huge  Ore   Docks  at  that  plru .' 

The  combined  cajiacity  of  these  docks  is  116,000  tons,  and  2,000  tons  of  Menominee  ore  have  be 11 
loaded  on  an  ore  boat  in  35  minutes! 

A  study  of  these  facts  will  demonstrate  the  advantages  that  confront  the  capitalist,  should  he  look  to 
the  Menominee  for  the  redemption  of  his  elsewhere  losses,  or  the  accuisition  of  greater  profits. 


INDEX  OF  MACHINERY  ADVERTISERS.  ETC, 


itates,  with 
—Compiled 


n  the  United 


production   of 


:tively,  was  ;\s 

. .  101,970 
..•735.420 
production   by 


lit. 

iconsin  a.ifi^sj 

Pennsylvania 

irs,   as   follows; 

lin 15 

SIN 5 

28  states  and 
their  value  had 
orers,  to  vvhuni 

lin  those  of  the 
viz.,  51. 10  P'"'' 
,'an  is  S2.23;    ill 

Virginias  2011 
\than  onc-fou'!: 

Iped  during  the 

Iwhilst   Spain's 
shipped  at  tlie 

rid. 

Wisconsin  unv 
Range,  is  onlv 

Ige  ores,  besides 
Id  there  on  tbi' 
Is  at  that  plan' 
lore  have  been 

luld   he   look  10 
Its. 


.AVt'  I'crX'— Rand  Drii.i.  Co.  Cliiuigv.  ///._ M.  ('.  Hillock  Mk,.  (\)  ;  Ciiii  \i.(i\  Nni<  1  iiwemk'in  K'v(\). 
Akron,  Ohio — The  Wkhster  Camw  it  F..\ne  Co.  Mi/:o,ui/.\,.\  //7.i.  -  Tmk  Ivnw.  1'  Ai.i.is  Co  ;  Mauk 
&  RicnAKOs  Engravinc  Co.;  Thk  R.  p.  Elmok"-:  Co.;  Commercial  Bank;  The  Swain  &  Tate  Co. 
I.oiuioii,   Eng. — Proprietors  OK  Inon.     //,'//  AfoiDi/.ini.  .1//. //.  — Fiu.sr  N  \  itonai.  H  \nk. 


AUTHOR    OF: 
Ten  Years  in  Winnipeg, 
In  Crisp  Attire, 

.Manitiibi  and  the  Northwest  in  a  Nutshell. 
Wliispers  from  a  Winchester. 
K>'e-va-tin  Ihe  Debatable  land. 
With  Kjuse  and  Travoio. 
Ksi'iinaba  the  Iron  Port  of  the  World. 
Thi>  Menominee  Iron  Range,  Etc.,  Etc.,  lie. 


WALTER   R.    NI:RSEY, 

Statistician,    Graphic    Writer   and    Special    Correspondent. 

LITERARY      CUORK      OF      EVERY      DESCRIPTION. 

Sixteen  years'  experience  witli  the  Indi.ins  of  the  Northwestern  States 
and  the  Great  \V<?sl  of  Canail.i  iJescrijitise  writins;  cm  Indian  Manners 
and  Customs  in  Pe.ice  ;ind  W.tr. 

In  Manitoba,  Mont.ma,  Sasl\atcliewan,  DaUot.i,  Kt  e-w.T  fin,  .Vthabaska 
and  British  Columbia.  With  C;^noe  and  Snow  Shoe,  Pack  Morse  and  Dog 
Train,  Rod  and  Kirle,  from  Hudson  Bay  to  the  Pacific  Slope. 


\ 


o 


SI 

% 


* 


o 

1 

o 
o 


^<1 


Half  Tone  Engravera  on  Copper  or  Zinc.  Ph.itd  Zinc  Etrliei-s,  'Woija  Engravers. 
Metal  Enjrravprrj  on  Gold,  Siivor.  Copper,  Scul.  &c. ,  Wax  Eng-r.ivera,  Electro- 
typera.  MCanufa^tureis  of  Notary  and  Corporiitiou  Seals  AU  kind*  of  Stenclla 
made  to  order  for  Minera,  Merchanta,  MiUera.  Distillers    Sta. 

MACK  BLOCK,  MILWAUKEE. 


AMBERG  GRANITE  GO. 


J^IL/CBEI^^ 


^nT^TIG. 


QUARHIF.RS.  CUTTERS  AND  POLISHERS. 

CON  :  RA<  TOKS  KOK   AI.I.   K'..})S  OK 

GRANITE  *  WORK. 

The  Quarries  and  Works  of  this  Company  are   the   most  compl<~-t<"   in   this   co;jntr\ 
as    regards  facilities   and   conveniences   for   the   production,    working   and   handling     I 
Granite,    while  the  heaiity  of  the  several  varities  of  stotie  equals  any  pmduced  in  Scoi 
land  or  elsewhere.     The  following  quarries  are  th(  principp!  onjs  owned  by  this  Compan\ 

THE  'ABERDEEN"  REu. 

THE  "ARGriE"  GRAY. 

THE    MARTINDALE"  LIGHT  B!.UE. 
THE  'TIKE"  DARK 


BUIL.DING      AND      STUEET      PAV.'NO      OJORK      A      SPECIA 


i^'rv\ 


Persons  ffit^Pnefing  to  build  are  invited   to  call   and  examine  our    Works  and   Quarries.      Estimates 

on  .Architrcis   PlaiT^ 

General  Office  119  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago. 


WM.  A.  ARMSTRONG, 


r      r      r^'f'^f 


President, 


E.  EDWARDS,  Supt., 

Amberg,  Wis, 


@imp:r(:ial  B^M 


re) 


@ 


CAPITAL,  $250,000. 
E.   R.   PAINE,   President.  J.   G.   FLINT,   VicF-PREhii)ENT  A.   B.   GEILFUSS,   Cashikk 

Tra9sact5  a  Qci^cral  Baj^kii^g  Bu$itpe5;. 

Buys  and  sells  Exchange,  makes  Collections  on  all  accessible  points,  and  loans 
money  on  good  collaterals  or  acceptable  personal  endorsement 

Solicits  the  accounts  of  Individuals,  Firms,  Merchants,  Banks  and  Corpoiaticiis  j;. 
mc  it  favorable  terms,  and  accords  tc  Depositors  and  Correspondents  every  accommo- 
dation consistent  with  sound  banking. 

JLCCOXTiTTS     ^TS.T.aTXSir    TPiai-^JLTE    .a.2:TI3     COIsTi^IXJElT'nj^Xj. 


EVERY  MAN,  WOMAN  AND  THILD  IS  INVITED  TO  OPEN  AN  ACCOUNT  WITH  THIS  BANK, 

ACA\/ff/r,cr     nCpaPTMtrWT  I*  connected  with  this  Bank  and 

DnVip^^D     UC*  ^i\  I  ;rjr*p  J        interest    ali^ouibd    on    deposits 

at  4  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually.  Deposits  of  ONF  DOLLAR  or  more  re.ceived. 


E.  R.  PAINE, 


DIRECTORS: 

JOHNG.  FLINT,  JAMES  KNEELAND,  A.  B.  GEILFUSS, 

H.  M    BENJAMIN,  H.  B.  SANDERSON,  J.  F.  PEIRCE. 


^K. 


lis   co'.mtiA 
landling     ! 
ed  in  Scot 
;  Company 


stimates  made 


DS,  Supt., 
Amberg,  Wis. 


JT.^    --^XB. 


USS,   Cashiiik 


and   loan 


poiatioiis  J.. 
Irv  accommo- 


THIS  BANK, 


Bind 
Iefosits 

ceived. 


5.  GEILirSS, 


C  &  N  W  R 


OYER  7,000  MILES 

OF  THOROn&HLY  EgUIPPED  RAILWAY  IN 

Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Northern 

Michigan,  Minnesota, 
The  Dakotas,  Nebraska  and  Wyoming. 

FAST  VESTIBULED  TRAINS 

Ol' 

Wa^^qer?  cjQd   Pu\\njia.V}  Palace  .SlccpiQU  Cars, 
Toui?i«t  i5Ieei>ii;)^  C^aps.        |*#H         ^ii^jk:v\j  pigir;^  Car^- 


No  Change  of  Cars 


IJETWEEN    OHICAGO     \^I' 

5<Wi  f  ran  or  SCO/ 

Portland, 

Denver, 

at.  Paol,- 

AinneapoUs, 


'■:^// 


Da((ftt)v 

Coancil  J^laff^, 
Onial)a, 
N3ioax  Cit^.- 


I  k(^^   1  owri.^r^   Fc'ivorilo   l-irie 


TO 


MaDISON,  WAUKESHA,  NEENAH,  MENASHA, 

GREEN  LAKE,  MARQUETTE,  LAKE  GENEYA.  FOX  LAKE. 

DEVIL'S  LAKE,  GOGEBIC,  LAKE  MINNETONKA, 


AND    THE 


5<in)n)er  f^sorts  of  the  l^f^st  gnd  HortfiWest. 

For  Reduced  Rate  Excursic  •>  Tickets,   Maps,   Time  T.ibles,   and  General  Information,  apply  to  any 
Ticket  Agent  in  the  United  States  or  Canada,  or  to  the  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent  at  Chicago. 

Vr.   //.   NEVZMAN,  J.  M.    WHITMAN,  W.   A.  THRALL, 

Third  Vice-President.  "  Genorii!  Munager.  Geu'l  I'asstnger  and  Ticket  Agent. 


wiRK  Ropi:,     sti-:am   pumps, 

Pl'MI'S,      HOllJCRS. 


CORNISH 


/     /,    / 
■AHHNIH3VIM 

.^  )      OMnnvH  aNfiOHOJiJiaNa  'shvd  hho 
'sdiMs  'sxaMDoa  hho  'saovD  'shavhiis 


o 

y  W 

O 


c_D 


PJ 

oo 
oo 


w    . 
Q  Q 


O 
U 

W 

u 


< 


0 

M 

0 

z 

0 


< 

U 

w 

H 


0 

I— I 

0 

z 

< 


THE  R.p  ELMORE  C? 


^^^^^ 


V/K  OFFEH   TO  URKHS  Ob' 


GERMAN.  KNC.LISH  AND  BHliilAN 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 


nil';   I'Ol.l.dWINi,    KKI.IAIII.K   IIHANDS  : 

DYCKERHOFF,   HEYN  BWOS.,  HILTON  AND  HKNRY. 

WE  ALHO  HANDI.B  MILWAUKEE  ANO  I.OUmviI.LR 

Wc  carry  a  large  Stock  of  Fire  Mrii-k  ;mil  Fire  Cl.iv.     \Vc  cm  refer   li.   iii.iny    MiniiiK  Companies   wlio  are 

buyers  ot  the  ^orxls  we  lianrllu. 

THE    Tl.    :E>.    ELl^rfllOIlES    OO., 


M.  C.  BULLOCK  M'F'G  CO., 

CI-i:iC'JL.OO,    ILL. 
SPECIAL.TIES: 

Dian)ond  Pointed  Core  Brills. 

Hand  Foweu  Drills  for  Shai.low  Drilling  and  for  Localities  Inaccessihlk 

TO  Sti:am  Power  Plants. 
Power  Drills  for  Steam  or  Air. 

Lane's  Pateot  Baod  Frictioi)  Hoists. 

Deep  Mine  Hoisting  Plants.  Light  Hoists  for  Exploring. 

Bdllock  Corliss  Engines. 

Murphy  Fans  for  Ventilation  of  Buildings  and  Mines. 

General  Mining  Machinery. 

inrSPECIFY  REQUIREMENTS  WHEN  WRITING. 


LR©N, 


AN  ILLUSTRATED  WEEKLY  JOURNAL  OF  SCIENCE,  METALS  AND  MANUFACTURES  IN  IRON  AND  STEEL. 

ESTABLISHED  IN  THE  YEAR  1823  AS  THE  "MECHANICS'  MAGAZINE." 

EDITED    BY     PERRY     F.     NURSEY,     C.     E. 

This  Journal  has  attained  n  large  circulation  in  the  United  Kingdom,  hein^;  also  extensively  read  in  the 
United  States,  the  British  Colonies  and  the  Continent  of  F,uropc.  Covering  as  it  does  with  its  subscription 
list  the  industrial  centers  of  the  world,  it  offers  to  Knj^ineers,  Contractors,  Metal  Merchants,  Brokers,  and 
to  Manufacturers  generally  connected  with  these  trades,  an  admirable  medium  for  Advertising. 

Subscription  Price,  Includini"  Posiaore,  $7.50  Per  Annum. 

FOR  AnVERTISINCr   KATHS,    ETC.,    ADDRESS. 

THE   P'liOIPI^IETOIiS    OE    IliOIT, 

161      FLEET     STREET.      L.ONI3CN,      E.      O. 


John    K.    Wood,    ['resident. 
Omver  Kvans,   Cashier. 

J.    A.   CuowF.i.i,. 


DIRECTORS. 

W.   S.   Laino, 


John   1'erkins,   Vice  President. 
R.  Sii.VERWOoi),  Ass't  Cashier. 

A.   F.   Wricht. 


pirst  National  §ank, 


OF  IRON  MOUNTAIN,  MICHIGAN. 


Capital,  $5(.).OOaoa       Surplus  and  Profits,  $15,000,00. 


Solicits  Accounts,  m- kcs  Collections,  Allows  Interest  on  Deposits. 

Discounts  Commercial  Paper, 
Loans  Money  on  Approved  Collaterals, 

Issues    Drafts  and    Money  Orders  on  all  parts  of  the  Known   World, 

and  in  every  way,  not  interfering  with  its  own  well-being 
and   doing,  accommodates  its  patrons. 


STE^=^n^^SI3:iI=     TlCl^ETS- 


president. 
Cashier. 


DO.OO. 


iposits. 


Clnnalmr  ' 


iiomTONe 


tim*L  PARK 
I 


<►,. 


>;^ 


ml  ftik 


^^-.1 


:  Atlanti 
lith  Taaa. 


mm  I    »«i 


^o., 


:hinery, 


COMPRESSORS.I> 


N   World, 


|i3 


c^**'^' 


To.*         I     J^ 


\^ 


1NT*H 

MT«. 

Mhley 

T/A  1 

1 

1 

•il. 


AND   IMMEDIATE 
RS,  PLAIN  OR 
NON- 


MADE. 


S.  A. 


MAP  OF  THE 


||bi6asot|N|ortli-WMt«ra 

I^AILWAY  SYSIPBM. 


„..^,      |||IWWIII,M 


■^  •  -  v,.*^^-^**i 


ill>«    II  i>l»iii'lll 


Nir  11  ,m  1.11.1 1 


John  R.  Wood,   Pr 
Oliver  Evans,   Casl 


1& 


.    •#MiWi 


\         V 


nMMi|M>««ifMMi 


J.   A.   Ci 


1.. 


'^        o 


Capital,  $5( 


^. 


*^ 


,* 


M  %  '*'"^y 


Solicits  Accoui 


Vt'mfe:^ 


i  *    ■      i 


Issues    Drafts  ani 


S^ 


and  in  ev 


S 


\    \ 


O        J 


trv-  -nN—pn-'wa 


o 


1- 


Z-rt 


);;. 


0     }     ^^      ^ 


Rand   Drill  Co., 


MANUFACTURERS  OF- 


ROCK   DRILLS, 

MINING  AND  QUARRYING  MACHINERY. 


<ISTRA1GHT  LINE  AIR  COMPRESSORS.^ 

<1DUPLEX  AiR  COMPRESSORS.!^ 


-WITH- 


REGULAR  OR   COMPOUND   AIR   CYLINDER   AND   IMMEDIATE 
RECEIVER.  MEYER  AND  CORLISS  DRIVERS,  PLAIN  OR 
COMPOUNDED,    CONDENSING    OR    NON- 
CONDENSING. 


THE  MOST  ECONOMICAL  AIR  COMPRESSORS  MADE. 


23  i=^?kie."K:  i^iLj^^^o.e- 

Nkw  York  City,  U.  S.  A. 


OYER  7,000  MILES 

OF  THOROUGHLY  EQUIPPED  RAILWAY  IN 

Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Northern    ' 

Michigan,  Minnesota, 
The  Dakotas,  Nebraska  and  Wyoming. 

FAST  VESTIBULED   TRAINS 


OF 


Warner  and  Pullrgar)  Palace  Sleeping  G^ar^s, 
Ft^ce   RccliQiQ^   (Dqluv^   Gai^s. 
Toumst  Slcepiaa  C^ars.        -^#4        Superb  Dii^iQ^  C^ars. 


^N 


No  Change  of  Cars 


i;KT\VEKN    CHICAGO    -^^''^ 

3ctn  f  rancisco, 
Portland,  i 

Denver,  j 

at.  Pacil, 
Minneapolis, 


W-^ 


M    D(tUrtt), 

/7|  Coandl  I^Uiffs, 
Omat)a, 
N3ioctx  Cit\;. 


Tk@  Taurii^r^  hc^ix  oj^ih-^   UiMe 


TO 


MADISOK,  WAUKESHA,  NEENAH,  MENASHA, 

GREEN  LAKE.  MARQUETTE,  LAKE  GENEVA,  FOX  LAKE. 

DEVIL'S  LAKE,  GOGEBIC,  LAKE  MINNETONKA, 


AN'll    TIIF. 


7)(iu)ii)tT  f^sorts  of  %  l^T^st  9nd  HortI]West. 

For  Reduced  Rate   P'xciirsion  Tickets,    Maps,   Time  Tables,    and   (rener.il    Inforniailon,  apply   to  any 
Ticket  Agent  in  the  United  States  or  Canada,  or  to  the  Cienoral  Tassenger  ;ind   Ticket  Agent  at  ('hicago. 

W.  H.  NEWMAN,  J.  AT.    WHITMAN,  W.  A.  TIIKALL, 

Third  Vicu. President.  Genenil  MiinHger.  Gen'l  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent^ 


ES 

^    ' 

IG. 

^JS 

ars. 


R(? 


rD 


E, 


Jesf. 


y  to  any 
icago. 


ket  Agent 


